Guest guest Posted September 24, 2005 Report Share Posted September 24, 2005 Dear Sampath Koundinya Gaaru, In deference to your request, I post this article on Navaratri. The festival of Dassera, also known as Vijayadashmi, is one of the fascinating festivals of India and is celebrated with joy and enthusiasm for ten continuous days. The first nine nights are spent in the worship of goddess Durga and hence these nights are known as "Navaratri". This festival falls in the month of Ashwin (September / October). The tenth day of the Dassera day is in honour of Durga Devi. The tribal communities also worship Durga as the presiding deity of Navaratri. The farmers invoke her blessings because this festival coincides with the period of rest and leisure after their strenuous work in the fields. The farmers with her blessings wait with tremendous hopes for a bountiful harvest. The story of the creation of this goddess is also very interesting. The gods in heaven decided to create an all-powerful being to kill the demon king Mahishasur who was ready to attack them. At that very moment a stream of lightning dazzled forth from the mouths of Brahma, Vishnu and Mahesh and it turned into a beautiful, magnificent woman with ten hands. Then all the gods furnished her with their special weapons. Those weapons and armour are very artistically carved in the ancient sculptures of this goddess in Java. The image of Durga, the Eternal Mother destroying the demon, Mahishasur on Chamundi Hills near Mysore is symbolic of the final confrontation of the spiritual urge of man with his baser passions. This goddess Durga as Lord Shiva's Consort represents two forms of female energy - one mild and protective and the other fierce and destructive. Dassera festival is also known as Durgotsav and during the ten days, the many splendoured goddess Durga is worshipped in one of her many forms differently in different regions. With religious rituals and chantings of mantras followed by "KATHA" or story-telling told by Pandits who by reading passages from religious texts awaken religious fervour in the minds of the listeners. In Bengal and the neighbouring states of Assam and Orissa Durga devi is worshipped by name of Kali as a symbol of Shakti before whom animal sacrifices were made. Her dance of conquest is famous in our ancient texts. As per the orthodox Hindu conceptions, the personality of one deity cannot be entirely separated from that of another. As such in some regions all the three principal goddesses - Durga, Lakshmi and Saraswati are worshipped during this festival, each for 3 days of the Navaratri. As per our great epic Mahabharat, Pandavas after wandering in the forest for 12 years, hung their weapons on a Shami tree before entering the court of king Virat to spend the last one year in disguise. After the completion of that year on Vijayadashmi the day of Dassera they brought down the weapons from the Shami tree and declared their true identity. Since that day the exchange of Shami leaves on Dassera day became symbols of good, will and victory. The founder of the Hindu Swarajya Chatrapati Shivaji before any military expedition always invoked the blessings of Durga in the form of his goddess Bhawani. The Sikh guru Gobind Singh introduced the worship of Durga into his cult of the sword. This festival has immense mythological significance. As per Ramayan, Ram did "chandi-puja and invoked the blessings of Durga to kill Ravana, the ten-headed king of Lanka who had abducted Seeta and had charmed life. Durga divulged the secret to Ram how he could kill Ravana. Then after vanquishing him, Ram with Seeta and Laxman returned victorious to his kingdom of Ayodhya on Dassera day. Therefore, the festival of Durgotsava and Dassera is celebrated more in honour of Prabhu Ramchandra than Durgadevi in many regions of India and recitations from Ramayan and dances and dramas depicting the exploits of Ram assume great importance. These Ramlila shows are very popular in Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and to an extent in Maharashtra and effigies of king Ravana, his brother, Kumbhakarna and his son, Meghnath are burnt. During the pre-British period, the powerful Hindu rulers used to celebrate Dassera in right royal fashion and start military expeditions on this Dassera day against their enemies or recalcitrant vassals. With the arrival of the British, Hindu rulers could not indulge in military activities yet Dassera was celebrated with the old pomp and pageant of full military parades of all arms in the capitals of Hindu states when the Rajas and Maharajas personally took the salute, Trumpets blared militant notes, war drums sounded their loudest and soldiers looked martial. The procession of Dassera taken out in Mysore is always remembered for its grandeur. With independence and the disappearance of princely states these ancient pageants are dying out and Dassera is becoming more democratic than regal. Dassera day is considered a most auspicious day. It is a time-honoured belief that if any new venture is started on this day, it is bound to be successful. Hence, all the undertakings be it laying-in of foundation of a new building, opening of a new commercial establishment or even initiating a child into the world of learning- are started on this day. Also on this day implements of agriculture, manufacturer's machines, the intellectuals pens, the household articles, the children's school books are placed before the idol of Durga and worshipped. The revolutionaries who followed the "CULT OF THE BOMB" to free their motherland from the slavery of the British imperialism looked up to Durgadevi for success in their mission. Even to-day in free India, Durga's blessings are invoked and Dassera is celebrated all over the country. These celebrations involve inter-Asia visits to temples like Meenakshi at Madras, Kamakshi at Conjivaram, Annapurna at Benares, Mumbadevi and Mahalaxmi at Mumbai and signify the triumph of good, of piety and devotion over all the forces of evil. Following is the recipe for preparing MALPUAS Ingredients: 3 cups of fine wheat flour1 cup fine semolina (Suji) 2 cups grated jaggery (gur)2 Tablespoons ghee 1 Tablespoon peppercorns 2 cups milk1 Lime 1 Tablespoon curd Pinch each of salt and soda. Method: Place the flour & the semolina in a dekchi along with the milk, curds, jaggery and the pinch of salt. Beat at least for 5 to 7 minutes so that the mixture becomes light and fluggy. Pound the peppercorns coarsely & add to the mixture. Heat 2 tablespoons of ghee and pour over the mixture. Mix well, cover the dekchi and let stand for 7/8 hours in a warm place. The mixture would have risen by this time. Stir it well. If it is thick, add a little milk or water to bring it to the pouring consistency. Add and blend in it the pinch of soda and juice lime. Place a deep frying pan with lot of ghee in it, when it is heated lower the fire, gently put in 1 tablespoon of the ready balter into the heated ghee. Fry to a golden brown colour on both sides. While frying splash to make it porous and crisp. Take out with a slotted spoon & place in a strainer so that the extra ghee drips down. Thus fry all the Malpuas. They can be stored for a week or so "Nava-ratri" literally means "nine nights." This festival is observed twice a year, once in the beginning of summer and again at the onset of winter. What's the Significance of Navratri?During Navaratri, we invoke the energy aspect of God in the form of the universal mother, commonly referred to as "Durga," which literally means the remover of miseries of life. She is also referred to as "Devi" (goddess) or "Shakti" (energy or power). It is this energy, which helps God to proceed with the work of creation, preservation and destruction. In other words, you can say that God is motionless, absolutely changeless, and the Divine Mother Durga, does everything. Truly speaking, our worship of Shakti re-confirms the scientific theory that energy is imperishable. It cannot be created or destroyed. It is always there. Why Worship the Mother Goddess?We think this energy is only a form of the Divine Mother, who is the mother of all, and all of us are her children. "Why mother; why not father?", you may ask. Let me just say that we believe that God's glory, his cosmic energy, his greatness and supremacy can best be depicted as the motherhood aspect of God. Just as a child finds all these qualities in his or her mother, similarly, all of us look upon God as mother. In fact, Hinduism is the only religion in the world, which gives so much importance to the mother aspect of God because we believe that mother is the creative aspect of the absolute. Why Twice a Year?Every year the beginning of summer and the beginning of winter are two very important junctures of climatic change and solar influence. These two junctions have been chosen as the sacred opportunities for the worship of the divine power because:(1) We believe that it is the divine power that provides energy for the earth to move around the sun, causing the changes in the outer nature and that this divine power must be thanked for maintaining the correct balance of the universe.(2) Due to the changes in the nature, the bodies and minds of people undergo a considerable change, and hence, we worship the divine power to bestow upon all of us enough potent powers to maintain our physical and mental balance. Why Nine Nights & Days?Navaratri is divided into sets of three days to adore different aspects of the supreme goddess. On the first three days, the Mother is invoked as powerful force called Durga in order to destroy all our impurities, vices and defects. The next three days, the Mother is adored as a giver of spiritual wealth, Lakshmi, who is considered to have the power of bestowing on her devotees the inexhaustible wealth. The final set of three days is spent in worshipping the mother as the goddess of wisdom, Saraswati. In order have all-round success in life, we need the blessings of all three aspects of the divine mother; hence, the worship for nine nights. Why Do You Need the Power? She will bestow on you wealth, auspiciousness, prosperity, knowledge, and other potent powers to cross every hurdle of life. Remember, everyone in this world worships power, i.e., Durga, because there is no one who does not love and long for power in some form or the other. The Hindu calendar is full of festivals; Navaratri among them is the longest. In addition to the nine nights as its name implies ( nava = nine, ratri = nights) , there is an additional tenth day – Vijaya Dasami! It is essentially a festival of victory - victory of good over evil. During this period, Durga, Lakshmi and Saraswati are worshipped as three different manifestations of Shakti or Cosmic energy. The festival commemorates the victory of the goddess Durga (an incarnation of Parvati, consort of Shiva) over the demon Mahishasura. The term Devi represents the divine power that has taken the passionate (raajasic) form to suppress the forces of evil and protect the serene (satvic) qualities. When the forces of injustice, immorality, and untruth have grown to monstrous proportions and are indulging in a death-dance, when selfishness and self-interest are rampant, when men have lost all sense of kindness and compassion, the Aathmic principle assumes the form of Sakthi, takes on the passionate (raajasic) quality, and seeks to destroy the evil elements. This is the inner meaning of the Dasara festival, as navaratri is also called. Navaratri aptly starts on the first day after Amavasya, the New Moon day. The moon was steadily waning and reached its last stage of losing all the luster from the bright Sun. In Hindu mythology, the unsteady mind with its varying moods and modes is represented by the waxing/ waning moon. In the ideal state, the mind must be always illumined by Divine Knowledge represented by the Sun. But due to ignorance, we manage to cast upon it the dark shadow of our selfish ego which is bent upon fulfilling its worldly selfish desires. As a result, we progressively descend into the depths of spiritual darkness comparable to the full moon steadily declining over the fortnight into Amavasya or New-moon. Hope still exists because the Sun of knowledge continues to shine in the deep recesses of our hearts. We have only to know this, make a determination and reach it with great effort, overcoming the obstacles in the way caused by our misdirected ego The Hindu mythology is replete with instances of fierce battles between gods and demons. The demons would prove quite a handful for Indra's (the king of gods) army. They would undergo penance for years invoking one of the Gods of the Trinity mostly Shiva, the most gullible of the three. Armed with a boon, they would make a beeline for heaven. The panic stricken gods would run to Lord Vishnu to bail them out. But very often these demons are armed with a boon making them invincible. Sambhu was one such devious demon. Along with his equally mighty brother Nisambhu, he was driving the gods crazy. Even Lord Vishnu could not help the beleaguered gods. They solicited the advice of sage Medha, who told them that only Devi Mahamaya (Goddess Durga) could rescue them from the asuras. The gods combined their spiritual strength and gave birth to the mighty "dasabhuja" (ten-headed) Goddess Durga. Thus the goddess Durga was created by the three gods - Brahma, Vishnu, Maheshwara (Shiva) - for destroying the demons. As the legend goes, Durga went to their kingdom in the form of a beautiful woman. Blinded by her beauty, the demon kings propose to her. She agrees on condition that they would have to defeat her in war. The brothers, unaware of her identity, agree instantly. The war begins. The demons send their most powerful representative, Mahishasura in the form of a buffalo, to fight Durga. The buffalo represents the lower animal instincts in man in an aggressive form. The goddess represents the higher, nobler tendencies, also in an aggressive form - the form of Durga, she vanquishes all the demons in the end, including Raktabeeja, their commander-in-chief. in-chief. Mahishasura (Mahisha = Bull; asura = demon, our indisciplined self).. The Bull is characterized by great inertia and also great rage –our own ego. The slaying of this demon by Mahishasuramardhini (another name for Durga) symbolizes the taming of this ego-bull and putting it to productive use in the service of God. See how the same Bull under the total control of its master Shiva becomes Nandi whom we worship – Nandi always faces the Lord and is eternally in the service of the L ord. The Durga Shakthi, if invoked through prayer, will help us to yoke our ego and plow the spiritual field for us. Dassera is a ten-day festival and each of the first nine nights (navaratri) is dedicated to a different aspect of the goddess Durga. 1st day : Shaiputri: Navi-Ratri commences with the first night devoted to a puja for Shaiputri, the daughter of Himavan. Her two hands, display a trident and a lotus. She is mounted upon a bull (also Lord Shiva’s vehicle) 2nd day : Bramacharini : One hand holds a ‘Kumbha’ or water pot and the other a rosary. She personifies love and loyalty. 3rd day : Chadraghanta: Worshipped on the third night this Durga-Shakti is astride a tiger, displays a golden hue to her skin, possesses ten hands and three eyes. Eight of her hands display weapons while the remaining two are respectively in the mudras or gestures of boon- giving and stopping harm. 4th day : Kushmanda: The fourth night begins the worship of Kushmanda, possessed of eight arms, holding weapons and a maalaa or rosary. Her mount is a tiger and she emanates a solar-like 5th day : Skandamata: Using a lion as a vehicle she holds her son, Skanda, in her lap while displaying three eyes and fours: Two hands hold lotuses while the other two hands respectively display defending and granting gestures. 6th day : Kartyayani: Daughter of the sage Katya, this sixth shakti is also astride a lion with three eyes and eight arms clasping battle implements. Her complexion is golden coloured. 7th day : Kalaratri: Black skin with bountiful hair and four hands: two hands are clutching a cleaver and a torch, while the remaining to are in the mudras of ‘giving’ and ‘protecting’. Her vahana (vehicle) is a faithful donkey. 8th day : Mahagauri: Four arms with the fairest complexion of all the Durga-Shaktis. Peace and compassion radiate from her being and she is often dressed in a white or green sari. She holds a drum and a trident and is often depicted riding a bull (Lord Shiva’s vahana). 9th day : Siddhihatri : Ensconced upon a lotus, most commonly, with four arms, and is the possessor of twenty-six different wishes to grant her worshipers. The tenth day, Vijaya Dasami, marks the triumphant ovation of the soul at having attained liberation while living in this world, through the descent of knowledge by the Grace of Goddess Saraswathi. The soul rests in his own Supreme Self or Satchidananda Brahman. This day celebrates the victory, the achievement of the goal. The banner of victory flies aloft. Lo! I am He! I am He! According to yet another tradition, The first three nights are dedicated to the goddess of action and energy. Her different manifestations viz Kumari, Parvati and Kali are worshipped during these days. They represent the three natures/ classes of womanhood - the virgin young girl, auspicious wife/ mother and the angry old hag ! This is not a criticism of women, just a classification. It helps us recognise the different aspects of our own nature. Lakshmi is worshipped for the next three days in her various aspects as the goddesses of peace, plenty and bliss. Fulfilment is more important than wealth itself. As the goddess of wealth, she governs not just the bank balance, but also such basic things as family, friends, food etc. (read my article on wealth on my site.) Saraswati is the goddess of knowledge. Not just the knowledge of how to earn a living, but how to "live" aswell. She is the goddess of the spiritual knowledge and the knowledge that frees us from this bind of Samsara. She is worshipped during the final three days of the Navratri. The nine nights are there for us to revel in the knowledge of the goddesses that live within us, imbibing us with their spiritual energy and power. Used for the good, they help liberate us from the mire of this world. Use these energies unwisely, and they will snare us in the maya of this world.We should meditate of these aspects of the nine nights, that was the reason they originally came into being. Ofcourse, much has been "added on" since and the nine nights are now as commercial as any other festival. The Gujaratis enjoy the nine nights by dancing them away to the blare of loud music and scant attention is given to the spiritual aspect of the festival. Even the Durga Puja of the Bengalis has been hijacked by commercialism. If you want more info on Kali or Lakshmi and their various aspects, please read the articles on my site - or indeed follow the links to other sites that have info on Hindu gods Usually, certain "sacrifices" or personal offerings are made during the nine days, such as giving up some certain food or drink or something you are accustomed to having or doing each day. Some people restrict themselves to only one meal per day throughout the nine days. Some give up their favorite beverage, like coffee or tea; in the West, some give up watching TV or some other daily ritual they usually engage in. (All of you Catholics can relate to "giving up things" for Lent.) You could also add something you donÌt usually do, such as reading the "Sapta Sati" or parts of the "Ramayana" or "Mahabharata" or other sacred scripture for 20 to 30 minutes each of the nine days. Whatever it is you choose, the idea is that each time you think of this thing you are doing, you offer up that thought and say a prayer to Divine Mother to increase your devotion to Her. If you can continue your "Sadhna" for the full 9 days, there is a special reward from Divine Mother that happens on either the 9th or 10th day. She promises "a personal physical experience" of Her. This is individualized and only you will know what it is and when it has happened. It is up to you if you want to share it with anyone else after it happens. For some people it makes it more "real" to share, for some it is more powerful to keep silent about it. The fifth day is considered to be the "turning point" day, when the cleansing/purification aspects are complete. The rest of the 9 days get a little easier to handle on the day when the Celebration is more than half completed. The energy of each day is building so that by the end of the Navaratri there is much energy generated, each Fire Ceremony becoming more filled with Shakti (Divine Energy). For the highest benefits and greatest results of Navaratri, it is best to begin with the first day of Navaratri and go all the way to the end without missing any of the ceremonies. This requires some personal commitment and is definitely worth whatever it takes for you to be able to do it. Think of the great personal commitment and sacrifice performed by Divine Mother in Her care of each of us each day! It is awesome! Try to obtain Divine Mother Rajarajeshwari Devi's vision on the tenth day. Will post more next article.... Yours yogically, Shreeram Balijepalli Literally 'nine nights', this nine-day period from the new moon day to the ninth day of Ashvin is considered the most auspicious time of the Hindu calendar and is hence the most celebrated time of the year. Although it has different names in different parts of India, Hindus from all regions celebrate it. From Kashmir in the north to Tamil Nadu in the south, and from Gujarat in the west to Sikkim in the east, it is celebrated with great enthusiasm as the conquest of good over evil. Every region has its own myths and reasons to explain this. The nine different aspects of Devi are worshipped over the nine days. These are the most popular forms under which she is worshipped: Durga: goddess beyond reach; Bhadrakali the auspicious power of time; Amba or Jagdamba: mother of the world; Annapurna: giver of food and plenty; Sarvamangala: auspicious goddess; Bhairavi: terrible, fearful, power of death; Chandika or Chandi: violent, wrathful, furious; Lalita: playful; and Bhavani: giver of existence. The festivities culminate on the tenth day, called variously Vijayadashmi, Dussehra or Dassain when people in most parts of the country burn effigies of Ravana, Meghanatha and Kumbhakarna. The nine-day period from the first to the ninth day in the bright fortnight of the month of Chaitra is also known as Navaratri and is dedicated to the worship of nine different aspects of Devi. These nine days are however, popular in north India only. The ninth day in this month is also celebrated as Ramanavami. During Navaratri some people fast on all days taking only fruit and milk dishes and some fast only on the eighth or ninth day. As the festival is dear to the mother goddess, on the eighth or ninth day many people invite over nine young girls from the neighborhood. These girls are treated as the goddess herself. People ceremonially wash their feet, worship them and then offer food to the "girl goddesses".On the first day of the Navaratri, grains of barley are planted in the puja room of the house. A small bed of mud is prepared in which barley seeds are sown after a small puja has been performed. Every day some water is sprinkled on it. On the tenth day, the shoots are about 3 - 5 inches in length. After the puja, these seedlings are pulled out and given to devotees as a blessing from god. The seedlings are placed on their caps, behind their ears, and inside books to bring good luck. This custom suggests a link to harvesting. The sowing and reaping of barley is symbolic of the "first fruit”. Soon after this festival, the sugarcane crop is harvested and the winter crops are sown Purity, Powers, Parabrahmam... Click to join Rajarajeshwari_Kalpataru Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted September 26, 2009 Report Share Posted September 26, 2009 DR.PRASAD P.R.K. <drprkprasadNAVARATRI"SREERAM BALJEPALLI" <para_anuloma, shreerambDate: Saturday, September 26, 2009, 2:45 AM Dear Shreeram garu,Om SRI MATRE NAMAHA !Why do different temples of DEVI MATA have different forms of alankaram on the same day ?While in Kanaka Durga temple in Vijayawada,it was annapoorna devi it was Gayatri Devi on the same day in another temple in the same town !.All these temples do NOT follow the same alankarams of Amma.Why ? Is it ignorance or arrogance ?There is a slokam which prescribes the different forms in which the Lordess is to be worshipped on all the 9 days(prathama Saila Putri,dwitiya Brahmacharini ........etc) .Then why all this confusion ?To me it is OK as I see the Lordess SRI VIDYA in all the forms.But I could NOT explain this question posed to me by my daughter !Please explain. Dear Prasad Garu, It is neither ignorance nor arrogance but a matter of tradition.There is nothing inherently wrong in this.It is not always rules,rules and rules which define ambA upAsanA.One's adherence to traditions as much as possible(in kaliyugA total adherence is not possible),love offered at Her feet,sAdhana before the deity,etc are more important that mere ephemeral alankArA. So, in an ancient temple which houses a deity like kanakadhurgAmbikA or chAmunDes'varI,they might have some tradition,whereas s'rIs'Aila BhramarAmbikA might have another tradition.Both can co-exist harmoniously.After we humans are so many,with so many tastes and likes(even with a family, of the same blood-source),so why cannot our multifarous deities have different forms,alankArAs,guNAs,etc? Tradition and mores dictate certain things alankArA does not have any mImAnsikA restriction as such much and people are free to indulge in traditional pursuits provided it is decent(Not some glitterati-kind of dresses as the northindians9and now even southindians in USA) put for every other divine function these days with mle'ChA scents(dravyA selection must be according to what the deity likes not some scent/spray like "Poision"!!),not gaudy(to attract attention),holy and done with s'raDdhA and pre'mA.The ultimate objective to induce sathvA and awe for the spledour of dhe'vI. The navarAthri deities(shAilaputhrI,brahmachArini,etc) which you mention is for durgA dhe'vI form,what about other manifestations of ambA? Each rUpA has an alankAra-gunA and needs to be respected.We have s'lOkAs for not just dhurgA but every deity for navarAthrI if one sees the agamA texts of temples.Just because dhurgA de'vI is popular and online,does not mean other deities do not have. Traditionally atleast you cannot use the decorations of dhurgA dhe'vI for s'rIvidhyA deity like rAjarAjes'varI ammavAru. It is as good as saying,"Lord rAmA and Lord krishnA both emnate from one nArayanA and hence, let me keep a flute on Lord rAmA's lips and a bow in krishnA's hands.There is no Bhe'dhA in murthI,so why in alankArA?Why cannot all be under one roof?" If someone says thus, it depicts only a lacunae in his or her brain(or in a very rare case, it might be one great yOgI inebriated with love for one particular deity,that He or She sees the deity in all.Such instances are one in a trillion and exceptions never make the rule.). However,there is a grain of truth in what your daughter said in exasperation.Maybe she did not express it properly. As a modern youngster I would have asked thus, if you were my father, " Yo!Dad! I see so many temples who, to attract 'customers'(read as: bhakthajanAs),do various marketing stunts in the name of alankArA.One day they put pomegranites on butter coating(proverbial 'icing on the cake?') and call it indrAkshI alankArA,yet another day I see one temple putting all kinds of fruits and vegetables and calling it s'AkamBharI alankArA,Yesterday I saw someone put a veenA(Indian lute) in CHinnamasthA's hands and call it s'yAmalA alankArA.Why the heck to they blare loudspeakers and cryout horrendous songs proclaiming their affiliation for ambA?...What is all this madness Dad? Why has spirituality in temples become a farce? Is this the way to inspire people? I better stick to my girl friend and beautify her,atleast she will be pleased and plant a kiss on me! I care 2 HOOTS(pun intented!) for all this kibosh!" Maybe you might then tell like a spiritual father should,"This is kaliyugA my boy! Be happy with your girlfriend and when you get sick of her,turn to Mother alone seeking a proper Guru and sAmpradhAyA in a meditative stance not these jokers! kaliyugA is filled with people who are s'is'naudharaparAyanAs(those who are dicated primarly by sexual and digestive organs) and thus predominance is given to lusty-gaudiness neglecting prathima lakshaNA and fruits ane vegetables.Atleast they are doing something according to their individual calibre instead of fighting with each other in the name of caste and creed,so we have to be happy here!" Maybe you are lucky,Im not your son! Yours yogically, Shreeram Balijepalli «·´`·.(*·.¸(`·.¸ ¸.·´)¸.·*).·´`·» «....Hreem Rajarajeshwari!....» «·´`·.(¸.·*(¸.·´ `·.¸)*·.¸).·´`·» Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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