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I'm an Indian-American, born and raised in Queens, but

frequently " frequenting " my parents' Calcutta home. Growing up this

way, I've been a keen observer and comparer of American and Indian

culture, both of which I relate to, of course.

 

The thing that has bothered me is this: America is founded on

patriarchy, socially and religion-wise- yet most women have more

opportunities and freedom in this country than anywhere else in the

world (with the exception, perhaps, of certain European countries).

 

India is the land of Hinduism, the ONLY religion that celebrates

divinity as female, femaly fertility, sexuality, etc. So, why is it

that misogyny is so rampant in India? Indian men rarely give their

wives or girlfriends respect or affection, and Bollywood movies

pretty much show women as anything but powerful (which is why I'm not

a fan). Sons are preferred to daughters. I would think that a country

that worships Devi would be different.

 

On a semi-related note, I've been curious about the Victorian

attitudes about sex in India, the laws against public affection, etc.

How does this happen when people are raised on the mythology of

Krishna and his lovers, when there are temples such as Khajuraho

(sp?), and when we're the ones who came up with the KamaSutra? I've

never understood...

 

Salma

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Wendy Doniger, as usual, has a provocative

take on the matter of goddess worship and

the treatment of women:

 

'[....] [W]hen men as well as women do worship goddesses,

as they have done for centuries in many parts of India, the

religious texts and rituals clearly express the male fear of

female powers, and the male authors of those texts therefore

make even greater efforts to control women, as if to say, " god

help us all if these naturally powerful women get political

power as well. "

 

There is generally, therefore, an inverse ratio between the

worship of goddesses and the granting of rights to human

women. [....]

 

Goddesses are not, therefore, the solution. Equal respect for

human men and women is the solution.'

 

http://tinyurl.com/2vgdrn

 

[i'm not saying I agree with Ms. Doniger,

except for her last sentence.]

 

, " salharmonica "

<salharmonica wrote:

> [....]

>

> India is the land of Hinduism, the ONLY religion that celebrates

> divinity as female, femaly fertility, sexuality, etc. So, why is it

> that misogyny is so rampant in India? [....]

> I would think that a country that worships Devi would be different.

>

>

> Salma

>

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Hi Salma,

 

I think both American patriarchy and Indian patriarchy are complex.

Many people don't see the constraints built into American culture,

such as the high levels of violence against women (top reason for

female admission to ERs) or incest-rape of girls, which only began to

be discussed as a result of the women's movement. The famous

independence of U.S. women also owes something to the colonial

history, where female initiative benefited euro-american settlers in

spite of the cultural legacies they carried. The influence of

American Indian women's freedom probably had an even greater effect.

But the empire builders needed the women, and made concessions to

them that wouldn't have happened otherwise, so breaking down many

traditional European constraints on women.

 

In the case of India, i think there are different strands of

influence at work over such a long history. Certainly things have

tightened down considerably since the erotic sculptures of Khajuraho,

or any number of other temples where women are shown minimally

clothed and dancing, drumming and so on. The Mughal invasions and

British colonialism were certainly factors (you didn't refer to

" Victorian " attitudes for nothing), and yet earlier doctrines of

patriarchy are visible in various scriptures, not least Manusmrti.

 

But what many people don't look at, it seems to me, is the influence

of the Adivasi cultures, which are minorities today but whose

cultures would have had pervasive influence in Vedic times and

afterward. Some of these are still mother-right cultures, in varying

degrees, and likely more were in ancient times, going by what Pandu

says in Mahabharata, " Women were not formerly immured in houses and

dependent on husbands and relatives. They used to go about freely,

enjoying themselves as they pleased best. " I'm convinced that the

deep-seated Goddess reverence in India goes back to very ancient

cultural roots, and has been preserved (and sometimes modified, as

per doctrines of pativrata) through the course of multiple shifts

toward patriarchy and other historical changes. India is a

patriarchal society which has retained veneration of the female

Divine to a unique degree.

 

Max

 

>I'm an Indian-American, born and raised in Queens, but

>frequently " frequenting " my parents' Calcutta home. Growing up this

>way, I've been a keen observer and comparer of American and Indian

>culture, both of which I relate to, of course.

>

>The thing that has bothered me is this: America is founded on

>patriarchy, socially and religion-wise- yet most women have more

>opportunities and freedom in this country than anywhere else in the

>world (with the exception, perhaps, of certain European countries).

>

>India is the land of Hinduism, the ONLY religion that celebrates

>divinity as female, femaly fertility, sexuality, etc. So, why is it

>that misogyny is so rampant in India? Indian men rarely give their

>wives or girlfriends respect or affection, and Bollywood movies

>pretty much show women as anything but powerful (which is why I'm not

>a fan). Sons are preferred to daughters. I would think that a country

>that worships Devi would be different.

>

>On a semi-related note, I've been curious about the Victorian

>attitudes about sex in India, the laws against public affection, etc.

>How does this happen when people are raised on the mythology of

>Krishna and his lovers, when there are temples such as Khajuraho

>(sp?), and when we're the ones who came up with the KamaSutra? I've

>never understood...

 

--

Max Dashu

Suppressed Histories Archives

http://www.suppressedhistories.net

 

New: Women's Power DVD

http://www.suppressedhistories.net/womenspowerdvd.html

 

 

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In regards to India, I can only guess. After years of British Christian rule and

years of being conquered by one foreign entity after another, I would imagine

that they are trying to find their way. I do know that India still has not

brought up its overall literacy rate which has quite a bit to do with the way

women are treated.

 

I noticed that you said you are in New York City which is a fairly progressive

area of the US. I can guarantee you that other parts of the US are very

misogynistic. I was teaching in an area that did not tolerate people who were

not Christian, and they did not appreciate my feminist ideas. I refused to serve

the male staff, and while I was working one Sunday I was approached by another

male who berated me for about an hour until I got fed up with him and let him

have it. The boss who was the bishop of a type of church in the community then

suspended me without pay. If the women questioned the men, they were either

fired or suspended. I grew up in a society in the US being told that women are

inferior and do not deserve to be educated. Trust me these types of ideas do not

exist only in 3rd world countries.

 

By the way, I like some Bollywood movies. I really like Ashoka. American movies

treat women like objects too unless you like artsy, indie movies.

 

Shanti Om,

Shankari

 

--- On Thu, 10/30/08, salharmonica <salharmonica wrote:

salharmonica <salharmonica

 

I'm an Indian-American, born and raised in Queens, but

 

frequently " frequenting " my parents' Calcutta home. Growing up this

 

way, I've been a keen observer and comparer of American and Indian

 

culture, both of which I relate to, of course.

 

 

 

The thing that has bothered me is this: America is founded on

 

patriarchy, socially and religion-wise- yet most women have more

 

opportunities and freedom in this country than anywhere else in the

 

world (with the exception, perhaps, of certain European countries).

 

 

India is the land of Hinduism, the ONLY religion that celebrates

 

divinity as female, femaly fertility, sexuality, etc. So, why is it

 

that misogyny is so rampant in India? Indian men rarely give their

 

wives or girlfriends respect or affection, and Bollywood movies

 

pretty much show women as anything but powerful (which is why I'm not

 

a fan). Sons are preferred to daughters. I would think that a country

 

that worships Devi would be different.

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Hello

 

You may have been lucky having lived in Queens. Male chauvinism is

rampant everywhere, including the US.

 

I grew up in the so-called " Bible belt " and was raised in a very

traditional Baptist Christian environment (including going to their

schools).

We were taught to think of ourselves (girls) as being subservient to

men when we grew up. We were taught what our roles would be.

 

Later when I grew out of that, I was still surprised at to the high

amount of sexism outside of that Christian environment. I was

constantly experiencing men telling me that certain roles were for

them and not for women.

I decided to take Kung Fu lessons a few years ago and had several men

in my class try to bring me down. I had one say he was surprised that

I kept at it as " most of the women just leave " .

 

Just a couple of days ago I was asked by a man if I was married. I

said yes. He asked me why then I didn't have a ring on. I told him I

did not want to wear a ring. He wasn't satisfied with this answer and

thought I was lying about being married. It was as if I had to show

him my mark of ownership to please him.

 

As was also mentioned, America has a very high number of rape and

domestic abuse cases. Of course the majority of the victims being women.

 

As for films and other media, the US is very awful when it comes to

portraying women. Even when women are shown to be " tough " they still

have to wear revealing or tight-fitting clothes to show that they

still care what men think.

Women are botoxed, dyed and starved to fit the ideal. There are many

books on this subject.

 

I do like Indian films. I do not see them as necessarily being any

worse in the women department than US films. If anything they tend to

show female characters with more dignity in the more serious films.

There has also been a wave of feminist values being portrayed in

Indian films in the last ten years.

" Lajja " is a particular film that comes to mind as it tackles the very

subject matter that you are speaking of.

" Veer-Zaara " is another, although more subtle.

 

Let's not forget that there are many movies in India based on Ma

Shakti and her various forms. A lot of these films tend to show female

devotees being saved from bad marriages and other situations of male

abuse.

 

 

, " salharmonica "

<salharmonica wrote:

>

> I'm an Indian-American, born and raised in Queens, but

> frequently " frequenting " my parents' Calcutta home. Growing up this

> way, I've been a keen observer and comparer of American and Indian

> culture, both of which I relate to, of course.

>

> The thing that has bothered me is this: America is founded on

> patriarchy, socially and religion-wise- yet most women have more

> opportunities and freedom in this country than anywhere else in the

> world (with the exception, perhaps, of certain European countries).

>

> India is the land of Hinduism, the ONLY religion that celebrates

> divinity as female, femaly fertility, sexuality, etc. So, why is it

> that misogyny is so rampant in India? Indian men rarely give their

> wives or girlfriends respect or affection, and Bollywood movies

> pretty much show women as anything but powerful (which is why I'm not

> a fan). Sons are preferred to daughters. I would think that a country

> that worships Devi would be different.

>

> On a semi-related note, I've been curious about the Victorian

> attitudes about sex in India, the laws against public affection, etc.

> How does this happen when people are raised on the mythology of

> Krishna and his lovers, when there are temples such as Khajuraho

> (sp?), and when we're the ones who came up with the KamaSutra? I've

> never understood...

>

> Salma

>

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Well, of course I'm not saying that there aren't male chauvinists in

this country- that would be idiotic of me. I also specifically

mentioned that I've mingled with men in all walks of life, from all

places, not only the ones from Queens. Growing up with two " homes, " I

have drawn conclusions based on my personal observations and

experiences (which, obviously, all people do). And my observation

happens to be the one I pointed out in my earlier messages. There are

also over a billion Indians in the world, and it may very well be

that my conclusions are unjustified. Just as saying chauvinism

runs 'rampant' in America has obviously garnered different reponses

from you and me.

 

I think it's safe to say that both India and America have their

benefits and negatives- neither place should be idealized. I only say

this because sometimes I meet Americans/Europeans who are, for

various reasons, fed up with Western culture, Western men, religion,

whatever, and think of India as some kind of heaven on earth whose

citizens can do no wrong. Then I go to India and watch people seethe

with envy when I tell them I'm American, and I just want to laugh in

their faces.

 

As for movies, Lajja is more of an artsy-type film. The vast majority

portray women as idiots. I'm sorry, but there are too many American

popular movies with female characters I love for me to change my

opinion. I personally don't think dressing sexy objectifies women- I

personally love dressing up, wearing makeup, stilletos, etc. and I

don't think it detracts one iota from my feminism.

And Indian women nowadays dress even more scantily in Bollywood films

than in American films.

 

 

 

 

 

, " Ashley " <herjazz wrote:

>

> Hello

>

> You may have been lucky having lived in Queens. Male chauvinism is

> rampant everywhere, including the US.

>

> I grew up in the so-called " Bible belt " and was raised in a very

> traditional Baptist Christian environment (including going to their

> schools).

> We were taught to think of ourselves (girls) as being subservient to

> men when we grew up. We were taught what our roles would be.

>

> Later when I grew out of that, I was still surprised at to the high

> amount of sexism outside of that Christian environment. I was

> constantly experiencing men telling me that certain roles were for

> them and not for women.

> I decided to take Kung Fu lessons a few years ago and had several

men

> in my class try to bring me down. I had one say he was surprised

that

> I kept at it as " most of the women just leave " .

>

> Just a couple of days ago I was asked by a man if I was married. I

> said yes. He asked me why then I didn't have a ring on. I told him I

> did not want to wear a ring. He wasn't satisfied with this answer

and

> thought I was lying about being married. It was as if I had to show

> him my mark of ownership to please him.

>

> As was also mentioned, America has a very high number of rape and

> domestic abuse cases. Of course the majority of the victims being

women.

>

> As for films and other media, the US is very awful when it comes to

> portraying women. Even when women are shown to be " tough " they still

> have to wear revealing or tight-fitting clothes to show that they

> still care what men think.

> Women are botoxed, dyed and starved to fit the ideal. There are many

> books on this subject.

>

> I do like Indian films. I do not see them as necessarily being any

> worse in the women department than US films. If anything they tend

to

> show female characters with more dignity in the more serious films.

> There has also been a wave of feminist values being portrayed in

> Indian films in the last ten years.

> " Lajja " is a particular film that comes to mind as it tackles the

very

> subject matter that you are speaking of.

> " Veer-Zaara " is another, although more subtle.

>

> Let's not forget that there are many movies in India based on Ma

> Shakti and her various forms. A lot of these films tend to show

female

> devotees being saved from bad marriages and other situations of male

> abuse.

>

>

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  • 2 weeks later...

Salma,

 

Last week I said I'd post a passage from _The Goddess Lives

in Upstate New York_ in response to query about magic. Well,

Dempsey's discussion of ritual power extends over a whole

chapter, and I can't see how I could do it justice while

chopping it up into something of post-able size.

 

However, while I was looking, I ran across the following

story, which, I think, addresses your query about goddess

worship -- on several levels.

 

begin quote

[from a chapter that discusses miracles.]

 

A final miracle account again involves a challenge to a group of

religious elite. This incident also offers a means for increasing the

Rush [N.Y.] community's faith, validating not only the presence of

the Mother in their midst but also the unusual style in which their

temple is run. It is the second of the two events that Aiya, [sri

Chaitanyananda] in my [Corrine Dempsey's] presence, expressly

and enthusiastically labeled a " miracle. "

 

During the summer of 2002, I attended an afternoon puja,

accompanied by my friend Harvey from Syracuse. Abhi, Amma's

niece, home from college for the summer, performed the ritual

while Ammamma chanted in the background. I had not seen much

of Aiya that day; he had been meeting with community members

and contractors regarding the soon-to-be-built temple extension.

[...] After the ritual was over, Aiya warmly welcomed Harvey

and then turned to me. Clapping his hands together, he quietly

announced, " Amma, there's been a little miracle. "

 

Early that morning Aiya found someone waiting to chat with him

on the

temple's internet chat line. It was a Smaarta brahman, a Srividya

initiate from the Ujjain region, writing from his workplace in north

India. He described himself as part of a group of around twenty

Smaarta Srividya upaasakas who gathered regularly to study

scripture. They were studying the Sanskrit hymn

Lalitaasahasranaamam, " The Thousand Names of Lalita, " and a

few days earlier they had been discussing one of the hymn's

names for the goddess, Suvaasini Aarcana Prita. Taken

separately, the three words roughly mean " married woman, "

" worship, " and " pleased. " Most of the group agreed that, when

combined, the words meant, " She who is pleased by the worship

of a married woman, " reflecting a ritual where temple priests give

offerings to a married woman as a form of the Devi. The elder of

the group, however, challenged them to consider a different

interpretation: " She who is pleased by married women who

worship. " Although most of the men felt this was incorrect since it

was not their custom, a bit of a debate ensued.

 

The next night, four of the group members had a dream, exactly

the same dream, in which Devi appeared to them like a mother

figure. She led two devotee-children by the hand, one of whom

was the dreamer himself. She brought them to a place where they

read a sign marked, " Sri Vidya Temple Society, " and together

they walked down a narrow road and into a temple. Inside, rows

of women were standing and doing puja to the Devi. The goddess

then announced to her companions, " You have kept me locked

up in your shrine rooms. Here I am free to roam among the

people. " When they asked her where the temple was, she said in

Sanskrit, Kraumca Dwipam. Because they were surrounded by

gold murtis, the dreamers figured the temple must exist on another

plane.

 

When the group reconvened, four of them discovered they had

had the same dream. Kraumca Dwipam, they learned from the

elder, is Sanskrit for the North American continent. Wanting to

know if the temple actually existed, one of the men who had the

dream decided to check the Web while he was at work. Using a

search engine, he typed in " Lalita " and found nothing.

" Rajarajeshwari " also brought up nothing. When he tried

" Srividya, " the Rush temple appeared on his screen. He could see

from the Web site that it looked like the golden temple in his

dream. Once he found Aiya on the chat line, he asked, for

verification, if women performed rituals at the temple. When Aiya

affirmed this, the man told him about the dream. Aiya,

understandably floored and interested in what the Ujjain group

planned to do next, asked if they would start letting women

perform rituals. The man, according to Aiya, waffled by saying

that it is probably easier for people to get away with such things in

the United States.

 

Aiya did not make much of this response from the Smaarta

brahman - he is used to people disagreeing with his style. The

only true validation he feels he needs at this point in his career is

from the Mother, and this " little miracle " was just that. [....]

 

From _The Goddess Lives in Upstate New York_,

Pages 78-80

 

 

, " salharmonica "

<salharmonica wrote:

>

> India is the land of Hinduism, the ONLY religion that celebrates

> divinity as female, femaly fertility, sexuality, etc. So, why is it

> that misogyny is so rampant in India?

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Thanks for that! Very empowering. Incredible.

 

, " msbauju " <msbauju wrote:

>

> [....] a passage from _The Goddess Lives

> in Upstate New York_ [....] addresses your query about goddess

> worship [....]

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I think so; it's very engagingly written.

You can read a sample at Amazon:

http://tinyurl.com/6h3lfl

And -- bonus! -- it's in print, in paperback,

and even available used (in the U.S.; I don't

know about other countries.)

 

By way of adjusting expectations, I should

say I wouldn't call Aiya a feminist in the

regular Euro-Caucasian sense of the word.

He is, however, certainly a champion for

equal access to the divine -- regardless of

one's caste, ethnicity, or gender. And he

does (as you can see here) break with convention

when he feels its necessary.

 

, Max Dashu <maxdashu wrote:

>

> >Thanks for that! Very empowering. Incredible.

>

> Yes, it's an amazing story and gave me shivers.

>

> Is the rest of _The Goddess Lives in Upstate New York_ that good?

>

> Max

>

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