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Free-will vs Pre-determination (Ramanuja)

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SRIMATHE RAMANUJAYA NAMAHA.

 

The analysis continues…

 

Based on the responses received so far, certain

clarifications are given here:

 

# Freewill must not be equated with positive effort.

A sense of discomfiture owing to the mix-up of

freewill and positive effort is palpable, because of

precepts handed down to us. These precepts, which have

been handed down to us in the post-Ramanuja period,

can not be countered. Therefore our attempt must be on

lines of how to see them in the backdrop of a wider

perspective without undermining their import. An

attempt to that effect is given in poser-5, which will

be sent to the list shortly.

 

# Contention of lack of or absence of freewill also

does not undermine the importance of action, as it is

not synonymous with non-action or inaction. The

contention only reiterates that what is perceived as

freewill at any given point of time by a jiva is

actually a scripted will. The entire exercise is to

see the same thing through two different paradigms.

 

# The discussion is necessitated by the fact that this

question has not been dealt with in direct terms by

sruti texts. What is available is for interpretation

and inference only. (I stand to be corrected by our

learned friends. If sruti texts are available, It is

requested that readers produce them in this forum.)

The reason could have been that whatever people did

those days, they did as a commandment of the Lord. I

have heard that even beggars in those days who sought

alms chanted bhagavan nama and accepted them (alms) as

what had been given by the lord.

 

# Therefore the analysis is continued, quoting

relevant portions from Sribhashyam to Vedanta sutras,

(in this mail) and sruti texts in the next mail and

some arguments drawing inspiration from Ramanuja’s way

of argument in another mail. Then the poser –5 is

planned. Meanwhile readers are requested to correct me

wherever I sound wrong or absurd and contribute their

thoughts too.

 

The following has been taken from the Sribhashyam to

Vedanta Sutras- iii-3, wherein Ramanuja spells out the

reasoning for why and how the Brahman can be proved by

shatras only. In the course of ascertaining whether

Brahman is the sole producing agent of the produced

things, he says that this cannot be proved by logic.

Because our logical inference stops with the jiva as

an agent for produced effects and the produced

effects, though have resulted from the ‘desire’

(freewill?), are due to karma and the qualities of

goodness that the jiva has come to possess from the

Brahman plus prakruthi sambhandam. In the matter of

how to relate this to someone (Brahman) who is

distinct from the jiva, our logical inference fails to

help us and so the search goes on and ends up in

shastras – so says Ramanuja.

 

In Ramanuja’s words :-

(Note: - wherever the expression qualities of

‘goodness etc’ is used, it must be read that

‘goodness’ stands for the auspicious qualities that

the jiva comes to possess when the Brahman which was

One in beginning ‘became many’ and etc stands for the

three guna-mix)

 

“…all produced effects such as bodies, etc are seen to

be associated with pleasures, etc, which are

themselves the produced effects of the qualities of

goodness, etc. Therefore it has necessarily to be

admitted that all produced effects result from the

qualities of goodness etc. The qualities of goodness

etc which form the source of wonderful variety of

produced effects, are indeed the special

characteristics found in the (producing) cause. It is

(only) in consequence of the modification of the

internal organ (or manas) of the person who is

possessed of those (qualities) that it becomes

appropriate to declare that those produced effects

result from those (qualities).

And in the case of such a person, the possession of

those (qualities) is due to karma. (*The footnote here

says that karma here means actions done in previous

births and the effects of those actions.*)

Therefore for the very commencement of any particular

work, like the producing agent’s knowledge and power,

his association with karma (also) has necessarily to

be admitted to form, indeed, the cause of produced

effect.

(It has necessarily to be so admitted) for the reason

that the wonderful nature of (the agent’s) knowledge

and power is (itself) due to karma. Even when it is

held that the desire is the cause of the commencement

of work, it is not possible to give up the (agent’s)

association with karma, for the reason that that

(desire), which is specially characterized by its

relation to some particular object or other, is itself

due to the qualities of goodness, etc.”

 

 

This passage seems to well substantiate our inference

in poser –1,

 

THAT IT IS THE KIND OF KARMA ONE HAS TO ENDURE THAT

DECIDES THE ACTION, PROMPTED BY THE SO-CALLED

FREE-WILL AND NOT THE OTHER WAY ROUND-

Established by the example of the bird trapped inside

the room.

Jayasree sarnathan.

 

 

 

 

 

 

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SRI:

 

Dear Jayasree,

 

Your example of the bird trying to escape from a trapped room is good. Here in

poser 1 you have discussed that the free will is guided by the karma. Relates

to the famous saying "vidhi vazhi madi sellum". To me this particular attribute

of "free will" relates to the praradhra karma (karma which is already

fructified). It would be good if you could take the discussion on "free will"

relating to sanchitham & aagami karma (which arises due to our present act).

In other words is there an aspect of free will which is not guided by the karma

or by the Will of the Lord?

adiyen

Lakshmi

>>> jayasartn 08/14/02 08:52pm >>>

SRIMATHE RAMANUJAYA NAMAHA.

 

This passage seems to well substantiate our inference

in poser –1,

 

THAT IT IS THE KIND OF KARMA ONE HAS TO ENDURE THAT

DECIDES THE ACTION, PROMPTED BY THE SO-CALLED

FREE-WILL AND NOT THE OTHER WAY ROUND-

Established by the example of the bird trapped inside

the room.

Jayasree sarnathan.

 

 

 

 

 

 

HotJobs - Search Thousands of New Jobs

http://www.hotjobs.com

 

 

-----------------------------

- SrImate rAmAnujAya namaH -

To Post a message, send it to: bhakti-list

Group Home: bhakti-list

Archives: http://ramanuja.org/sv/bhakti/archives/

 

 

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Srimathe Ramanujaaya Namah:

 

For a while let us asume that what the jivatman thinks

as freewill is nothing but the "scripted will". Now

with this assumption, I seek answers for the following

questions.

 

1. What is karma?

2. If the jivatman is acting on a predetermined will

of the Eshwara, then how is the jivatma

enjoying/suffering the fruits of the karma?

3. How is that the jiva takes the blames [suffers the

dosha] for all the wrong doings in his life, starting

from small theft to anything more serious if it was

scripted by the Eshwara?

4. Is it not incorrect on the part of Eshwara to make

the jivatman suffer for all the mistakes that he did

not do on his own?!

5. What is anaadi karma vaasana and ruchi?

6. If the Eshwaran is scripting all the actions for

us, why is he struggling to get us out of this cycle

of birth and death?

 

adiyen Ramanuja Dasan

raghunandan

--- jasn sn <jayasartn wrote:

> SRIMATHE RAMANUJAYA NAMAHA.

>

> The analysis continues…

>

> Based on the responses received so far, certain

> clarifications are given here:

>

> # Freewill must not be equated with positive effort.

[...]

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Srimathe Ramanujaya Namaha

I have few things to add to this mail, that need clarification. If

pre-determination exists then God becomes partial. I.E it might look like he

wants only people like alwars and acharyas to attain moksham and that is why

he made them. If it is free-will, it is only karma that makes us obtain

results - here when I say karma, it is not just one person's karma- it is

the combined effort of karmas of everyone. We know God, the brahman is

impartial, so pre-determination is ruled out. But if it were just free-will

then the concept of antharyamithvam i.e he is the niyanta i.e the inner

controller and that he does everything - is again ruled out. If

pre-determination doesn't exist, predictions cannot be done. Nammazhwar

foresaw Ramanujar's birth and sang "poliga poliga poliga". We've seen

Nostradamus' predictions done centuried ago are still being proved to be

happening. If free-will do not exist the concept of karma becomes mayai. :)

sounds like a paradox?! Both do exist and both do not exist? We need some

strong, clear explanations with appropriate references from our sampradayam

and siddhantham i.e from the ubhaya vedas. Learned scholars please clarify

this.

Adiyen Ramanuja Dasan,

Lakshmi Narasimhan

 

>Bhashyam Raghunandan <rbhashyam

>bhakti-list

>bhakti-list

>Re: Free-will vs Pre-determination (Ramanuja)

>Mon, 19 Aug 2002 03:29:56 -0700 (PDT)

>

>Srimathe Ramanujaaya Namah:

>

>For a while let us asume that what the jivatman thinks

>as freewill is nothing but the "scripted will". Now

>with this assumption, I seek answers for the following

>questions.

>

>1. What is karma?

>2. If the jivatman is acting on a predetermined will

>of the Eshwara, then how is the jivatma

>enjoying/suffering the fruits of the karma?

>3. How is that the jiva takes the blames [suffers the

>dosha] for all the wrong doings in his life, starting

>from small theft to anything more serious if it was

>scripted by the Eshwara?

>4. Is it not incorrect on the part of Eshwara to make

>the jivatman suffer for all the mistakes that he did

>not do on his own?!

>5. What is anaadi karma vaasana and ruchi?

>6. If the Eshwaran is scripting all the actions for

>us, why is he struggling to get us out of this cycle

>of birth and death?

>

>adiyen Ramanuja Dasan

>raghunandan

>--- jasn sn <jayasartn wrote:

> > SRIMATHE RAMANUJAYA NAMAHA.

> >

> > The analysis continues…

> >

> > Based on the responses received so far, certain

> > clarifications are given here:

> >

> > # Freewill must not be equated with positive effort.

>[...]

>

>

>-----------------------------

> - SrImate rAmAnujAya namaH -

>To Post a message, send it to: bhakti-list

>Group Home: bhakti-list

>Archives: http://ramanuja.org/sv/bhakti/archives/

>

>

>Your use of is subject to

 

 

 

 

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  • 2 weeks later...

Om Namo Narayana

I have been away on a holiday and hence my late

response to this discussion. Although I do not have

any reference to texts etc. My understanding of fate

and freewill goes something like this. Karma

determines ones fate and freewill enables one to

choose a course of action among many alternatives. The

best I could think of as an example is that of a cow

tied to the post in a field. Fate is like the string

with which the cow is tied to the post. with freewill

the cow could choose to graze the field upto the

radius of the length of the string. If it chooses to

resign itself to fate and do nothing then it is not

utilizing what is possible given its karma. Please

pardon me if I have offended anybody with this

explanation.

Sounderrajan Ranganathan.

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