Issues in Indian Philosophy #5

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ISSUE #5:

 

A LIST OF THE SOURCES OF KNOWLEDGE (PRAMAAN.AS) ACCEPTED BY

THE VARIOUS SYSTEMS OF CLASSICAL INDIAN THOUGHT:

 

I. JAINISM: 3 pramANas

 

1. pratyakxa (perception)

2. anumAna (inference)

3. JinashAsana (Teachings of the 24 TIrthankaras)

 

 

II. BUDDHISM: 3 pramANas

 

1. pratyakxa

2. anumAna

3. Buddhavacana (Teachings of the Buddha)

 

 

III. NYAAYA-VAISHESHHIKA: 4 pramANas

 

1. pratyakxa

2. anumAna

3. upamAna (analogy)

4. shabda (testimony--sacred [shruti and smRti] & secular)

 

 

IV. SAANKHYA-YOGA: 3 pramANas

 

1. pratyakxa

2. anumAna

3. shabda

 

 

V. PRABHAAKARA MIIMAAMSAA: 5 pramANas

 

1. pratyakxa

2. anumAna

3. upamAna

4. arthApatti (implication)

5. shabda

 

 

VI. KUMAARILA MIIMAAMSAA: 6 pramANas

 

1. pratyakxa

2. anumAna

3. upamAna

4. arthApatti

5. shabda

6. anupalabdhi (non-apprehension)

 

 

VII. SHANKARA (ADVAITA) VEDAANTA: 6 pramANas

 

(same as the 6 of KumArila MImAmsA). " vyAvahAre bhATTanayaH " .

 

 

VIII. RAAMAANUJA (VISHISHHT.AADVAITA) VEDAANTA: 3 pramANas

 

1. pratyakxa

2. anumAna

3. shabda

 

 

IX. MADHVA (DVAITA) VEDAANTA: 3 pramANas

 

1. pratyakxa

2. anumAna

3. shabda

 

 

regards,

VAsudeva-vAyu smaraNa

B.N.Hebbar