Vedic Age???

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10.5.9 the Vedic Age (8).

Although the model dates of Max Müeller has worked as an useful

instrument in the philological studies on this literature, the

fixation of the Vedas texts has been to the presently moment a

problem far from being resolved. As Wilkins it pointed out it: "As

for the antiquity of the Vedas, anything is not known with certainty.

Without a doubt they count among the oldest productions in the world.

But the date in that they were composed is object of wide

conjectures. Colebrooke seems to deduce from a calendar Vaidick that

have been write previously to the XIX century B. C. Some assign them

a more recent date, others an older one. Doctor Haug considers that

the Vedic Age extends from the year 2000 A. C., although he believes

that some of the oldest texts have been compose about 2,400 years A.

C., Max-Müeller gives like probable dates, from the 1200 B. C. up to

the 800 B. C.; for the Brâhmanas of the 800 B. C: at the 600 B. C:,

and the rest of the 600 B. C: at the 200 B. C. For what S. Piggot

informs: "We have already pointed out the position of the Rigveda

like archetype of that whole series, and the internal evidence

demonstrates clearly that the Sutras is later to the Brâhamanas and

the Upanishads, so that a relationship can settle down more or less

precise among all those works. But even when we end up finding a

chronological mark in which can locate the whole series, we will

continue having very scarce material for their study. The only fact

certain it seems to be that the doctrine preached by Buda is based

essentially on a development of the concepts philosophical contents

in the Upanishads, and all the tests coincide to fix the death of

Buda in one decade the year 500 B. Cc. at least.

Beyond this date, we don't have left another alternative that the one

of appealing to kind of a philosophical esteem invented by Max

Müeller and generally still accepted, by means of which the Brâhmanas

is attributed a centuries VIII and VII B. C., the last Vedas a

centuries X and IX, and the oldest elements of the Rigveda to the XII

and XI centuries B. C. Max Müeller insisted that those you date they

were only minimum dates, and but it takes there was kind of a tacit

agreement (without a doubt for the influence of the discovery of the

document mitanao of toward 1380 with the names of the gods mentioned

in the Rigveda) to date the composition of the Rigveda among the 1500

at the 1400 B. C., but without having for it any conclusive test."

For what the adoption of a paradigm is denoted by convenium, based on

the extrapolation. Because still the supposed test that it consists

on the date of Buda to the 500 B. C., it has been discredited by

Gokhale and other specialists.

Assuming that like philosophical esteem what Piggot meant is rather

philological, it becomes insinuante. Since the linguistic methods are

advisable and they allow to intrude in several aspects of the

language. For that that if they are used under the appropriate

requirements, they could throw lights on the dataciones and to

contribute in the advance of this field, as the tentative of the

variable 10. Nevertheless that investigators exists, they defend the

posture (a: nationalistic) explained in the introduction, that they

underestimate and they ignore the reaches of this methods in order of

contradicting the paradigm müellerianic.

On the other hand, the erudites of the posture (b: extremistic

westerns) they overestimate this lingusitic tentative one and they

don't admit the integration multidiciplinary and the revision of the

restrictive Mueller dates one and the methods about this. However,

such studies began with the comparative linguistics of Coeurdoux and

Willian Jones in the XVIII century, which solidified with Franz

Boop's positions. Nevertheless, regarding the Vedas, such postulates

they became a debate when comparing them with the archaeological

discoveries, as linguist Ward Goddenaugh pointed out.

He suggests that such interpretations of study of the language, were

arbitrarily compiled in favor of social and political interests.

Other experts as A. B. Keith assure "that taking the linguistic

method literally, one can conclude that the Indo-European originals

knew the butter and not the milk, the snow and the feet but not the

rain and the hands". Winifred Lehmann Also insisted in

1971: "Clearly, the paleontologists linguists have been extrapolated

to the point of the elimination... the language [for itself] it can

not be used like a primary source for the reconstruction of an old

culture". Now then, Morris Swadesh has invented a well-known method

as the glotocronología, which tries to measure the changes of the

languages with spending of the years. However, as the linguists they

have pointed out it, like Charles Hockett, such techniques load with

deficiencies, because they still depend on supposed nonpredectibles.

Nevertheless, it is continues working in this field, and may be in

the future these systems will be perfected.

Now the conclusions of other investigators will be shown, already

including those mentioned, whose discoveries suggest alternative

dates to those of the paradigm müellereanic:

 

Pro Aryo invasionistics

1) Max Muller himself, one of the first ones that rejected the

paradigm was: "Either that the Vedic hymns were composed in the 1000

or 1500 or 2000 or 3000 B. C., is not to be able to on the earth that

ends up it to determine". Similar statements appear in other two

texts of him.

2) Haug considers that the Vedic Age extends from the year 2000 to

the 2400 B. C.

3) H. of Glasenapp denotes in its revision of P. Giles's theses and

J. Hertel, an age of 2500 B. C.

4) M. Winterniz arrived to one period from the 2000 to the 2500 B. C.

suggesting that the Puranas already existed that time.

5) Luis Renou sustains the age from 2000 to the 2500 B. C.

6) Colebrooke seems to deduce from a Vedic calendar that have been

write previously to the century 2900 B. C.

7) P. C. Sen Gupta discovered that the eclipse described in Rigveda

observed by the wise Atri corresponds at the 26 of Julio the 392 B.

C.

8) B. G. Tilak, for the references of the constellation of Orión of

the Rig, reached the conclusion that it date of the 4000 B. C.

9) Bon. H. Jacobi, through the Hindu candelarios and comparing the

astronomical references of the Bráhmanas, he discovered a datación of

the 4000 B. C.

 

Anti-Aryo invasionistas

10) K. Elst sustains that the formulations of the zodiac that are

observed in Rigveda, correspond to a time of at least the 2000 at the

6000 A. C.

11) D. Frawley points out that several brâhmanas and Atharvaveda

describe the vernal equinox in the Krittikas, that is to say the

Pléyidas, and the summer solstice at the beginning of Leo. This

references correspond at the 2500 B. C.

12) F.E. Pargiter intends that the Vedic age went about 3000 B. C.

13) B.R Ambedkar, sustains a similar conclusion at the 3000 B. C.

14) N. S. Rajaram proposes based on the astronomical calculations an

age 3000 at the 10,000 B. C.

15) P. Gokhale affirms: "The analysis of the astronomical references

of the Taiteriya Brahamana 3.5.15, when Jupiter crossed the

constellation Pashya they date of the 4650 B. C. The Aitereya

Bhramana points out astronomical data of 6000 B. C."

16) B. M. Sidharta settles down starting from the astronomical data

and the excavations in Turkey that the Vedic Era comes from 8000 A.

C., as proto-agricultural culture.

 

Other apparent discovery that leans in favor of the antiquity of this

culture, is the recent discovery in the Gulf of Cambay, near Dwaraka,

reported by the Department of Ocean Development of India in February

of the 2002. Where they met devices of an establishment with ceramic

of unknown style until the present, rock mortars, objects like

figures that represent the goddess Mother (Durga?), deer heads, a

duck, and human remains. The studies carried out by two specialized

Institutes have concluded that the analyses of carbon 14 suggest an

age of 5500 B. C. That which locates them as the oldest culture in

India, overcoming those of the Valley of the Shindu like Harappa.

Therefore, independently of where it has originated, the Indo-

European community and the principle of the Vedic Age, the presented

discoveries suggest an age that it goes of the 2000 B. C. 8000 B. C.

The percentage mark a (22.2%) inside the data gathered in this

variable.

References:

 

This information come from the Variable number 15, of the thesis

investigation Which the age of the Srimad Bhagavata Purana ? of

Horacio F. Arganis in the UA de C of C Saltillo Coah. Mexico. 2002.