Two etymological questions

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1. Is Sanskrit 'tamas' etymologically related to

English 'tame', 'domestic', 'dominate'?

 

'Tamas' comes from the root 'tam', meaning to 'be

suffocated', 'faint', 'be exhausted', 'stop', 'become

immobile', 'stiffen' (Monier-Williams Sanskrit dictionary). The

English 'tame', 'domestic' and 'dominate' are related to the Sanskrit

root 'dam' (Eric Partidge: 'Origins'), meaning to 'be tamed' or

to 'tame', with 'dama' meaning a 'house' (Monier-Williams). So the

question boils down to this. Are the Sanskrit roots 'tam' and 'dam'

related to each other? On the face of it, they are phonetically and

semantically close. Do Sanskrit linguists like Yaska and Panini have

anything to say about a connection between 'tam' and 'dam'?

 

2. Connection between English 'timid' and Sanskrit 'dvaita'?

 

The English 'timid' comes from Latic 'timere' (to 'be afraid'), akin

to Greek deos ('fear'). The Indo-European root is said to

be '*duei', '*dwei-'. (Partridge)

 

English 'duo' and 'dual' come from Latin and Greek 'duo', clearly

related to Sanskrit 'dvaita'. All these, and the English 'two', are

said to come from I-E root '*duwo'. (Partridge)

 

The I-E roots '*duei' ('fear') and '*duwo' ('two') are phonetically

close, suggesting a possible semantic and etymological relationship.

 

In Sanksrit, 'dvaita' ('duality') is semantically connected to the

idea of 'fear', by the fundamental conception that fear is born of

duality (Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 1.4.2). But the usual word for

fear, 'bhaya', does not appear phonetically or etymologically

connected to 'dvaita'. Is there a Sanskrit word that suggests fear

and is also etymologically connected with 'dvi' and 'dvaita' and the

I-E root '*duwo'?

 

My Sanskrit is rather limited to philosophical terms. Could someone

with a broader knowledge help?

 

Ananda Wood