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Authority of Acharyas

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Dear bhagatars

 

Many Srivaishnavas resort to the "opinions" and "rulings" of a nebulous

group "acharyas" as if they were, a united, congruous, and harmonious band

of divine beings and like the Catholic Pope "infallible". Yet we know that

the "acharyas" were many ­ Ramanuja appointed 700 simhasanadhipatis. (We

hear nothing about the 300 women teachers that he also appointed!). All

these men (and women) were very much human beings with the svabhava that is

natural to the species. They often disagreed in their views and many learned

acharyas wrote complex polemic works refuting each others arguments. Hence

we have the classical Vadagalai/Tengalai divide and the 18 points of

doctrinal dispute ­ which are still not resolved till this day! There is no

Srivaishnava "pope" and no unitary body issuing "fatwas" ­ each and every

acharya and matham is independent and can make up their own minds on

doctrinal points and matters of interpretation. If you approach three

acharyas today on any major issue you will probably have at least two

opinions. (Please note that there is often also bitter rivalry between

acharyas of the same faction!).

 

When such be the case, it is important to understand that the acharya is a

guide and counsellor on the spiritual path and the one that formally

establishes our connection with Sriman Narayana (a connection which was

never lost and is irrevocable, perpetual and natural ­ one is advised to

choose a personal acharya and after testing him (or her) to ensure that what

is taught is (a) in the spirit of Ramanuja¹s teachings, (b) is reasonable

and practicable and © benefits all beings ­ one should then surrender to

the guidance and teachings of such a person.

 

To invoke the tired phrase "our acharyas have said ŠŠ.. " ‹ is vague,

general and unhelpful and ultimately a cop-out from actually using our

intelligence. Krishna said to Arjuna in the 18th chapter ­ "reflect well

over all that I have taught you and then follow the teachings as you will" ­

there was no "command" to "do as I say because I am God" ­ but use you

intelligence and reason and make up your own mind. Vedanta in general is a

methodology of (1) sravana ­ listen to the teachings (2) manana ­ reason,

apply logic and reflect upon the teachings and (3) nididhyasana ­ meditate

upon and REALISE those teachings in your own life.

 

Adiyen

 

Sri Rama Ramanuja Achari

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Dear Devotee,

 

In response to your comments...

 

>

> -

> <purohit

> <ramanuja>

> Sunday, April 06, 2003 2:59 PM

> [ramanuja] Re: Authority of Acharyas

>

>

>

>

> Dear bhagatars

>

> Many Srivaishnavas resort to the "opinions" and "rulings" of

> a nebulous

> group "acharyas" as if they were, a united, congruous, and

> harmonious band

> of divine beings and like the Catholic Pope "infallible". Yet

> we know that

> the "acharyas" were many ­ Ramanuja appointed 700

> simhasanadhipatis. (We

> hear nothing about the 300 women teachers that he also

> appointed!).

 

Your statistics seem to be coming from an unqualified source. All

AchAryas, along with both Eastern and Western scholars on the

subject, concur that only 74 of Sri Ramanuja's closest disciples were

appointed by him to carry on the torch of his Darshanam. Since many

of these men were married, their spouses shared an equal - but

undoubtedly separate - role in following the disciplines and

promoting the faith. While I would not doubt that women did serve as

teachers in their own right, I do not think that the conditions of

the day would have permitted Sri Ramanuja to formally appoint women

as AchAryas.

 

 

All

> these men (and women) were very much human beings with the

> svabhava that is

> natural to the species. They often disagreed in their views

> and many learned

> acharyas wrote complex polemic works refuting each others

> arguments. Hence

> we have the classical Vadagalai/Tengalai divide and the 18 points of

> doctrinal dispute ­ which are still not resolved till this

> day! There is no

> Srivaishnava "pope" and no unitary body issuing "fatwas" ­

> each and every

> acharya and matham is independent and can make up their own minds on

> doctrinal points and matters of interpretation. If you approach

three

> acharyas today on any major issue you will probably have at least

two

> opinions. (Please note that there is often also bitter rivalry

between

> acharyas of the same faction!).

 

I would contend that if there is a "pontifical head" to

SriVaishnavam, it is Sri Ramanuja. He and his teachings continue to

serve as the paradigm and "measuring stick" for all AchAryas and

erudite devotees of Ramanuja sampradAyam that I learned from, and it

is my understanding that the only way that a view within our

community is regarded to be valid is that it does not sway from the

fundamentals of Sri Ramanuja's system of thought. Indeed, even in

recent history, AchAryas have been duly ostracized for teaching from

their own personal perspective rather than maintaining the continuity

of thought for which the SriVaishnava faith is extolled.

 

While AchAryas cannot be prevented from varying their emphasis on

different aspects of our philosophy based on what they have learned -

some preferring Veda and anushtAnam, others emphasizing divya

prabhandam, others focusing Vedanta, and still others focusing on

activism and social reform - if seen in terms of the "big picture",

there is very little deviation in their frame of thought from what

Ramanuja himself established.

 

Regarding the famous 18 differences that differentiate the two

kalais, these did not become solidified until the notion that a

separate sampradAyam existed under the tutelage of Swamy Vedanta

Desika came into vogue. Prior to that time - and I learned this from

a Western scholar - these 18 differences were simply one among many

views that were the object of healthy discussion and debate among

scholars, and were, for the most part left as unanswered anamolies

that only added to the experience of SriVaishnava thought.

 

>

> When such be the case, it is important to understand that the

> acharya is a

> guide and counsellor on the spiritual path and the one that formally

> establishes our connection with Sriman Narayana (a connection

> which was

> never lost and is irrevocable, perpetual and natural ­ one is

> advised to

> choose a personal acharya and after testing him (or her) to

> ensure that what

> is taught is (a) in the spirit of Ramanuja¹s teachings, (b)

> is reasonable

> and practicable and © benefits all beings ­ one should then

> surrender to

> the guidance and teachings of such a person.

 

I would agree, but the question arises as to what "litmus test" an

unqualified disciple should use to make sure that these three

qualifications are present within the AchArya. Such a test can only

be given when one is experienced enough in the faith to determine

whether or not a doctrine preached by the AchArya goes against

the "spirit of Ramanuja". And, frankly, I do not believe that any

member of laity is qualified to do that in this day and age.

 

Consequently, I am of the view that we must accept the AchArya as

gift from God and follow his teachings to the best of our abilities,

prior to passing some judgement on him at the risk of this being

based on our own false ego. I made this mistake when I met a

qualified scholar several years ago, and by the time that I realized

my mistake and was willing to learn from him, he had passed away.

 

>

> To invoke the tired phrase "our acharyas have said SS.. " < is

vague,

> general and unhelpful and ultimately a cop-out from actually using

our

> intelligence. Krishna said to Arjuna in the 18th chapter ­

> "reflect well

> over all that I have taught you and then follow the teachings

> as you will" ­

> there was no "command" to "do as I say because I am God" ­

> but use you

> intelligence and reason and make up your own mind. Vedanta

> in general is a

> methodology of (1) sravana ­ listen to the teachings (2)

> manana ­ reason,

> apply logic and reflect upon the teachings and (3)

> nididhyasana ­ meditate

> upon and REALISE those teachings in your own life.

 

I would concur with this, but would point out this level of

discrimination is something gained from training and experience under

the tutelage of the AchArya. So, again, it is best to first

cultivate an attitude of reverence for the Teacher.

 

Respectfully,

 

adiyEn rAmAnuja dAsan

Mohan

>

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