Puzzled Over The Expansion Of The Universe

[suchandra]

Although modern science found out that the Universe is constantly expanding they still look for the answer, what is this gigantic force that makes our Universe expand?

 

The force that makes the Universe expand comes from the exhaling of Maha-Vishnu. When Maha-Vishnu exhales the Universes expand. And again the Universes will wind up when they're inhaled by Maha-Vishnu.

At least modern science agrees that Maha-Vishnu's breathing must be an adequate respiration since they say, see below, it is constant.

 

 

Prabhupada: Similarly, these universes are coming from the breathing of the Maha-Vishnu, and again it will wind up when it is inhaled. This is creation. So what they will understand? But we understand because we take the knowledge from experience. Here is experienced knowledge. They will simply bluff, "Yes, we are trying. In future we shall know." That's all.

 

Svarup Damodar: They are always hoping against hope, then trying to do something every time.

 

Prabhupada: That is foolishness.

 

Svarup Damodar: Even when experiments fail so many times, ten times, twenty times, still they are hoping, "Oh, this time I will get it." They do it.

 

Prabhupada: Durashaya. This is called durashaya. Durashaya ye bahir -artha-maninah. Everything is explained. They are called durashaya, hope against hope, but it will never be fulfilled.

Morning Walk with Disciples, September 28, 1972, Los Angeles

 

The Cosmological Constant

 

The Basic Theory of Cosmic Expansion

 

www.astrophysicsspectator.com

 

 

In developing this theory for the expansion of the universe, we have ignored an effect that may now be manifesting itself in the observations, and that is the effect of a gravitating vacuum. The force of a gravitating vacuum is expressed as a variable called the cosmological constant. This variable has been a source of speculation ever since Einstein wrongly introduced it—he wanted a repelling force to precisely counteract the gravitational force of matter in a static universe. Recent research on the luminosities of type 1a supernovae at high redshift has ignited interest in a cosmological constant that is just now coming into play.

The theory that now has cosmologists in its grip is that over the first billion years of expansion the universe decelerated through the gravitational effects of the matter, and the effects of a cosmological constant were neglibible, but in the current epoch, the density of matter in the universe has fallen to the point that the repelling force of the cosmological constant is slightly larger than the attractive force of the matter. This means that the galaxies today are being forces apart at an increasing rate, so that whatever deceleration occurred earlier in our history is now being counteracted.

The age of an open universe when there is a cosmological constant and no matter is given by

<table class="formulabox"> <tbody><tr> <td class="leftside">H₀ t</td><td>=</td><td class="rightside"> Ω_Λ^-1/2 sinh^-1 [Ω_Λ/(1 - Ω_Λ)]^1/2,</td> </tr> </tbody></table> where the parameter Ω_Λ is a dimensionless parameter that gives the strength of the cosmological constant. The left side is always greater than unity, and it goes to infinity as Ω_Λ goes to unity. When a cosmological constant is present, the universe can be older than the age of a coasting universe.

To make this theory work in our epoch, the value of the cosmological constant would have to be at just the right. If it were too large, then it would destroy the proportionality of distance with redshift that we see at small redshift, but if it were too small, then its effects on the expansion of the universe would be be negligible in the current epoch.

[Sarva gattah]

Just as you have said, Maha-Vishnu, through Hs transcendental pours, is still breathing out so natually the universe is expanding. It is certainly not expandng from 'so called' new souls being created or generated from the Brahmajytoti (an old wifes tale), that is not possible because ALL living beings are eternal without beginning or end.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE DREAMING MAHA-VISHNU.

And His mahat-tattva universe coming from the pours of His Skin that continuously expand the material universes until He begins to breath in.

 

[suchandra]

 

Just as you have said, Maha-Vishnu, through Hs transcendental pours, is still breathing out so natually the universe is expanding. It is certainly not expandng from 'so called' new souls being created or generated from the Brahmajytoti (an old wifes tale), that is not possible because ALL living beings are eternal without beginning or end.

 

Agreed,

 

Svarup Damodar: The astronomers and the cosmologists, they define the universe in three definitions. And according to their own..., they say the visible space, the universe, they say this is their laboratory for their research to find out the unlimited expanding universe. So this is their laboratory for their... So they call..., this is called observable universe, the universe that can be observed and perceived by instruments. Then another definition of universe they call unlimited. That includes the observable plus everything that is not observable. And the third aspect they call physical universe. That means this universe can be studied by physical laws, mathematics, physics. So they call these are physical universe. So based on these...

Prabhupada: So how they can say beyond this universe there is no other?

Svarup Damodar: They cannot say that. They still say that there is unlimited aspects that increase for the visible as well as...

Prabhupada: Invisible.

Svarup Damodar: Yes.

Jayatirtha: They think that that which they can't perceive they can understand by mathematical laws and physical laws. They just discovered about the laws.

Prabhupada: But there are so many laws, infinitum. The divisions, [indistinct] infinitum.

Svarup Damodar: Actually, all physical laws are discovered by mathematics. Beyond our imagination.

 

Morning Walk with Disciples, September 28, 1972, Los Angeles

[Murali_Mohan_das]

I understand that science has *not* definitively stated whether expansion continues indefinitely. There are a number of theories, including "The Big Crunch" and the "Big Bounce".

 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe#Big_Crunch

[theist]

 

The force that makes the Universe expand comes from the exhaling of Maha-Vishnu.

This is the essential point. What is the life-force that is the the animating energy? And does this life-force have a source (Energetic). This is THE question rather we are talking about the expanding universe or the expansion of our human lungs.

 

It is not enough to understand the kinetics and physical laws of what takes place when we breath. An essential question is why does breathing only take place in a living body? Dead bodies do not breath and that is one of the signs that death has occured. The life has gone and all symptoms of it as well.

 

From there it is only one step (Vamana size) to Krsna the universal soul. What is true in the micro (human form) is a sample of what is true in the universal form.

 

This is where we must focus when speaking to scientific minded people. We run a risk of being drawn into their labyrinth of endless speculations and theories.

 

We must bring them to our ground where aham brahmasmi offers us solid footing as the basis of real knowledge.

 

They don't even have a glimpse of what is life. They spend all their time following and trying to analyze the moving shadow and never ask themselves why the shadow is moving.

 

So we must raise the question for them.

[gHari]

Glad to see you back, Eminem. Not all advice is good, no matter how good it sounds.

[suchandra]

 

I understand that science has *not* definitively stated whether expansion continues indefinitely. There are a number of theories, including "The Big Crunch" and the "Big Bounce".

 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe#Big_Crunch

Don't know if wikipedia is a trustworthy platform presenting modern science, at least NASA speaks of an expanding Universe. They also don't present it as a theory but something that can be measured, "we are finally entering an era of precision cosmology."

 

<center>Hubble Measures the Expanding Universe</center>

 

<center>Latest results from the Hubble Space Telescope pin down the age of the Universe</center>

 

<center>FROM A NASA HQ PRESS RELEASE

http://science.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/ast25may99_1.htm

</center>

The Hubble Space Telescope Key Project Team today announced that it has completed efforts to measure precise distances to far- flung galaxies, an essential ingredient needed to determine the age, size and fate of the universe.

 

Right: A NASA Hubble Space Telescope (HST) view of the magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4603, the most distant galaxy in which a special class of pulsating stars called Cepheid variables have been found. Researchers found 36-50 Cepheids and used their observed properties to securely determine the distance to NGC 4603. Observations of distant Cepheids such as those in NGC 4603 also help astronomers to precisely measure the expansion rate of the Universe (more information).

"Before Hubble, astronomers could not decide if the universe was 10 billion or 20 billion years old," said team leader Wendy Freedman of the Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. "The size scale of the universe had a range so vast that it didn't allow astronomers to confront with any certainty many of the most basic questions about the origin and eventual fate of the cosmos. After all these years, we are finally entering an era of precision cosmology. Now we can more reliably address the broader picture of the universe's origin, evolution and destiny."

 

The team's precise measurements are the key to learning about the universe's rate of expansion, called Hubble's constant. Measuring Hubble's constant was one of the three major goals for NASA's Hubble Space Telescope when it was launched in 1990.

 

For the past 70 years astronomers have sought a precise measurement of Hubble's constant, ever since astronomer Edwin Hubble realized that galaxies were rushing away from each other at a rate proportional to their distance, i.e. the farther away, the faster the recession. For many years, right up until the launch of the Hubble telescope -- the range of measured values for the expansion rate was from 50 to 100 kilometers per second per megaparsec (a megaparsec, or mpc, is 3.26 million light years).

The team measured the Hubble Constant to be 70 km/sec/mpc, with an uncertainty of 10 percent. This means that a galaxy appears to be moving 160,000 miles per hour faster for every 3.3 million light-years away from Earth.

 

Left: Astronomer Wendy Freedman and her collaborators have used pulsating stars called Cepheids to measure the distance to galaxies like the Fornax cluster barred spiral galaxy NGC1365. The ground based photo (left) shows an inset locating the HST image (right) which Freedman and team have used to identify some 50 Cepheids. Their distance and velocity measurements of these and other Cepheids determine Hubble's constant to be about 70 kilometers per second per megaparsec.

<!--NOEDIT--><include file="NewHeadlines.html"></include><table align="right" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="140"> <tbody><tr><td bgcolor="#ffffe8"><center>Recent Headlines

December 3: Mars Polar Lander nears touchdown

December 2: What next, Leonids?

November 30: Polar Lander Mission Overview

November 30: Learning how to make a clean sweep in space

</center></td></tr></tbody></table> <!--/NOEDIT--> "The truth is out there, and we will find it," said Dr. Robert Kirshner of Harvard University. "We used to disagree by a factor of two; now we are just as passionate about ten percent. A factor of two is like being unsure if you have one foot or two. Ten percent is like arguing about one toe. It's a big step forward." Added Robert Kennicutt of the University of Arizona, a co-leader of the team: "Things are beginning to add up. The factor-of-two controversy is over."

The team used the Hubble telescope to observe 18 galaxies out to 65 million light-years. They discovered almost 800 Cepheid variable stars, a special class of pulsating star used for accurate distance measurement. Although Cepheids are rare, they provide a very reliable "standard candle" for estimating intergalactic distances. The team used the stars to calibrate many different methods for measuring distances.

"Our results are a legacy from the Hubble telescope that will be used in a variety of future research," said Jeremy Mould of the Australian National University, also a co-leader of the team. "It's exciting to see the different methods of measuring galaxy distances converge, calibrated by the Hubble Space Telescope."

 

<table align="left" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="125"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"> <center>

Sign up for our EXPRESS SCIENCE NEWS delivery</center></td> </tr> </tbody></table>Combining Hubble's constant measurement with estimates for the density of the universe, the team determined that the universe is approximately 12 billion years old -- similar to the oldest stars. This discovery clears up a nagging paradox that arose from previous age estimates. The researchers emphasize that the age estimate holds true if the universe is below the so-called 'critical density' where it is delicately balanced between expanding forever or collapsing. Alternatively, the universe is pervaded by a mysterious 'dark force' pushing the galaxies farther apart, in which case the Hubble measurements point to an even older universe.

 

The universe's age is calculated using the expansion rate from precise distance measurements, and the calculated age is refined based on whether the universe appears to be accelerating or decelerating, given the amount of matter observed in space. A rapid expansion rate indicates the universe did not require as much time to reach its present size, and so it is younger than if it were expanding more slowly.

 

The Hubble Space Telescope Key Project Team is an international group of 27 astronomers from 13 different U.S. and international institutions. The Space Telescope Science Institute is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. for NASA, under contract with NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD.

[suchandra]

Scientists who discovered an ever-expanding universe have been

honoured with a top science prize.

 

</pre>Ever-expanding universe nets top prize

 

<!--PRINT_CONTENT_END--> <table align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="98%"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td width="50%"><!--PRINT_CONTENT_START-->

 

Anna Salleh

 

ABC Science Online

 

<!--PRINT_CONTENT_END--></td> <td align="right" valign="top" width="50%"><!--PRINT_CONTENT_START--> Wednesday, 18 July 2007

 

<!--PRINT_CONTENT_END--> </td> </tr> </tbody></table>

<!--PRINT_CONTENT_START--><table class="photo" align="right" border="0" cellpadding="5" width="1%"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> Nearly three-quarters of the universe is made up of dark energy, say scientists who have won a top cosmology prize for their research into the expanding universe (Image: iStockphoto)

</td> </tr> </tbody></table>Scientists who discovered the fingerprint of mysterious dark energy in the form of an ever-expanding universe have been honoured with a top science prize.

 

Two international teams of scientists share the US$500,000 Gruber Cosmology Prize for their discovery, which radically changed our model of the universe.

 

Astronomers long assumed the universe would slowly stop expanding, says Dr Brian Schmidt of the Mount Stromlo Observatory at the Australian National University.

 

So when in 1998 Schimdt's High-z Supernova Search Team and the rival Supernova Cosmology Project announced expansion was accelerating, it came as a bit of a shock.

 

"An accelerating universe was a crazy result that was hard to accept," the Gruber Foundation said in announcing the prize.

 

Astronomers used to assume the universe would slowly stop expanding because they thought the pull of gravitational attraction would act like a brake.

 

It was this assumption that triggered Schmidt team's use of universal expansion to calculate how much matter there was in the universe.

 

The researchers used the movement of distant supernovae to track the expected slowdown in expansion, with the aim of then deducing out how much matter there was.

 

But instead the researchers found expansion had been accelerating over the past 5 or 6 billion years.

 

The observations pointed to an idea that Albert Einstein first proposed in 1917, that there was some form of energy - now known as dark energy - that was tied to space itself and would repulse itself under the effect of gravity.

 

Support for 'a fringe idea'

 

Schmidt says this theory was considered to be very much "a fringe idea" at the time his team made the first direct observation of its effects, so the discovery was unsettling.

 

He says they checked and checked again to make sure they had not made a mistake.

 

"But I was still scared that somehow we had just missed something," Schmidt says.

 

And it wasn't helped when at one stage he thought the rival team had found the exact opposite.

 

But after years of neck and neck competition both teams announced the same finding.

 

Dark energy is now estimated to make up 72% of the universe's density with conventional matter making up just 4%, says Schmidt.

 

The rest is dark matter, which can't be seen directly but which has gravitational effects on visible matter.

 

Connecting forces of nature

 

Schmidt says he is now trying to observe dark energy in more detail.

 

"We're trying to track very accurately its behaviour back in time and see if it really is tied exactly to space, as Einstein would have suggested, or whether or not it varies a little back in time."

 

Schmidt says understanding dark energy could help physicists combine the theory of quantum mechanics (the theory of the very small) with the theory of gravity (the theory of the very large).

 

"People are hoping that this dark energy is some sort of manifestation of the interplay between gravity and quantum mechanics," he says.

 

"Tying down what this dark energy is we could solve one of physic's greatest troubles: how to join all the forces of nature into one story."

 

20 billion years left for cosmology

 

If the universe does continue to expand into infinity, distant supernovae will be harder to see, which has implications for cosmologists like Schmidt, who rely on these as reliable light sources to study dark energy.

 

But there's a little time left before he's out of a job.

 

"I would say cosmology will remain doable for at least the next 20 billion years," says Schmidt.

 

Among the other prize recipients are Dr Brian Boyle of CSIRO's Australia Telescope National Facility in Sydney and Professor Warrick Couch of Swinburne University in Melbourne.

 

 

 

</pre>

[cbrahma]

The breathing of Maha Vishnu exhales universes ...from his pores?

The universes themselves don't expand from what I have read.

Even the Garbhodakasayi Visnu 's breathing doesn't expand the individual universes according the Bhagavatam account.

I don't get it.

[suchandra]

 

The breathing of Maha Vishnu exhales universes ...from his pores?

The universes themselves don't expand from what I have read.

Even the Garbhodakasayi Visnu 's breathing doesn't expand the individual universes according the Bhagavatam account.

I don't get it.

 

Where have you read that the universes don't expand?

[cbrahma]

 

Where have you read that the universes don't expand?

I haven't read that they don't. I have never read that they do.

[suchandra]

This I just got from Kolkata,

 

Surya Sadhak Sree Viswanarayan

International Sun Consciousness Research Center

Surya Krishna Production

19A, 4th Floor, Leslie House, Jawaharlal Nehru Road

Kolkata - 700087. They say at, Vishnu / Mahavishnu – The Progenitor Of The Universe

http://www.suryasadhakviswanarayan.com/images/beholderoftheuniverse.htm

 

 

"As long as one breath of MahaVishnu is exhaled, the universe exists for that time span only.

 

Actually what modern science boasts of knowing today, our Veda Rishis found it long ago.

 

The MahaVishnu’s theory on Breath exhaling is nothing but the Red Spectra Galactic Shift which presents a picture of expanding Universe.

 

As long as MahaVishnu exhales, the Universe expands, when He stops, the Universe stops expanding and when inhales, the Universe begins to recede."

[cbrahma]

 

This I just got from Kolkata,

 

Surya Sadhak Sree Viswanarayan

International Sun Consciousness Research Center

Surya Krishna Production

19A, 4th Floor, Leslie House, Jawaharlal Nehru Road

Kolkata - 700087. They say at, Vishnu / Mahavishnu – The Progenitor Of The Universe

http://www.suryasadhakviswanarayan.com/images/beholderoftheuniverse.htm

 

 

"As long as one breath of MahaVishnu is exhaled, the universe exists for that time span only.

 

Actually what modern science boasts of knowing today, our Veda Rishis found it long ago.

 

The MahaVishnu’s theory on Breath exhaling is nothing but the Red Spectra Galactic Shift which presents a picture of expanding Universe.

 

As long as MahaVishnu exhales, the Universe expands, when He stops, the Universe stops expanding and when inhales, the Universe begins to recede."

What universe? There are unlimited universes. MahaVisnu is not within those universes - it is Garbodakshayi Visnu in each of them.

[suchandra]

 

I haven't read that they don't. I have never read that they do.

Well then, just accept this, by the breathing of Maha-Vishnu all the universes are generated in seed form and gradually develop into gigantic forms with innumerable planets within each.

[suchandra]

 

What universe? There are unlimited universes. MahaVisnu is not within those universes - it is Garbodakshayi Visnu in each of them.

It doesn't say that Maha-Vishnu is within those Universes.

[cbrahma]

 

It doesn't say that Maha-Vishnu is within those Universes.

So how do you get that his breathing has anything to do with the expansion of each universe?

[suchandra]

 

So how do you get that his breathing has anything to do with the expansion of each universe?

 

Thanks for asking this question, this is the text of the topic, Puzzled Over The Expansion Of The Universe, because nobody seems to have the answer.

[suchandra]

Whereas at Krishnascience.com they say, the seedlike universes come out through the pores of Maha Vishnu and then expand.

 

http://krishnascience.com/Vaisnava%20Library/Courses%20-%20seminars/Purana%20introduction.htm

 

1) MAHA VISNU lies on the causal ocean which apppears in one corner of the spiritual world. He manifests the mahat tattva (or the sum total of material energy). It is into this mahat tattva that He exhales all of the seedlike universes through the pores of His skin. These seedlike universes then expand as the different material elements form coverings around them. Each of the coverings is ten times thicker than the previous covering and form a shell-like covering.

Prabhupada says, "Similarly, these universes are coming from the breathing of the Maha-Vishnu, and again it will wind up when it is inhaled" - he says, the universes are coming from the breathing, but he doesn't go into further detail.

[Murali_Mohan_das]

 

Glad to see you back, Eminem. Not all advice is good, no matter how good it sounds.

 

Thanks. As Mahaksa Prabhu has been trying to do, I hope to be back in a more limited (i.e. less contentious) fashion.

 

As you (or anybody who's paid attention for a while) know, scientific theories tend to change the same way fashion does. They go out of vogue and come back in vogue as their proponents' stars ascend and descend.

 

The whole open/closed theory of the Big Bang has gone around and around any number of times. Right now, it appears that the open theory is in vogue.

[Murali_Mohan_das]

 

Don't know if wikipedia is a trustworthy platform presenting modern science

If you don't trust Wikipedia, feel free to reference any of the primary sources cited at the end of most Wikipedia articles. They tend to be more authoritative.

[Murali_Mohan_das]

 

at least NASA speaks of an expanding Universe

 

When quoting NASA, it might be good to consider the recent flap over Anthropogenic Global Warming and NASA's (political appointee) director's differences with NASA's climate scientists.

 

http://oversight.house.gov/story.asp?ID=1214

[Murali_Mohan_das]

 

Scientists who discovered an ever-expanding universe have been

honoured with a top science prize.

 

Yep. They won the popularity contest.

[Vikram Ramsundar]

 

Thanks. As Mahaksa Prabhu has been trying to do, I hope to be back in a more limited (i.e. less contentious) fashion.

 

As you (or anybody who's paid attention for a while) know, scientific theories tend to change the same way fashion does. They go out of vogue and come back in vogue as their proponents' stars ascend and descend.

 

The whole open/closed theory of the Big Bang has gone around and around any number of times. Right now, it appears that the open theory is in vogue.

 

The Big Bang theory in its original form has been more or less discounted by cosmologists. However, the basic model of it does survive, albeit in a radically modified structure, and has been subsumed within the larger, now more fashionable string or superstring formula.

 

I also think that the musings of William James Sydis on the nature and origin of the universe are quite compelling. The gist of his writings centre around his posited axiom that there is no traceable genesis for the cosmos as we know it. In other words, it has always been and shall forever continue to be. Unconventional but searching nevertheless!

[Svarupa]

 

Just as you have said, Maha-Vishnu, through Hs transcendental pours, is still breathing out so natually the universe is expanding. It is certainly not expandng from 'so called' new souls being created or generated from the Brahmajytoti (an old wifes tale), that is not possible because ALL living beings are eternal without beginning or end.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE DREAMING MAHA-VISHNU.

 

And His mahat-tattva universe coming from the pours of His Skin that continuously expand the material universes until He begins to breath in.

 

 

 

"As long as one breath of MahaVishnu is exhaled, the universe exists for that time span only.

 

Actually what modern science boasts of knowing today, our Veda Rishis found it long ago.

 

As long as MahaVishnu exhales, the Universe expands, when He stops, the Universe stops expanding and when inhales, the Universe begins to recede."

[suchandra]

 

"As long as one breath of MahaVishnu is exhaled, the universe exists for that time span only.

 

Actually what modern science boasts of knowing today, our Veda Rishis found it long ago.

 

As long as MahaVishnu exhales, the Universe expands, when He stops, the Universe stops expanding and when inhales, the Universe begins to recede."

Well, I found this quote at http://www.suryasadhakviswanarayan.com/images/beholderoftheuniverse.htm

but the honoured Vaishnava members of this forum don't consider this as authoritative. Probably again another case of becoming realistic and be satisfied with what is clearly stated in sastra. The theory of an expanding universe was therefore rejected by the forum members. Infact Mohan even rejected that modern science accepts an expanding universe. And even when it says in the purport, see below, the universes become enlarged, the conclusion is drawn that this doesn't say anthing.

 

Bhaktivedanta VedaBase: Śrī Brahma-saḿhitā 5.13

 

tad-roma-bila jāleṣu

bījaḿ sańkarṣaṇasya ca

haimāny aṇḍāni jātāni

mahā-bhūtāvṛtāni tu

 

SYNONYMS

 

tat — of Him (Mahā-Viṣṇu); roma-bila-jāleṣu — in the pores of the skin; bījam — the seeds; sańkarṣaṇasya — of Sańkarṣaṇa; ca — and; haimāni — golden; aṇḍāni — eggs or sperms; jāta-ni — born; mahā-bhūta — by the five great elements; āvṛtāni — covered; tu — certainly.

 

TRANSLATION

 

The spiritual seeds of Sańkarṣaṇa existing in the pores of skin of Mahā-Viṣṇu, are born as so many golden sperms. These sperms are covered with five great elements.

 

PURPORT

 

The prime divine avatāra lying in the spiritual Causal Ocean is such a great affair that in the pores of His divine form spring up myriads of seeds of the universes. Those series of universes are the perverted reflections of the infinite transcendental region. As long as they remain embedded in His divine form they embody the principle of spiritual reflection having the form of golden eggs. Nevertheless by the creative desire of Mahā-Viṣṇu the minute particles of the great elements, which are constituents of the mundane efficient and material causal principles, envelop them. When those golden sperms, coming out with the exhalation of Mahā-Viṣṇu, enter into the unlimited accommodating chamber of the limited potency (Māyā) they become enlarged by the nonconglomerate great elements.

 

http://vedabase.net/bs/5/13/en