Guest guest Posted July 12, 2007 Report Share Posted July 12, 2007 - Varna, Gopalakrishna ITPL_MF ; Dhyana_Sandhya ; it_madhva_sangha ; jignaasa ; vijayavittala ; MadhwaYuvaParishat Cc: b_krishna Monday, July 09, 2007 10:27 AM Brief histroy of Shri Vijayendra Theertharu 4. Shri Vijayeendra theerthara - 1 Posted by: " Bala R Krishna " b_krishna b_krishna Thu Jul 5, 2007 10:18 pm ((PDT)) Shrihi Shri Lakshmi HayagreevAbhina Shri Lakshmi Narasimhaya namaha Shri Maha Ganapathiye namaha Shri vAdirAja thiirtha gurubhyo namaha Shri Vijayeendra thiirtha gurubhyo namaha Shri Raghavendra thiirtha gurubhyo namaha Shri Vishnu thiirtha gurubhyo namaha Shri Purandara dAsarAya Gurubhyo nahama Dear Shri Vishnu Bhaktas, Thursday, July 12th 2007, jyEsta bahula triyOdashi being the arAdhana of Sri Vijayeendra thiirtharu, with the prerane of Sri Hari, vAyu and gurugalu, would like to post a series of postings related to the life sketch of Sri Vijayeendra thiirtharu. Please apologize if you notice any mistakes. *** Introduction *** Shri Harihi Om || NarasimhO AkhilA jnAna matha dHwanta divAkaraha Jayathya mitha SujnAna sukHa shaktHi payOnidhihi || || AchAryO pavanOsmAkum AchAryAnEcha bhArathi dEvo NarAyanaha Shrishaha dEvi mangala devatha|| Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha was a `sarva-tantra-swatantra', a master of the sixty-four arts, a winsome and magnetic personality, and the author of over a hundred works (104 are attributed to him). In the eyes of his contemporaries, Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha was verily an incarnation of Srimad Acharya come to reinforce his own siddhanta against contemporary opposition. Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha established his headquarters in Kumbakonam which belonged to the Nayak dynasty. Tanjavur and Kumbakonam were a replica of the Vijayanagara kingdom, in the cultivation of the art of dance, music, literature, Vedic studies and Darshana-s (philosophical doctrines). It was the age of Venkatamukhi, the authority on Karnatic Music, of Govinda Dikshita, the accomplished minister of the Nayakas, of Appayya Dikshita, the uncrowned monarch of Shaiva Advaita, and of Tatacharya the sun of VisishhTâdvaita. It was in this climate of culture and plenitude that Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha found congenial soil for his labour of love in the cause of Srimad Ananda Tîrtha's Sadvaishnava siddhanta. Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha saved Madhva siddhanta from a very real and serious threat of extinction in South India, during the 16th century. Hence the followers of Madhva siddhanta should always remain grateful to the memory of Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha's illustrious personality. When the redoubtable Appayya Dikshita and Tatacharya drew Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha into philosophical controversies by their adverse criticisms of Srimad Acharya's works, Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha took them on single-handedly and successfully dispelled their criticisms. Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha was not a bigoted sectarian. He was the very essence and embodiment of catholicity of outlook. This is shown by his generous patronage to scholars of different persuasions, and the uniformly friendly relations he maintained throughout his life with his greatest adversary in thought. Kumbakonam is the city of temples dedicated to Lord Vishnu and Lord Shiva in equal strength and prestige. Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha, was, by common consent in charge of all the religious institutions there. Birth of Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha was born by the great blessings of Sri Vyâsa Tîrtha. It so happened that Sri Vyâsa Tîrtha had come to a small village where Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha's parents resided. Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha's parents were very old at the time when Sri Vyâsa Tîrtha came to their village. Nevertheless they served Sri Vyâsa Tîrtha with devotion. Pleased by their devotion and service, Sri Vyâsa Tîrtha blessed the old couple that a charming son would be born to them. The old couple had no children , and they lamented, " How can we have children at this old age? We are very unlucky and we do not have the puNya (good deeds) to have children in this lifetime. " Sri Vyâsa Tîrtha said, " Lord Sri Moola Gopala Krishna has made me utter these words , and it is His sole responsibility to make it come true. " Sri Vyâsa Tîrtha also told them that they were going to have two sons and they should give one of them to him. The old couple were very happy and promised Sri Vyâsa Tîrtha that they would act accordingly by dedicating one of their sons to the service of the Lord. A couple of years passed and Sri Vyâsa Tîrtha arrived at the same village where Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha's parents lived. Sri Vyâsa Tîrtha was given a grand reception by the old couple and they took the saint to their home. The old couple had been blessed with two children whom they had named 'VittalaCharya' and 'Guru Prasada " and they told Sri Vyâsa Tîrtha that his words had come true and that they were ready to fulfill their promise to him. Sri Vyâsa Tîrtha picked the older child 'VittalaCharya' and told his parents not to worry about him and that Lord Krishna would be very pleased by this donation. From that day, 'VittalaCharya' became the beloved child of Sri Vyâsa Tîrtha. Sri Vyâsa Tîrtha performed 'Choula' and 'Upanayana' to VittalaCharya started teaching him the Vedanta shâstra-s, tarka, mîmâmsa, etc. After seeing the latter's devotion and vairagya (being totally uninterested in worldly things and totally getting involved in serving the Lord), Sri Vyâsa Tîrtha offered the sacred sanyâsâshrama to VittalaCharya at a very young age and named him as Sri Vishnu Tîrtha. Sri Vishnu Tîrtha under the guidence of Sri Vyâsa Tîrtha became the master of the four-and-sixty traditional arts, and a great scholar. *** Victory in Kanchi *** As we know from history, Kanchi was a center for learning and at the time Hundreds of great pundits were living in Kanchi. The famous pundit Sri Appayya Dîkshita had his residence in Kanchi. When Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha came to Kanchi, Sri Appayya Dîkshita was not in town but, the other pundits were introducing themselves to protect the respect and fame of the city. Many Advaita and VishishhTaadvaita pundits were defeated by Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha in the space of four to five months. After that, Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha had to debate against two great `mîmaamsa' pundits and it appeared as though the debate was reaching a deadlocked state. After a couple of days passed, Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha translated the pundits' 'puurvapaksha' and started criticizing them one by one by giving proofs. The pundits were astonished by Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha's knowledge, spiritual powers, and the way he was tackling the issues. The words coming out from Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha was like the sacred mother river Ganga. Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha concluded his talk by establishing the `siddhaanta' of Srimadh Achaarya. The judges were extremely impressed and gave a judgement declaring Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha the winner. Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha's guru Sri Surendra Tîrtha became extremely happy seeing this victory. *** Victory in Karnataka *** After the victory in Kanchi, Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha came to Karnataka while Sri Surendra Tîrtha went on tour to Sri Rameshwara. For manydays, Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha settled in Karnataka worshipping Sri Moola Raama, giving spiritual advice to the devotees, conquoring many pundits and thereby established the Veda-mata siddhaanta of Srimadh Achaarya. Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha was in Kolar, Karnataka for about a month and easily conquered pundits like Sri Sudarshana Charya, Sri Krishna Batta and Araadhya. For the rememberance of this victory, Sri Vijayîndra theeertha built a temple of Sri Vijaya Maaruti which can Be seen even now in Kolar. From Kolar, Sri Vijayiindra Tiirtha moved to Tumkur, Karnataka. From Tumkur, Sri Vyaasa Tîrtha and Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha arrived in Udupi to have the darshan of Lord Sri Krishna. While they were in Udupi, Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha came to know that his Guru Sri Surendra Tîrtha was not in good health. Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha got permission from Sri Vyaasa Tîrtha to go to Kanchi in order to take care of his Guru. Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha looked after his guru so well that Sri Surendra Tîrtha became healthy and fit. Sri Surendra Tîrtha had two main responsibalites. The first one was was to find a successor to rule the Vedanta empire of Srimad Achaarya. This was accomplished by getting Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha from Sri Vyaasa Tîrtha. The second one was to visit all sacred places and temples in India. Sri Surendra Tîrtha decided to undertake the second assignment and one auspicious day he started his tour. After a couple of days, Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha got a message that Sri Vyaasa Tîrtha was very keen in seeing him. Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha immediately rushed to Vijayanagara to see his vidyaa-guru. Sri Vyaasa Tîrtha was very happy to see his shishhya (student) and gave Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha many `upadesha'-s and duties to be performed in order to establish the `siddhaanta' of Srimadh Achaarya. In the month of phalguna, Krishna paksha(second half), Chouthi (Fourth day), Sri Vyaasa Tîrtha left this world to Vaikunta. Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha left Vijayanagara and moved towards Madurai. During this travel, Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha visited Vyaasa Samudra, NanjanGud and Sri Ranga. From Sri Ranga, he moved to Madurai at the request of the king Vishvanatha Nayaka. At the same time, Sri Surendra Tîrtha completed his India tour and came to Madurai. It took nearly four years for Sri Surendra Tîrtha to complete the tour and Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha was happy to see his Guru back. Both the saints decided to move to Tanjore in order to establish the Veda matha-siddanta there. Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha composed many works during the time he traveled between Vijayanagara and Madurai. *** The debate between Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha and Lingaraja *** The citizens of Kumbakonam were delighted to learn about the presence of Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha in Madurai. There were strong reasons to get delighted. For the past fifteen to twenty years, there had lived a Shaiva scholar named Lingaraja in Kumbakonam who not only captured the management of all the temples in the city but also was converting all the Brahmins into Saivites. The Saiva saint was very skilled and was also the possessor of occult powers. The Brahmin pundits were unable to compete with Lingaraja and were extremely dissappointed for not able to stand in front of this Saiva saint. The Bramhin community became extremely happy at the arrival of Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha to Madurai and they requested Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha to come to Kumbakonam and establish the Veda-mata-siddhânta in their city. Sri Surendra Tîrtha after hearing the incidents from the citizens of Kumbakonam, gave permission to Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha to reside in Kumbakonam and stop the disaster of forceful Saiva conversion by Lingaraja. Sri Surendra Tîrtha blessed Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha with best wishes and said that Sri Moola Raama would be pleased by the establishment of Srimad Acharya's siddanta in Kumbakonam. Then one day, Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha was in deep meditation. Suddenly, he saw Lord Vishnu and Srimad Acharya in his heart. At the same time, Sri Vyaasa Tîrtha appeared in front of Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha and blessed him. Moments later, Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha saw the divine mother Sri Durga devi sitting on a lion, having many weapons in her hand and having a pleasing face. It was the divine mother Sri Mangalambike in front of Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha came to bless him. The divine mother blessed the saint, prophesizing that he would be victorious in the debate with Lingaraja. Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha came to Kumbakonam and Sri Lingaraja came to know about it. Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha and Lingaraja agree that the debate be in the temple of Sri Kumbeswara. It was decided that if Lingaraja is defeated he has to stop forceful conversion of people into saivism and surrender all the property and management of the temples to Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha. If Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha is defeated, he would convert into a saivite and become a follower of Lingaraja. Lingaraja started the arguement by stateing that the Vedas have weakness and vedas were human composed . Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha very easily criticised Lingaraja by giving many proofs which showed that Vedas are true and that vedas are not composed by any one(ApouruSheyaa). Vedas are known by three words namely 'Veda', 'Shruthi' and 'Drushthi'. Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha explained the meaning of these words as follows: Veda meaning 'Vedyatha ithe vedaha' which means Vedas are the ones that are understood, Shruthi meaning 'Shrooyatha ithe Shruthihi' which means that Vedas are the ones that are being heard and Drushthi meaning 'Drushyatha ithe Drushtihi' which means that vedas are the ones that are seen. So, Vedas are the ones that are understood, heard and seen and it is not composed by any one. This way, Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha proved his point that Vedas are 'ApouruSheyaa'. Then came the topic who is supreme. Lingaraja with the help of Kourma, Lainga puranas started to state that Lord Shiva is the supreme and challenged Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha how he can prove that Sri Naaraayana is supreme. Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha said although it is mentioned that Lord Shiva is supreme in puranas like Lainga, Kourma etc., this point is against the Shrutis and Saathvika puranas and so it is not true. Also, puranas like Lainga,Shaiva etc., are thamasik. Lingaraja became furious and demanded how Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha can prove that Lainga, Kourma puranas are Thamasik. Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha gave proof by stateing that this division (Saathvik, Raajasik and Thaamasik) is done by Sri Veda Vyaasa himself who is the authority said as follows. Vaishnavam Naaradeeyam Cha thatha Bhagavatham Shubham Garudam Cha thatha Paadmam Varaaham Shubha Darshane ShaDeThani Puranaani Saathvikaani Mathaani why Bramhaandam BrahmaVaivartham Maarkaandaiyam thathaiva cha BhavidhshyadhVaamanam Braamham Raajasaani Nibhodhamae Maathsyam Kourmam thatha Laingam Shaivam Skaandam Thathaiva cha AagnaeYam cha ShaDethani Thaamasa NirayaPradaha which means that there are six puranas that are Saathvik. These puranas are Vishnu, Naarada, Bhaagavatha, Garuda, Padma and Varaaha. The Raajasik puranas are Bramhaanda, BramhaVaivartha, Maarkaandaeya, Bhavishyothara, Vaamana and Bramha. The six thamasik puranas are Maathsya, Kourma, Lainga, Skaanda, Shaiva and Aagnaeya. Please note that even in rajasa and thamasa purAns, there are sAthvika portions ( like in skAnda Kourma purAnas) and they have to be respected as sAthvika portions. Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha also mentioned that the Smruthi Shaastras are of three kinds Saathvika, Raajasa and Thamasa. The judges got convinced about the proof given by Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha and told Lingaraja that the proof has been given. The judges continued to state that since the debate was based on Shastras and only texts that can be believed are the Saatvika ones, so, as per the Shrutis and Saatvika Puranas, Sri Naaraayana is the Supreme (Sri Hari Sarvothamma) and Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha is correct in this arguement. Lingaraja now turned the point towards Lord Sri Narasimha. He started telling that Lord Narasimha was defeated by Sri Veera Bhadra. Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha criticized this by stateing that the information about Lord Narasimha being defeated by Lord Veera Bhadra is in Skaanda Puraana. Skaanda puraana is Thamasik and hence cannot be taken as a proof. Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha very cleverly solved this point by quoteing that in Shaiva puraana, it is mentioned that Lord Rudra in the form of Sharabha defeats Lord Narasimha. But, in Skaanda puraana, it is mentioned that Lord Veera Bhadra defeats Lord Narasimha. So, who defeated Lord Narasimha? Is it Lord Rudra or Lord Veera Bhadra? If you say it is Lord Rudra then, it is against Shaiva puraana. If you say it is Lord Rudra then it is against Skaanda Puraana. Lingaraja's argument was based on the Thamasa puranas and Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha created a suspision in Lingaraja's argument. Lingaraja became so confused and all the people who were watching the argument were amazed at the way Sri Vijayîndra Tiirtha disproved Lingaraja's point by creating this suspision. Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha continued further and said that the authentic information is only in Saatvika puranas and since Lingaraja's point is based on Thamasik puranaas which is against various Shrutis, Smrutis and Saatvika puranas, it is a bluder to tell that Lord Narasimha was defeated by Lord Rudra or Lord Veera Bhadra. Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha described Lord Narasimha as 'Narasimhasya KaeValam Jyothireka ManaaDyantam' which means that Lord Sri Narasimha is Infinite in auspecious qualities and who has no destruction (Akshara). For the one who is infinite and who is undestructable, how can it have an end? So, as mentioned in the Saatvika puranas, Lord Narasimha destroyed Sharabha. Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha gave one more proof from a Shruthi as 'Harim Harantha Manuyanthi VishVasyeeShaanam VrushaBham Matheenaam' which means that Lord Rudra who is praised by 'Eeshaana' word was destroyed by Lord Hari(i.e. Lord Narasimha). Also, the Smruthi states that BramhaanaMindram RudramCha Yamam Varunamaevacha| Nihasya Harathe YasmaaThasMyaaDharereHoochayathe|| Which means that Lord Bramha, Lord Indra, Lord Rudra, Lord Yama, Lord Varuna get destroyed by Lord Hari (i.e. Lord Narasimha) during the Pralaya period. This means that Lord Hari is the supreme(Sarvothamma), Lord Hari is the creator, Protector and destroyer of these worlds, Lord Hari is the ParaBramha as mentioned in the Vedas, Shrutis, Smrutis and Puraanas. This way the argument went for many days, and everyday, Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha turned out to be the winner and all the points that Lingaraja upheld were very easily turn down by Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha. At last, Lingaraja became speechless and accepted the defeat by bowing his head. Needless to say, the judges concluded that Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha was won the argument and hence is victorious. Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha praised Lingaraja that he was a great scholar and could not establish the Shaiva matha because all your arguments were based on thamasik puranas which are not correct. Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha commended Lingaraja that it was a great pleasure to argue with a scholar like him, wished him best wishes and gave lot of gifts to him. Lingaraja then came forward, bowed at Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha and surrendered the keys of all the temples and the Shaiva mutt. Lingaraja then decided to leave the town of Kumbakonam. *** Establishment of Sanskrit University(Vidyaa peetha) *** Kumbakonam was chosen by Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha to establish a Sanskrit University. Establishing a Sanskrit University was one of the dream of Sri Vyaasa Tîrtha. The university was the center for learning Vedas, Chandassu, Vyaakarana, Astrology, Tarka, poetic arts, Puraanas, Dharma shastra etc. The university provided excellent boarding and lodging facilities. The king of Vijayanagara Sri Chavappa Nayaka offered lot of land and money for the developent of the university. The university had the atmosphere of the old guru kula style. Sri Surendra Tîrtha became the chansellor of the university. The sanskrit university became one of the best centres for learning in India. The king of Vijayanagara empire requested Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha to come and settle in Vijayanagara for some time. Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha with the permission from Sri Surendra Tîrtha accepts the offer and moves to Vijayanagar. The king of Vijayanagar expresses his desire to perform RathnaaBhisheka( Honor of sitting on the Vijayanaga throne) to Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha. Although, Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha did not like it very much, he had to accept the request made by the king. Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha sat on the throne of Vijayanaga empire, the pundits praise Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha as " Sri MadhVaidika Sadvaishnava Siddantha SamsthapanaAcharya Sri JagadhGuru Sriman MadvaAcharya Mukya Samsthaana Poorvaadhi Mateya Vidyaa SimhaasanaaDheeshwara Srimad Raghunandana Tîrtha SriPaada karakamala Sanjaatha, Srimadh Surendra Tîrtha Sripaada Varakumaaraka Sri Sri Srimadh Vijayîndra Tîrtha Yathi SaarvaBhouma Jaya Jaya Bahu parAkh Bahu parAkh bahu parAkh " . The king of Vijayanagara offered many land, Gold, and many other precious metals to Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha. Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha contributed everyhing that he received from the king to the pundits and to the sanskrit university. The people of Vijayanagara were amazed at the generosity of the saint donated all the wealth for a good cause. *** Wizard surrenders to Sri Vijayeendra Theertha *** One afternoon, Sri Vijayîndra Tîrtha was reading some works and a disciple came running and told the saint that a wizard from Kerala has come to see you. The appearance of the wizard was so dreadful and he started talking to the saint with a attitude 'Are you Sri Vijayiindra Tiirtha? You defeated Lingaraja and said that any one can challenge you in 64 different arts. If are bold enough, can you challenge my wizard craft?'. Sri Vijayiindra Tiirtha very seriously tells the wizard that by Lord Sri Hari's grace he can easily win against the witch craft. The wizard then drew seven concentric lines and placed a lemon in the centre. The wizard started mermurring some words and said that this witch craft is very dangerous and you have to cross all the seven lines and get that lemon fruit. The wizard continued to tell that at each line crossing there is fire, weapons and snakes to kill you. The wizard said 'Are you sure you want to take this task?'. Sri Vijayiindra Tiirtha with a smile said to the wizard that your witch craft based on devil worship should be criticized and people like you are bad elements in the soceity and it is not a big deal to defeat you, one of my student will take the challenge. Sri Vijayeebdra Tiirtha called one of his student named BheemaSena and told him get the lemon crossing the lines. BheemaSena, bowed to Sri Vijayiindra Tiirtha and started to cross the lines one by one. When BheemaSena crossed the forth line he saw a a big ball of fire and the fire was turned into milk and sprinkled on him. At the fifth line, a snake approached him and to the surprise a Garuda bird came and carried away the snake. At the sixth line, a sharp weapon came to destroy BheemaSena. Sri Vijayiindra Tiirtha meditated on Lord Moola Raama and the weapon was transformed into a flower garland and BheemaSena had it in his neck. The wizard bacame very afraid at the action of BheemaSena and did not know what to do. BheemaSena easily crossed the seventh line, lifted the lemon and laid it at the feet of Sri Vijayiindra Tiirtha. Thus, it was a victory to Sri Vijayiindra Tiirtha and the wizard accepted his defeat. The wizard bowed at Sri Vijayiindra Tiirtha and said that none so far had guts to defeat him but, I got defeated by a student of yours. Sri Vijayiindra Tiirtha advised the wizard not to practise the witch craft and move in a good path. Sri Vijayiindra Tiirtha chanted on Lord Narasimha, composed a song on the lord called 'Narasimha Stotra / Astaka' to commemarate the victory and surrendered the victory certificate at the feet of Lord Narasimha. This icon of Lord Narasimha can be seen even now in Sri Raghavendra swamy mutt as 'Shodasha Baahu(16 handed) Sri Narasimha Murthy'. Sri NarsimhAstaka starts with " Bhoo kandum vAranAdum parava viratam dumpa dumpOru dumpum ... " composed by Sri VijayIndra thiirtharu and will try to post this stothra soon. In the seva of Sri Hari vAyu and gurugalu, Bala Krishna Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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