Sanskrit is the greatest of all languages--verified

January 2, 2008

See how Sanskrit towers above all others. Sanskrit is referred to by enemies of India as the " dead language " . But the following article shows the truth.---------- Forwarded message ----------

P. Subramani <subramani6912Dec 23, 2007 6:20 PM(( Proud2B_Indian )) NASA article on Sanskrit in AI (Artificial Intelligence) Magazine

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Please read the below in full for knowledge, proudness and enjoyment.

NASA article on Sanskrit in AI (Artificial Intelligence) Magazine

Modern scientists hail the ancient language of the gods as the only unambiguous natural language on the planetThis interesting article refers to a NASAarticle on Sanskrit in AI (Artificial Intelligence) Magazine in Spring of 1985 written by NASA researcher, Rick Briggs.In ancient India the intention to discover truth was so consuming, that in the process, they discovered perhaps the most perfect tool for fulfilling sucha search that the world has ever known -- the Sanskrit language.

Of all the discoveries that have occurred and developed in the course of human history, language is the most significant and probably the most taken forgranted. Without language, civilization could obviously not exist. On the other hand, to the degree that language becomes sophisticated and accurate indescribing the subtlety and complexity of human life, we gain power and effectiveness in meeting its challenges. The access to modern technology whichhas been designed to give ease, efficiency and enjoyment in meeting our daily needs did not exist at the beginning of the century. It was made possibleby accelerated advancement in the field of mathematics, a " language " which has helped us to discover the interrelationship of energy and matter with ahigh degree of precision. The resulting technology is evidence of the tremendous power that is unleashed simply by being able to make the finer and finerdistinction that a language like mathematics affords.

At the same time humankind has fallen far behind the advancements in technology. The precarious state of political and ecological imbalance that we arenow experiencing is an obvious sign of the power of technology far exceeding the power of human beings to be in control of it. It could easily be arguedthat we have fallen far behind the advancements in technology, simply because the languages we use for daily communication do not help us to make the distinctionsrequired to be in balance with the technology that has taken over our lives.

Relevant to this there has recently been an astounding discovery made at the NASA research center. The following quote is from an article which appearedin AI Magazine (Artificial Intelligence) in Spring of 1985 written NASA researcher, Rick Briggs.

In the past twenty years, much time, effort, and money has been expended on designing an unambiguous representation of natural languages to make them accessibleto computer processing. These efforts have centered around creating schemata designed to parallel logical relations with relations expressed by the syntaxand semantics of natural languages, which are clearly cumbersome and ambiguous in their function as vehicles for the transmission of logical data. Understandably,there is a widespread belief that natural languages are unsuitable for the transmission of many ideas that artificial languages can render with great precisionand mathematical rigor.

But this dichotomy, which has served as a premise underlying much work in the areas of linguistics and artificial intelligence, is a false one. There isat least one language, Sanskrit, which for the duration of almost 1000 years was a living spoken language with a considerable literature of its own. Besidesworks of literary value, there was a long philosophical and grammatical tradition that has continued to exist with undiminished vigor until the presentcentury. Among the accomplishments of the grammarians can be reckoned a method for paraphrasing Sanskrit in a manner that is identical not only in essencebut in form with current work in Artificial Intelligence. This article demonstrates that a natural language can serve as an artificial language also, andthat much work in AI has been reinventing a wheel millennia old.

The discovery is of monumental significance. It is mind-boggling to consider that we have available to us a language which has been spoken for 4-7000 yearsthat appears to be in every respect a perfect language designed for enlightened communication. But the most stunning aspect of the discovery is this: NASAthe most advanced research center in the world for cutting edge technology has discovered that Sanskrit, the world's oldest spiritual language is the onlyunambiguous spoken language on the planet.

In early AI research it was discovered that in order to clear up the inherent ambiguity of natural languages for computer comprehension, it was necessaryto utilize semantic net systems to encode the actual meaning of the sentence. Briggs gives the example of how a simple sentence would be represented ina semantic net.

Example: " John gave the ball to Mary. " give, agent, John give, object, ball give, recipient, Mary give, time, past

He further comments, " The degree to which a semantic net (or any unambiguous nonsyntactic representation) is cumbersome and odd-sounding in a natural languageis the degree to which that language is " natural " and deviates from the precise or " artificial " . As we shall see, there was a language (Sanskrit) spokenamong an ancient scientific community that has a deviation of zero. "

Considering Sanskrit's status as a spiritual language, a further implication of this discovery is that the age old dichotomy between religion and scienceis an entirely unjustified one.

It is also relevant to note that in the last decade physicists have begun to comment on the striking similarities between their own discoveries and thediscoveries made thousands of years ago in India which went on to form the basis of most Eastern religions.

Because of the high level of collaboration required in uncovering the nature of energy and matter, it is inconceivable that it ever could have taken placewithout a common language, namely mathematics. This is a perfect example of using a language for discovering and designing life. The language of mathematics,being inherently unambiguous, minimizes personal interpretation and therefore maximizes opportunity for exploration and discovery. The result of this isa worldwide community of scientists working together with extraordinary vitality and excitement about uncovering the unknown.

It can also be inferred that the discoveries that occurred in India in the first millennia B.C. were also the result of collaboration and inquiry by a communityof spiritual scientists utilizing a common scientific language, Sanskrit. The truth of this is further accented by the fact that throughout the historyand development of Indian thought the science of grammar and linguistics was attributed a status equal to that of mathematics in the context of modernscientific investigation. In deference to the thoroughness and depth with which the ancient grammatical scientists established the science of language,modern linguistic researchers in Russia have concluded about Sanskrit, " The time has come to continue the tradition of the ancient grammarians on the basisof the modern ideas in general linguistics. "

Sanskrit is the most ancient member of the European family of languages. It is an elder sister of Latin and Greek from which most of the modern Europeanlanguages have been derived. The oldest preserved form of Sanskrit is referred to as Vedic . The oldest extant example of the literature of the Vedic periodis the Rig-Veda . Being strictly in verse, the Rig-Veda does not give us a record of the contemporary spoken language.

The very name " Sanskrit " meant " language brought to formal perfection " in contrast to the common languages, Prakrits or " natural " languages. The form ofSanskrit which has been used for the last 2500 years is known today as Classical Sanskrit. The norms of classical Sanskrit were established by the ancientgrammarians. Although no records are available of their work, their efforts reached a climax in the 5th century B.C. in the great grammatical treatiseof Panini, which became the standard for correct speech with such comprehensive authority that it has remained so, with little alteration until presenttimes.

Based on what the grammarians themselves have stated, we may conclude that the Sanskrit grammar was an attempt to discipline and explain a spoken language.

The NASA article corroborates this in saying that Indian grammatical analysis " probably has to do with an age old Indo-Aryan preoccupation to discover thenature of reality behind the impressions we human beings receive through the operation of our senses. "

Until 1100 A.D., Sanskrit was without interruption the official language of the whole of India. The dominance of Sanskrit is indicated by a wealth of literatureof widely diverse genres including religious and philosophical; fiction (short story, fable, novels, and plays); scientific literature including linguistics,mathematics, astronomy, and medicine; as well as law and politics.

With the Muslim invasions from 1100 A.D. onwards, Sanskrit gradually became displaced by common languages patronized by the Muslim kings as a tactic tosuppress Indian cultural and religious tradition and supplant it with their own beliefs. But they could not eliminate the literary and spiritual- ritualuse of Sanskrit.

Even today in India, there is a strong movement to return Sanskrit to the status of " national language of India. " Sanskrit being a language derived fromsimple monosyllabic verbal roots through the addition of appropriate prefixes and suffixes according to precise grammatical laws has an infinite capacityto grow, adapt and expand according to the requirements of change in a rapidly evolving world.

Even in the last two centuries, due to the rapid advances in technology and science, a literature abundant with new and improvised vocabulary has come intoexistence. Although such additions are based on the grammatical principles of Sanskrit, and mostly composed of Sanskrit roots, still contributions fromHindi and other national and international languages have been assimilated. For example: The word for television, duuradarshanam, meaning " that which providesa vision of what is far away " is derived purely from Sanskrit.

Furthermore, there are at least a dozen periodicals published in Sanskrit, all-India radio news broadcast in Sanskrit, television shows and feature moviesproduced in Sanskrit, one village of 3000 inhabitants who communicate through Sanskrit alone, not to mention countless smaller intellectual communitiesthroughout India, schools, as well as families where Sanskrit is fostered. Contemporary Sanskrit is alive and well.

The discussion until now has been about Sanskrit, the language of mathematical precision, the world's only unambiguous spoken language. But the linguisticperfection of Sanskrit offers only a partial explanation for its sustained presence in the world for at least 3000 years. High precision in and of itselfis of limited scope. Generally it excites the brain but not the heart. Sanskrit is indeed a perfect language in the same sense as mathematics, but Sanskritis also a perfect language in the sense that, like music, it has the power to uplift the heart.

It's conceivable that for a few rare and inspired geniuses, mathematics can reach the point of becoming music or music becoming mathematics. The extraordinarything about Sanskrit is that it offers direct accessibility by anyone to that elevated plane where the two, mathematics and music, brain and heart, analyticaland intuitive, scientific and spiritual become one. This is fertile ground for revelation. Great discoveries occur, whether through mathematics or musicor Sanskrit, not by the calculations or manipulations of the human mind, but where the living language is expressed and heard in a state of joy and communionwith the natural laws of existence.

Why has Sanskrit endured? Fundamentally it generates clarity and inspiration. And that clarity and inspiration is directly responsible for a brillianceof creative expression such as the world has rarely seen.

The Ancient and classical creations of the Sanskrit tongue both in quality and in body and abundance of excellence, in their potent originality and forceand beauty, in their substance and art and structure, in grandeur and justice and charm of speech and in the height and width of the reach of their spiritstand very evidently in the front rank among the world's great literatures. The language itself, as has been universally recognized by those competentto form a judgment, is one of the most magnificent, the most perfect and wonderfully sufficient literary instruments developed by the human mind, at oncemajestic and sweet and flexible, strong and clearly-formed and full and vibrant and subtle, and its quality and character would be of itself a sufficientevidence of the character and quality of the race whose mind it expressed and the culture of which it was the reflecting medium.

Sanskrit after all is the language of mantra -- words of power that are subtly attuned to the unseen harmonies of the matrix of creation, the world as yetunformed. The possibility of such a finely attuned language is only conceivable by drawing upon sounds so inherently pure in combinations so harmoniouslyblended that the result is as refreshing and pure as the energy of creation forming into mountain streams and lakes and the flawless crystal structuresof natural gems, while at the same time wielding the power of nebulae and galaxies expanding into the infinitude of space.

But from the perception of Rishis, the source of language transcends such conceptions. In Sanskrit, Vaak,speech, the " word " of Genesis, incorporates boththe sense of " voice " and " word " . It has four forms of _expression. The first, Paraa , represents cosmic ideation arising from the original and absolutedivine presence. The second, Pashyantii (literally " seeing " ) is Vaak as subject " seeing, " which creates the object of madhyamaavaak , the third and subtleform of speech before it manifests as vaikhariivaak, the gross production of letters in spoken speech.

Sanskrit is a language whose harmonic subtlety, mysteriously sources the successive phases of creation all the way to origination. This implies the p ossibilityof having speech oriented to a direct living truth which transcends individual preoccupation with the limited information available through the senses.Spoken words as such are creative living things of power. They penetrate to the essence of what they describe. They give birth to meaning which reflectsthe profound interrelatedness of life.

It is a tantalizing proposition to consider speaking a language whose sounds are so pure and euphonically combined. The mere listening or speaking inspiresand produces joy and clarity. And yet it has been precisely the tendency of humanity as a whole to merely be tantalized by happiness, but not actuallyto choose it. It's as though we had been offered the most precious gem and we answered, " No, I'd rather be poor. " The only possible background for sucha choice is the unconscious belief that, " I can't have it. I can't be that. "

Interestingly enough, this is exactly what is triggered in people who are faced with the opportunity to learn Sanskrit. The basic attitude towards learningSanskrit in India today is, " It's too difficult. " Actually Sanskrit is not difficult. On the contrary, there are few greater enjoyments. The first stage,experiencing the individual power of each of the 49 basic sounds of the Sanskrit alphabet is pure discovery, especially for Westerners who have never paidattention to the unique distinctions of individual letters such as location of resonance and tongue position. The complete alphabet must have been workedout by learned grammarians on phonetic principles by long before it was codified by Panini around 500 B.C. It is arranged on a thoroughly scientific method,the simple vowels (short and long) coming first, then the complex vowels (dipthongs), followed by the consonants in uniform groups according to the organsof speech with which they are pronounced.

The unique organization of the Sanskrit alphabet serves to focus one's attention on qualities and patterns of articulated sound in a way that occurs inno other language. By paying continuous attention to the point of location, degree of resonance and effort of breath, one's awareness becomes more andmore consumed by the direct experience of articulated sound. This in itself produces and unprecedented clarity of mind and revelry in the joy of language.Every combination of sound in Sanskrit follows strict laws which essentially make possible an uninterrupted flow of the most perfect euphonic blendingof letters into words and verse.

The script used to depict written Sanskrit is known as Devanaagari or that " spoken by the Gods. " Suitably for Sanskrit, it is a perfect system of phoneticrepresentation. According to linguists, the phonetic accuracy of the Devanaagari compares well with that of the modern phonetic transcriptions.

Because of its inherent logic, systematic presentation and adherence to only the most clear and most pure sounds, the Sanskrit alphabet in its spoken form,is perhaps the easiest in the world to learn and recall. Once the alphabet is learned, there is just one major step to take in gaining access to the Sanskritlanguage: learning the case and tense endings. The endings are what make Sanskrit a language of math-like precision. By the endings added onto nouns orverbs, there is an obvious determination of the precise interrelationship of words describing activity of persons and things in time and space, regardlessof word order. Essentially, the endings constitute the software or basic program of the Sanskrit language.

The rigor of learning the case endings is precisely the reason why many stop in their pursuit of Sanskrit. Yet by an effective immersion method, fluentreading of the Devanagari script, accurate pronunciation, and the inputting of the case and tense endings can easily be accomplished. Such a method musttake advantage of the fact that Sanskrit grammar is structured by precise patterns, and once a pattern has been noted it is a simple exercise to recognizeall the individual instances that fit the pattern; rather than see the pattern after all the individual instances have been learned. Color coding providesa tremendous support in this regard.

Learning the case endings through the chanting of basic pure sound combinations in musical and rhythmic sequences is a way to overcome learning inhibitions,attune to the root power of the Sanskrit language and access the natural computer efficiency, speed and clarity of the mind.

Although learning Sanskrit in some ways presents challenges similar to those of learning calculus or music, it also induces a lubrication and accelerationof mental function that actually makes such a process exciting and enjoyable. Perhaps the greatest immediate benefit of learning Sanskrit by this methodis that it requires participants to relinquish control, abandon prior learning structures and come into a direct experience of the language.

The actual simplicity and enjoyment of the sounds of Sanskrit provides everyone with an opportunity to learn a subject which is technically precise withfluidity and ease. This tends to produce a complete reversal of the inhibiting competitive environment in which most life education traditionally tookplace, by creating an atmosphere in which mutual support generates personal breakthrough and vice-versa.

One thing is certain, Sanskrit will only become the planetary language when it is taught in a way which is exciting and enjoyable. Furthermore it must addressindividual learning inhibitions with clarity and compassion in a setting which encourages everyone to step forth, take risks, make mistakes and learn.Already we have outstanding examples of this approach in the work of teachers such as Jaime Escalante, whose remarkable achievements in teaching advancedcalculus to underprivileged high school students in East Los Angeles were featured in the Academy Award nominated movie, " Stand and Deliver. "

Another hope for the return of Sanskrit lies in computers. Sanskrit and computers are a perfect fit. The precision play of Sanskrit with computer toolswill awaken the capacity in human beings to utilize their innate higher mental faculty with a momentum that would inevitably transform the world. In factthe mere learning of Sanskrit by large numbers of people in itself represents a quantum leap in consciousness, not to mention the rich endowment it willprovide in the arena of future communication.

Sanskrit has always inspired the hearts, mind and souls of wise people. The great German scholar Max Muller, who did more than anyone to introduce Sanskritto the West in the latter part of the 19th century, contended that without a knowledge of the language (Sanskrit), literature, art, religion and philosophyof India, a liberal education could hardly be complete -- India being the intellectual and spiritual ancestor of the race, historically and through Sanskrit.

Max Muller also pointed out that Sanskrit provides perfect examples of the unity and foundation it offers to the Celtic, Teutonic, Slavonic, Germanic andAnglo-Saxon languages, not to mention its influence on Asian languages.The transmission of Buddhism to Asia can be attributed largely to the appeal toSanskrit. Even in translation the works of Sanskrit evoked the supreme admiration of Western poets and philosophers like Emerson, Whitman, Thoreau, Melville,Goethe, Schlegel and Schopenhauer.

The fact is that Sanskrit is more deeply interwoven into the fabric of the collective world consciousness than anyone perhaps knows. After many thousandsof years, Sanskrit still lives with a vitality that can breathe life, restore unity and inspire peace on our tired and troubled planet. It is a sacredgift, an opportunity. The future could be very brightClick here to join Gita_dharshan Click to join Gita_dharshanJ.VenkatasubramanianJoin Bhagavad Gita study group- Gita_dharshanGita_dharshan

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