Jump to content
IndiaDivine.org

The Papacy In Historical Perspective: The Seldom Told History

Rate this topic


Guest guest

Recommended Posts

Guest guest

>

> But we have with us the Devi and all Her indisputable proof,

> detailed facts and divine Sure Signs about the very heart and soul

> of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The latest update declares

> that, and should further strengthen our resolve, desire and

> determination to carry the battle to the very gates of these

> religious fortresses!

>

 

" After exchanging greetings all of them sat down. Kash then asked the

Spirit of the Living God again if he could ask Shri Jesus some

questions. The Great Holy Spirit smiled and told him to go ahead.

Kash first posed this question to Shri Christ, “Lord Jesus, who is

your Father?” Shri Jesus immediately replied, “The Spirit is My

Father.”

 

Kash then asked Shri Jesus if it would be all right to convince the

pope of these Revelations. For the first and only time Kash saw both

the Great Adi Shakti and Shri Jesus being taken aback for some

reason. Both visibly reacted the very instant the word pope was

mentioned, as if it was a name that should not be uttered in the

Sacred Sanctuary of His Kingdom. They actually moved backwards as the

force of the name hit them like a curse. It was as if the word had

defiled the immaculate purity, the utter holiness of Heaven itself.

It was as if it had the essence of Evil. "

 

Shri Adi Shakti: The Kingdom Of God, 1999, page 1565

 

 

The M+G+R Foundation

The Papacy In Historical Perspective

The Seldom Told History

 

FOREWORD

 

The M+G+R Foundation commissioned this document from Lee Penn, a Christian

journalist and the author of False Dawn. Miguel de Portugal vouches for this

document, which brings into sharp focus one of the central messages that Miguel

must convey to all - believers and non-believers alike: Accept no man-made

substitutes for the true Christ.

 

 

INTRODUCTION

 

Catholic apologists magnify the Pope and the Papacy, saying: " The Pope is the

flesh-and-blood reminder " of the " Church and its teachings. He personifies

Catholicism – and for some this is personally offensive. " [1] Leaving aside the

bait-and-switch tactic (why would the Pope – not Christ – personify

Catholicism?), to exalt the person of the Pope ignores history. The Popes of the

20th Century were, for the most part, virtuous in their personal lives. Many who

preceded them were quite otherwise.

 

We would not bring these historical events to light except for the fact that, in

keeping with the End of These Times and in preparation for the manifestation of

the False Christ, the Papacy and the Popes are being exalted by the Vatican's

Media Machinery to a level that we will not tolerate - equality with God.

 

The following are behaviors which are not even acceptable from an average human

being, much less from some who have the audacity to claim equality with God and

demand the blind sheep to finance it!

 

 

DETAILS

 

The Papacy From 896 to 1048 AD

 

Even the Vatican's apologists acknowledge that the Papacy passed through a dark

age from 896 to 1048; they describe the Papacy of the 900s as a " pornocracy, "

due to its domination by the Theophylacts, a corrupt family of Roman nobles. The

Papal misdeeds of this era include: [2]

 

Boniface VI (896): Died after about 15 days in office – the second shortest

Papal term of office in history. He was elected despite having been defrocked

twice (once from the sub-diaconate, and once from the priesthood, and without

being canonically reinstated to orders) by Pope John VIII for immorality. [3]

 

Stephen VI (896-897): Exhumed the corpse of Pope Formosus (891-896), tried the

body for offenses against canon law in the " Cadaver Synod, " and had the former

Pope's body mutilated (the three fingers used for blessing were chopped off) and

the remains tossed into the Tiber. This outraged the population to the point of

insurrection. Stephen was deposed and strangled – and then buried in St.

Peter's.

 

Sergius III (904-911): Jailed and strangled his predecessor Leo V (903), as well

as the antipope Christopher who had overthrown Leo. Sergius reaffirmed the

" Cadaver Synod " verdict against Pope Formosus, and bore an illegitimate son with

the Theophylact noblewoman Marozia; the boy later became Pope John XI.

 

John X (914-928): In order to gain the release of the French King (Charles the

Simple) from his imprisonment by Count Heribert of Aquitaine, John confirmed the

election of the Count's five-year-old son as Archbishop of Rheims.

 

John XII (955-964): Elected at age 18, deposed for " perfidy and treason " in 963,

overthrew his successor after a few months, and " died at age twenty-eight – of a

stroke suffered while in the bed of a married woman. " [4] A traditionalist

historian says, " The Lateran Palace was called a brothel in his day, thanks to

his diverse taste in lovers – both in terms of gender and number. " [5] John " did

not hesitate to consecrate as bishop a ten-year-old boy as token of his

affection, or to give sacred vessels to prostitutes. " [6]

 

John XIX (1024-1032): Won election through bribery.

 

Benedict IX (1032-1045): According to a traditionalist historian,

" his personal life was so disgusting (filled as it was with mistresses and

rumors of incest and sodomy) that one of the city's factions was able to rally

support against him and drive Benedict out of Rome. " [7] After he fought his way

back to power, he soon " accepted

a bribe to abdicate in favor of his godfather, the arch priest John Gratian. [8]

 

Gregory VI (1045-1046): John Gratian was deposed for having bought election to

the Papacy.

 

 

The Papacy From 1455 to 1555 AD

 

The Papacy of 1455-1555 likewise earned infamy for its immorality.[9] As is

obvious, various Papal decisions (those that apologists describe as

" disciplinary acts " ) led directly to Protestant revolts in Germany and England.

During this period, ancient paganism became respectable in the Vatican; Curial

writing referred to " God the Father as `Jupiter Optimus Maximus,' to the Virgin

Mary as `Diana,' to the Apostles as `legates,' and to the bishops as

`proconsuls.' " [10]

 

Callistus III (1455-1458): Made two nephews cardinals, and made a third nephew

the commander of the Papal army. One of these nephews, Rodrigo Borgia, was made

cardinal-deacon at age 25, and became vice-chancellor of the Holy See at age 26.

This posting – and the immense wealth that the young cardinal was able to gain

from it – paved the way for Rodrigo's election as Pope Alexander VI in 1492.

 

Pius II (1458-1464): " known throughout Italy and beyond as a connoisseur, an

historian, and the author of erotic plays and tales. " [11] PiusII made two

nephews cardinals; one of these – who got his red hat at age 21 – reigned for a

month as Pius III (1503).

 

Paul II (1464-1471): According to a liberal historian, he was " among the worst

of the Renaissance popes: a vain, intellectually shallow, ostentatious playboy. "

[12]

 

Sixtus IV (1471-1484): Named six nephews to the College of Cardinals; one of

these would later become Pope Julius II. Sixtus' coronation tiara cost 100,000

ducats – and this was just the beginning of his extravagances. He " connived at

the Pazzi conspiracy to murder Lorenzo and Giuliano de' Medici at High Mass at

the Duomo in Florence. " [13] Giuliano died, but Lorenzo survived, and Florence

rose against the Pope's allies. In response, " the pope placed Florence under

interdict, and a two years' war with the city began. " [14]

 

Innocent VIII (1484-1492): Won election by bribery, and created a plethora of

unnecessary new posts in the Curia, auctioning them to the highest bidder to

raise money. In 1489, he struck a deal with the Turkish Sultan. The Pope

detained the Sultan Bayezit's fugitive (and rival) brother in Rome, and the

Sultan gave the Pope an initial payment " almost equal to the total annual

revenue of the papal state, " [15] plus an annual fee of 45,000 gold ducats, plus

the relic of the Holy Lance, which supposedly pierced the side of Christ on the

Cross. Innocent VIII made Giovanni Medici a cardinal at age 13; the young man

was later elected as Pope Leo X.

 

Alexander VI (1492-1503): The father of " at least nine illegitimate

children, " [16] he won his election by " generous bribes and promises of lucrative

appointments and benefices, " and soon made clear that " the consuming passions of

his pontificate would be gold, women, and the interests of his family. He named

his son Cesare, at age eighteen, a cardinal, along with the brother of the

current papal mistress. He also arranged several marriages for his daughter

Lucrezia and often left her in charge of the papacy, as virtual regent, when he

was away from Rome. " [17] The aforementioned papal mistress was Giulia Farnese,

wife of Orsino Orsini; Romans referred to her sarcastically as " the bride of

Christ. " [18]

 

Julius II (1503-1513): The nephew of Sixtus IV, and made cardinal by him at age

18. While a cardinal, he sired three daughters. With the aid of " substantial

bribes and promises of ecclesiastical preferments, " he won unanimous election to

the Papacy in a one-day conclave.[19] Julius donned silver armor and led his

armies across Italy to expand the Papal States. He gave Henry VIII, the King of

England, a dispensation to marry his brother's widow, Catherine of Aragon. (The

dispensation soon backfired. When Henry sought an annulment from his marriage to

Catherine, Pope Clement VII refused. This led to the Anglican schism of 1534.)

Julius laid the cornerstone of the new Basilica of St. Peter in 1506 – but made

the fateful decision to cover the construction costs by selling indulgences. In

the bull Cumtam divino, he also declared Papal elections invalid if gained

through simony – an ironic ruling, given the circumstances of his own election.

 

Ironically ,the sainted Pope Pius X reversed this decree. In the 1904 decree

Vacante Sede Apostolica, Pius condemned simony, but held that this would not

invalidate a Papal election. His successors did the same. John Paul II ruled in

1996 that " If – God forbid – in the election of the Roman Pontiff the crime of

simony were to be perpetrated, I decree and declare that all those guilty

thereof shall incur excommunication latae sententiae. At the same time I remove

the nullity or invalidity of the same simoniacal provision, in order that – as

was already established by my Predecessors – the validity of the election of the

Roman Pontiff may not for this reason be challenged. " [20]

 

LeoX (1513-1521): Upon his election, he said, " God has given us the papacy; now

let us enjoy it. " [21] He continued the sale of indulgences to finance

construction of St. Peter's. It was the marketing of this " spiritual benefit " by

the Dominican preacher John Tetzel that caused Luther to post the " 95 Theses " on

the cathedral door at Wittenberg in 1517, starting the Reformation. King Henry

VIII publicly opposed Luther and wrote In Defense of the Seven Sacraments; as a

reward for this book, Leo gave the English King the title of " Defender of the

Faith " – a title that the English royalty have continued using ever since,

despite their schism from Rome. One of Leo's cardinals was his nephew, Giulio

de' Medici, who was later elected as Clement VII (1523-1534).

 

Paul III (1534-1549): While serving as a cardinal, he had kept a mistress, by

whom he had four children. Upon his election, the first two cardinals he chose

were his teenage grandsons. Paul " was an ardent believer in astrology, timing

consistories, audiences, even the issue of bulls, according to the most

auspicious arrangement of the stars. " [22]

 

Julius III (1550-1555): " created a scandal because of his infatuation with a

fifteen-year-old boy whom he picked up in the streets of Parma,had his brother

adopt, and then made a cardinal and head of the Secretariat of State. " [23]

Another biographer describes this youth, Fabiano (who took the name of Innocenzo

del Monte), as a " depraved … custodian of monkeys, " [24] and a Roman satirist of

the time described Fabiano as an " empty and feminine boy. " [25] Fabiano fell from

grace after Julius III died. Pius IV jailed Fabiano for killing two people at a

banquet, and exiled him after his release from prison; then, Pius V removed

Fabiano's red hat.

 

The M+G+R Foundation

The Papacy In Historical Perspective

The Seldom Told History

 

NOTES

[1] Patrick Madrid, Pope Fiction,Basilica Press, 1999, p. 18.

 

[2] Sources used for this history include: Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the

Popes, Harper San Francisco, 2000, pp. 143-174 (liberal perspective); Charles A.

Coulombe, Vicars of Christ, Citadel Press, 2003, pp. 163-204 (traditionalist

perspective); Eamon Duffy, Saints and Sinners, Yale University Press, 2001, pp.

104-114 (centrist, academic perspective); Claudio Rendina, The Popes: Histories

and Secrets, Seven Locks Press, 2002, pp. 210-257 (liberal perspective).

 

[3] Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes, Harper San Francisco,2000, p. 146.

 

[4] Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes, Harper San Francisco,2000, pp.

157-158.

 

[5] Charles A. Coulombe, Vicars of Christ, Citadel Press, 2003, p. 179.

 

[6] Claudio Rendina, The Popes: Histories and Secrets, Seven Locks Press, 2002,

p. 226.

 

[7] Charles A. Coulombe, Vicars of Christ, Citadel Press, 2003, p. 200.

 

[8] Eamon Duffy, Saints and Sinners,Yale UniversityPress, 2001, p. 111.

 

[9] Sources used for this history include: Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the

Popes, Harper San Francisco, 2000, pp. 260-284; Charles A. Coulombe, Vicars of

Christ, Citadel Press, 2003, pp. 322-347; Eamon Duffy, Saints and Sinners, Yale

University Press, 2001, pp. 184-218; Claudio Rendina, The Popes: Histories and

Secrets, Seven Locks Press, 2002, pp. 413-461.

 

[10] Eamon Duffy, Saints and Sinners,Yale University Press, 2001, p. 188.

 

[11] Eamon Duffy, Saints and Sinners,Yale University Press, 2001, p. 184.

 

[12] Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes, Harper San Francisco,2000, p. 263.

 

[13] Eamon Duffy, Saints and Sinners,Yale University Press, 2001, p. 189.

 

[14] Charles A. Coulombe, Vicars of Christ, Citadel Press, 2003, p. 326.

 

[15] Eamon Duffy, Saints and Sinners,Yale University Press, 2001, p. 196.

 

[16] Eamon Duffy, Saints and Sinners,Yale University Press, 2001, p. 189.

 

[17] Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes, Harper San Francisco,2000, pp.

267-268.

 

[18] Claudio Rendina, The Popes: Histories and Secrets, Seven Locks Press, 2002,

p. 431.

 

[19] Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes, Harper San Francisco,2000, p. 270.

 

[20] John Paul II, Universi Dominici Gregis, para. 78, 1996;

http://catholiculture.com/docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=5518, accessed 01/11/06.

 

[21] Charles A. Coulombe, Vicars of Christ, Citadel Press, 2003, p. 337.

 

[22] Eamon Duffy, Saints and Sinners,Yale University Press, 2001, p. 209.

 

[23] Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes, Harper San Francisco,2000, p. 283.

 

[24] Claudio Rendina, The Popes: Histories and Secrets, Seven Locks Press, 2002,

p. 459.

 

[25] Claudio Rendina, The Popes: Histories and Secrets, Seven Locks Press, 2002,

p. 460.

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Guest guest

Dear All,

 

The Spirit is our Father and nobody else. Jesus taught those who are called

'Rabbi' (Teacher) not to allow themselves to be called that: " But do not be

called Rabbi; for One is your Teacher, and you are all brothers. " (Matthew 23:8)

Jesus also taught not to call anyone as 'Father': " And do not call anyone on

earth your 'Father', for One is your Father, He who is in heaven. (Matthew 23:9)

Jesus also advises people not to allow themselves to be called 'Leader': " And do

not be called leaders; for One is your Leader, that is, Christ " (Matthew 23:10)

We have 'the Christ' in us, when the Christ Consciousness is awakened through

Self-realization.

 

In Sahaja Yoga, the so-called 'Leaders' have been very firm in making sure they

are followed--thence, the SYSSR evolved. i have still to hear a Sahaj leader in

the SY organisation follow Jesus' advice and advise his followers not to call

him 'Leader'. It is a maya. Shri Mataji plainly called 'Leader-ship' as a great

'Myth'--and it is no wonder. Shri Jesus' teachings as recorded in the Bible,

relate that we have to turn to the Spirit for our ultimate guidance. The

incarnation of the Great Mother, Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi, clarified that we

have to " become the Spirit " --that we are not this body, mind, or emotions but

that we are actually the Spirit! It's just that when we come into this world, we

usually forget who we are, because we are clouded by the maya or illusion that

surrounds us.

 

But we now have all these teachings and revelations of the Adi Shakti. There is

no more need to call others as Father/Teacher/Leader once we have the connection

of our Self-realization. Jesus and Shri Mataji have taught that it is our

enlightened Spirit that we must then turn to, for our ultimate guidance. Those

who are still calling 'others' as their Father, or Teacher, or Leader, have not

yet realized that their Spirit is all of these! But, sometimes it takes time to

realize these things. But everyone must realize them sooner or later if they are

to arrive at that point where their Spirit is their only real Guide, and where

they will listen to their Spirit before they will listen to any external voice.

The Spirit will never deceive a person. The Spirit will always tell the truth.

The Spirit is Truth, Love, and we can become One with that Spirit!

 

regards,

 

violet

 

 

 

, " jagbir singh " <adishakti_org

wrote:

>

> >

> > But we have with us the Devi and all Her indisputable proof,

> > detailed facts and divine Sure Signs about the very heart and soul

> > of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The latest update declares

> > that, and should further strengthen our resolve, desire and

> > determination to carry the battle to the very gates of these

> > religious fortresses!

> >

>

> " After exchanging greetings all of them sat down. Kash then asked the

> Spirit of the Living God again if he could ask Shri Jesus some

> questions. The Great Holy Spirit smiled and told him to go ahead.

> Kash first posed this question to Shri Christ, " Lord Jesus, who is

> your Father? " Shri Jesus immediately replied, " The Spirit is My

> Father. "

>

> Kash then asked Shri Jesus if it would be all right to convince the

> pope of these Revelations. For the first and only time Kash saw both

> the Great Adi Shakti and Shri Jesus being taken aback for some

> reason. Both visibly reacted the very instant the word pope was

> mentioned, as if it was a name that should not be uttered in the

> Sacred Sanctuary of His Kingdom. They actually moved backwards as the

> force of the name hit them like a curse. It was as if the word had

> defiled the immaculate purity, the utter holiness of Heaven itself.

> It was as if it had the essence of Evil. "

>

> Shri Adi Shakti: The Kingdom Of God, 1999, page 1565

>

>

> The M+G+R Foundation

> The Papacy In Historical Perspective

> The Seldom Told History

>

> FOREWORD

>

> The M+G+R Foundation commissioned this document from Lee Penn, a Christian

journalist and the author of False Dawn. Miguel de Portugal vouches for this

document, which brings into sharp focus one of the central messages that Miguel

must convey to all - believers and non-believers alike: Accept no man-made

substitutes for the true Christ.

>

>

> INTRODUCTION

>

> Catholic apologists magnify the Pope and the Papacy, saying: " The Pope is the

flesh-and-blood reminder " of the " Church and its teachings. He personifies

Catholicism – and for some this is personally offensive. " [1] Leaving aside the

bait-and-switch tactic (why would the Pope – not Christ – personify

Catholicism?), to exalt the person of the Pope ignores history. The Popes of the

20th Century were, for the most part, virtuous in their personal lives. Many who

preceded them were quite otherwise.

>

> We would not bring these historical events to light except for the fact that,

in keeping with the End of These Times and in preparation for the manifestation

of the False Christ, the Papacy and the Popes are being exalted by the Vatican's

Media Machinery to a level that we will not tolerate - equality with God.

>

> The following are behaviors which are not even acceptable from an average

human being, much less from some who have the audacity to claim equality with

God and demand the blind sheep to finance it!

>

>

> DETAILS

>

> The Papacy From 896 to 1048 AD

>

> Even the Vatican's apologists acknowledge that the Papacy passed through a

dark age from 896 to 1048; they describe the Papacy of the 900s as a

" pornocracy, " due to its domination by the Theophylacts, a corrupt family of

Roman nobles. The Papal misdeeds of this era include: [2]

>

> Boniface VI (896): Died after about 15 days in office – the second shortest

Papal term of office in history. He was elected despite having been defrocked

twice (once from the sub-diaconate, and once from the priesthood, and without

being canonically reinstated to orders) by Pope John VIII for immorality. [3]

>

> Stephen VI (896-897): Exhumed the corpse of Pope Formosus (891-896), tried the

body for offenses against canon law in the " Cadaver Synod, " and had the former

Pope's body mutilated (the three fingers used for blessing were chopped off) and

the remains tossed into the Tiber. This outraged the population to the point of

insurrection. Stephen was deposed and strangled – and then buried in St.

Peter's.

>

> Sergius III (904-911): Jailed and strangled his predecessor Leo V (903), as

well as the antipope Christopher who had overthrown Leo. Sergius reaffirmed the

" Cadaver Synod " verdict against Pope Formosus, and bore an illegitimate son with

the Theophylact noblewoman Marozia; the boy later became Pope John XI.

>

> John X (914-928): In order to gain the release of the French King (Charles the

Simple) from his imprisonment by Count Heribert of Aquitaine, John confirmed the

election of the Count's five-year-old son as Archbishop of Rheims.

>

> John XII (955-964): Elected at age 18, deposed for " perfidy and treason " in

963, overthrew his successor after a few months, and " died at age twenty-eight –

of a stroke suffered while in the bed of a married woman. " [4] A traditionalist

historian says, " The Lateran Palace was called a brothel in his day, thanks to

his diverse taste in lovers – both in terms of gender and number. " [5] John " did

not hesitate to consecrate as bishop a ten-year-old boy as token of his

affection, or to give sacred vessels to prostitutes. " [6]

>

> John XIX (1024-1032): Won election through bribery.

>

> Benedict IX (1032-1045): According to a traditionalist historian,

> " his personal life was so disgusting (filled as it was with mistresses and

rumors of incest and sodomy) that one of the city's factions was able to rally

support against him and drive Benedict out of Rome. " [7] After he fought his way

back to power, he soon " accepted

> a bribe to abdicate in favor of his godfather, the arch priest John Gratian.

[8]

>

> Gregory VI (1045-1046): John Gratian was deposed for having bought election to

the Papacy.

>

>

> The Papacy From 1455 to 1555 AD

>

> The Papacy of 1455-1555 likewise earned infamy for its immorality.[9] As is

obvious, various Papal decisions (those that apologists describe as

" disciplinary acts " ) led directly to Protestant revolts in Germany and England.

During this period, ancient paganism became respectable in the Vatican; Curial

writing referred to " God the Father as `Jupiter Optimus Maximus,' to the Virgin

Mary as `Diana,' to the Apostles as `legates,' and to the bishops as

`proconsuls.' " [10]

>

> Callistus III (1455-1458): Made two nephews cardinals, and made a third nephew

the commander of the Papal army. One of these nephews, Rodrigo Borgia, was made

cardinal-deacon at age 25, and became vice-chancellor of the Holy See at age 26.

This posting – and the immense wealth that the young cardinal was able to gain

from it – paved the way for Rodrigo's election as Pope Alexander VI in 1492.

>

> Pius II (1458-1464): " known throughout Italy and beyond as a connoisseur, an

historian, and the author of erotic plays and tales. " [11] PiusII made two

nephews cardinals; one of these – who got his red hat at age 21 – reigned for a

month as Pius III (1503).

>

> Paul II (1464-1471): According to a liberal historian, he was " among the worst

of the Renaissance popes: a vain, intellectually shallow, ostentatious playboy. "

[12]

>

> Sixtus IV (1471-1484): Named six nephews to the College of Cardinals; one of

these would later become Pope Julius II. Sixtus' coronation tiara cost 100,000

ducats – and this was just the beginning of his extravagances. He " connived at

the Pazzi conspiracy to murder Lorenzo and Giuliano de' Medici at High Mass at

the Duomo in Florence. " [13] Giuliano died, but Lorenzo survived, and Florence

rose against the Pope's allies. In response, " the pope placed Florence under

interdict, and a two years' war with the city began. " [14]

>

> Innocent VIII (1484-1492): Won election by bribery, and created a plethora of

unnecessary new posts in the Curia, auctioning them to the highest bidder to

raise money. In 1489, he struck a deal with the Turkish Sultan. The Pope

detained the Sultan Bayezit's fugitive (and rival) brother in Rome, and the

Sultan gave the Pope an initial payment " almost equal to the total annual

revenue of the papal state, " [15] plus an annual fee of 45,000 gold ducats, plus

the relic of the Holy Lance, which supposedly pierced the side of Christ on the

Cross. Innocent VIII made Giovanni Medici a cardinal at age 13; the young man

was later elected as Pope Leo X.

>

> Alexander VI (1492-1503): The father of " at least nine illegitimate

children, " [16] he won his election by " generous bribes and promises of lucrative

appointments and benefices, " and soon made clear that " the consuming passions of

his pontificate would be gold, women, and the interests of his family. He named

his son Cesare, at age eighteen, a cardinal, along with the brother of the

current papal mistress. He also arranged several marriages for his daughter

Lucrezia and often left her in charge of the papacy, as virtual regent, when he

was away from Rome. " [17] The aforementioned papal mistress was Giulia Farnese,

wife of Orsino Orsini; Romans referred to her sarcastically as " the bride of

Christ. " [18]

>

> Julius II (1503-1513): The nephew of Sixtus IV, and made cardinal by him at

age 18. While a cardinal, he sired three daughters. With the aid of " substantial

bribes and promises of ecclesiastical preferments, " he won unanimous election to

the Papacy in a one-day conclave.[19] Julius donned silver armor and led his

armies across Italy to expand the Papal States. He gave Henry VIII, the King of

England, a dispensation to marry his brother's widow, Catherine of Aragon. (The

dispensation soon backfired. When Henry sought an annulment from his marriage to

Catherine, Pope Clement VII refused. This led to the Anglican schism of 1534.)

Julius laid the cornerstone of the new Basilica of St. Peter in 1506 – but made

the fateful decision to cover the construction costs by selling indulgences. In

the bull Cumtam divino, he also declared Papal elections invalid if gained

through simony – an ironic ruling, given the circumstances of his own election.

>

> Ironically ,the sainted Pope Pius X reversed this decree. In the 1904 decree

Vacante Sede Apostolica, Pius condemned simony, but held that this would not

invalidate a Papal election. His successors did the same. John Paul II ruled in

1996 that " If – God forbid – in the election of the Roman Pontiff the crime of

simony were to be perpetrated, I decree and declare that all those guilty

thereof shall incur excommunication latae sententiae. At the same time I remove

the nullity or invalidity of the same simoniacal provision, in order that – as

was already established by my Predecessors – the validity of the election of the

Roman Pontiff may not for this reason be challenged. " [20]

>

> LeoX (1513-1521): Upon his election, he said, " God has given us the papacy;

now let us enjoy it. " [21] He continued the sale of indulgences to finance

construction of St. Peter's. It was the marketing of this " spiritual benefit " by

the Dominican preacher John Tetzel that caused Luther to post the " 95 Theses " on

the cathedral door at Wittenberg in 1517, starting the Reformation. King Henry

VIII publicly opposed Luther and wrote In Defense of the Seven Sacraments; as a

reward for this book, Leo gave the English King the title of " Defender of the

Faith " – a title that the English royalty have continued using ever since,

despite their schism from Rome. One of Leo's cardinals was his nephew, Giulio

de' Medici, who was later elected as Clement VII (1523-1534).

>

> Paul III (1534-1549): While serving as a cardinal, he had kept a mistress, by

whom he had four children. Upon his election, the first two cardinals he chose

were his teenage grandsons. Paul " was an ardent believer in astrology, timing

consistories, audiences, even the issue of bulls, according to the most

auspicious arrangement of the stars. " [22]

>

> Julius III (1550-1555): " created a scandal because of his infatuation with a

fifteen-year-old boy whom he picked up in the streets of Parma,had his brother

adopt, and then made a cardinal and head of the Secretariat of State. " [23]

Another biographer describes this youth, Fabiano (who took the name of Innocenzo

del Monte), as a " depraved … custodian of monkeys, " [24] and a Roman satirist of

the time described Fabiano as an " empty and feminine boy. " [25] Fabiano fell from

grace after Julius III died. Pius IV jailed Fabiano for killing two people at a

banquet, and exiled him after his release from prison; then, Pius V removed

Fabiano's red hat.

>

> The M+G+R Foundation

> The Papacy In Historical Perspective

> The Seldom Told History

>

> NOTES

> [1] Patrick Madrid, Pope Fiction,Basilica Press, 1999, p. 18.

>

> [2] Sources used for this history include: Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the

Popes, Harper San Francisco, 2000, pp. 143-174 (liberal perspective); Charles A.

Coulombe, Vicars of Christ, Citadel Press, 2003, pp. 163-204 (traditionalist

perspective); Eamon Duffy, Saints and Sinners, Yale University Press, 2001, pp.

104-114 (centrist, academic perspective); Claudio Rendina, The Popes: Histories

and Secrets, Seven Locks Press, 2002, pp. 210-257 (liberal perspective).

>

> [3] Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes, Harper San Francisco,2000, p. 146.

>

> [4] Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes, Harper San Francisco,2000, pp.

157-158.

>

> [5] Charles A. Coulombe, Vicars of Christ, Citadel Press, 2003, p. 179.

>

> [6] Claudio Rendina, The Popes: Histories and Secrets, Seven Locks Press,

2002, p. 226.

>

> [7] Charles A. Coulombe, Vicars of Christ, Citadel Press, 2003, p. 200.

>

> [8] Eamon Duffy, Saints and Sinners,Yale UniversityPress, 2001, p. 111.

>

> [9] Sources used for this history include: Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the

Popes, Harper San Francisco, 2000, pp. 260-284; Charles A. Coulombe, Vicars of

Christ, Citadel Press, 2003, pp. 322-347; Eamon Duffy, Saints and Sinners, Yale

University Press, 2001, pp. 184-218; Claudio Rendina, The Popes: Histories and

Secrets, Seven Locks Press, 2002, pp. 413-461.

>

> [10] Eamon Duffy, Saints and Sinners,Yale University Press, 2001, p. 188.

>

> [11] Eamon Duffy, Saints and Sinners,Yale University Press, 2001, p. 184.

>

> [12] Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes, Harper San Francisco,2000, p.

263.

>

> [13] Eamon Duffy, Saints and Sinners,Yale University Press, 2001, p. 189.

>

> [14] Charles A. Coulombe, Vicars of Christ, Citadel Press, 2003, p. 326.

>

> [15] Eamon Duffy, Saints and Sinners,Yale University Press, 2001, p. 196.

>

> [16] Eamon Duffy, Saints and Sinners,Yale University Press, 2001, p. 189.

>

> [17] Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes, Harper San Francisco,2000, pp.

267-268.

>

> [18] Claudio Rendina, The Popes: Histories and Secrets, Seven Locks Press,

2002, p. 431.

>

> [19] Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes, Harper San Francisco,2000, p.

270.

>

> [20] John Paul II, Universi Dominici Gregis, para. 78, 1996;

http://catholiculture.com/docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=5518, accessed 01/11/06.

>

> [21] Charles A. Coulombe, Vicars of Christ, Citadel Press, 2003, p. 337.

>

> [22] Eamon Duffy, Saints and Sinners,Yale University Press, 2001, p. 209.

>

> [23] Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes, Harper San Francisco,2000, p.

283.

>

> [24] Claudio Rendina, The Popes: Histories and Secrets, Seven Locks Press,

2002, p. 459.

>

> [25] Claudio Rendina, The Popes: Histories and Secrets, Seven Locks Press,

2002, p. 460.

>

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Join the conversation

You are posting as a guest. If you have an account, sign in now to post with your account.
Note: Your post will require moderator approval before it will be visible.

Guest
Reply to this topic...

×   Pasted as rich text.   Paste as plain text instead

  Only 75 emoji are allowed.

×   Your link has been automatically embedded.   Display as a link instead

×   Your previous content has been restored.   Clear editor

×   You cannot paste images directly. Upload or insert images from URL.

Loading...
×
×
  • Create New...