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Dear all,

 

Namaste

 

So far I understood that apart from sruti it is basically the five sense

organs that serve as pramanas. But which pramana do I use to perceive a

certain feeling coming up (like compassion, joy or decisiveness) . Can

someone please clarify?

 

Om Shanti

 

Sitara

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Sitara - PraNams

 

You may be able to find the answer in the Knowledge series - or go to adviata.org.uk under critical analysis of Vedanta Paribhasha - where internal cognitions have been analyzed.

 

Hari Om!

Sadananda--- On Sat, 2/20/10, Sitara <smitali17 wrote:

Sitara <smitali17 Pramanasadvaitin Date: Saturday, February 20, 2010, 3:46 PM

Dear all,NamasteSo far I understood that apart from sruti it is basically the five senseorgans that serve as pramanas. But which pramana do I use to perceive acertain feeling coming up (like compassion, joy or decisiveness) . Cansomeone please clarify?Om ShantiSitara

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Dear Sitara-ji,

Internal feelings such as joy, sorrow, etc., are known as soon as they arise by

the sAkShi (witness-consciousness) without the help of any pramANa.For this also

a mental vRitti is necessary, but the vRitti is formed without any other help

because the feelings are also in the same mind.

Best wishes,

S.N.Sastri

 

advaitin , " Sitara " <smitali17 wrote:

>

>

> Dear all,

>

> Namaste

>

> So far I understood that apart from sruti it is basically the five sense

> organs that serve as pramanas. But which pramana do I use to perceive a

> certain feeling coming up (like compassion, joy or decisiveness) . Can

> someone please clarify?

>

> Om Shanti

>

> Sitara

>

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advaitin , " Sitara " <smitali17 wrote:

>

>

> Dear all,

>

> Namaste

>

> So far I understood that apart from sruti it is basically the five sense

> organs that serve as pramanas. But which pramana do I use to perceive a

> certain feeling coming up (like compassion, joy or decisiveness) . Can

> someone please clarify?

>

> Om Shanti

>

> Sitara

 

Namaste Sitaraji,

 

The knowledge which is gained through direct

perception via the sense organs, I believe

is a type of knowledge called pratyaksha,

which means direct and immediate.

 

This type of knowledge can be contrasted to

other types of knowledge, such inference,

presumption (and some others) which are not

directly given to us by the sense organs.

(I suppose one could say that these other types

of knowledge require some reasoning. Sort of one step,

two step type of knowledge.)

 

For instance, I see smoke on the hill and infer there is fire.

I see puddles of water in the morning, and assume it has rained

in the night.

 

And as Sri Sastriji says, there is the knowledge

which is illumined by the 'sakshi' the witness.

 

This would be knowledge which is not acquired

through the use of the sense organs. This

is knowledge of thoughts, moods, emotions,

memories etc., things which occur in the mind.

These 'things' (read thoughts) are still known

as objects, but they are not objects of sense

perception.

 

Thus they are referred to as 'sakshi pratyaksha.'

This knowledge, like knowledge given by the

sense organs is direct and immediate, but we

don't require our sense organs to know these

thoughts, these objects of the mind.

 

I have also heard Swami Dayanandaji refer to deep sleep

in which there is no mental object as sakshi pratyaksh.

 

And actually I think that all knowledge of objects

is sakshi pratyaksha in the final analysis, because

all objective knowledge occurs as a thought, which

can be said to be illumined by the sakshi.

 

It's also my understanding that in the end, it is

seen that there really isn't some type of

separate entity called the sakshi, but rather

there is just Knowledge. That by which all

thoughts are known, and that is also atma/brahman.

 

The ahankara thought comes along and claims this

knowledge for itself, saying 'I know this or that.'

But really even that ahankara thought is illumined

by brahman, even that thought is 'known.' Known

not *by* brahman/atma, just known, as known is the

nature of atma. satyam/jnanam/anantam

 

This is still an understanding which I am contemplating,

and I'm not sure that it's entirely correct (but I

think that it may be.)

 

All the best to you,

Durga

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advaitin , Sitara Mitali <smitali17 wrote:

>

> Dear Sadaji, dear Shastriji

>

> Pranams

>

> thanks a lot for your helpful explanation and reference. I have immediately

started studying the indicated site about knowledge which is fabulous.

>

> One other question about Shruti as pramana: Is it only Upanishads that are

considered as pramana or is this extended also to lets say Vivekachudamani or

Brahmasutras (or any others)?

>

> Om Shanti

> Sitara

>

Namaste Sitarji,

 

I can attempt to answer this one as well. As I am not at

all an expert in these matters, I'm sure there are other

more learned members than I who can answer authoritatively,

but I'll try to put down what I've learned and what I

understand.

 

What is it about the Upanishads that serves as a pramana

(a means of knowledge) for self-knowledge?

 

Obviously if I pick up a copy of Kena Upanishad and point

it at someone, no knowledge of the self will ensue :-)

 

If someone picks up a copy of Kena and reads it will

self-knowledge ensue? Most probably not.

 

If I read the words of Kena aloud to another without

any explanation will self-knowledge ensue?

Again most likely not.

 

So how and why is it that the Upanishads are said to

be a pramana for self-knowledge? What is the pramana

we are talking about here?

 

As far as I know the word pramana here actually refers

to the methodology which is found in the Upanishads

which methodology acts as the means for knowledge of

the self.

 

So the important word is methodology. And what is

this methodology? As far as I know, it entails knocking

off incorrect knowledge (or assumptions), and pointing

out what is actually true.

 

There are certain methods, called prakriyas, which do

this. They are pointing out something which is

entirely self-evident, but goes over-looked because

of mental confusion.

 

Prakriyas which point out that when your body/mind

changes, there is that about you which doesn't.

 

That you are always present in exactly the same

way to the waking, dream and deep sleep states.

 

That you are always present in exactly the same

way in all three periods of time, past, present

and future.

 

That whatever aspect of the body or mind your

mind make takes yourself to be, you are present

to each and every one of them.

 

That this world of experience, in which objects

seem to be existing separately, when analyzed

falls apart, and no separately existing 'thing'

can actually be found. Yet all the while there is

something which never goes into or out of existence.

 

So those are the prakriyas as I understand them, the

methodologies employed by the Upanishads, the reason

why the sruti acts as a pramana, a means of knowledge,

which, through negation and assertion, leads to the

direct recognition of myself as brahman, the actual

reality of all that appears to exist as dual.

 

Can this methodology be said to be found in any

other scripture other than the Upanishads? I would

say, definitely it can. However, where does this

knowledge really reside? I would say that it resides

with the teacher, because without the teacher, who

knows how to handle the words found in the texts

as a pramana, as a means of knowledge, the 'key' to

the use of the words, will not be there.

 

So we need both the teacher and the teaching. In this

a way they are one and the same.

 

Best wishes,

Durga

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Namaste,I found that reading Shri Sastri-ji's excellent summary of the Vedanta Paribhasha made me understand the material clearly. Hope it helps you as well!http://www.celextel.org/summaryofvedantabooks/summaryofvedantaparibhasha.html

Ramakrishna2010/2/21 Sitara Mitali <smitali17

thanks a lot for your helpful explanation and reference. I have immediately started studying the indicated site about knowledge which is fabulous.

One other question about Shruti as pramana: Is it only Upanishads that are considered as pramana or is this extended also to lets say Vivekachudamani or Brahmasutras (or any others)?

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advaitin , " Sitara " <smitali17 wrote:

>

> So far I understood that apart from sruti it is basically the five sense

organs that serve as pramanas. But which pramana do I use to perceive a certain

feeling coming up (like compassion, joy or decisiveness) . Can someone please

clarify?

>

> One other question about Shruti as pramana: Is it only Upanishads that are

considered as pramana or is this extended also to lets say Vivekachudamani or

Brahmasutras (or any others)?

Om Shanti

>

> Sitara

>

Hari Om Sitaraji, Pranaams!

 

1. I feel your first question pertains to karaNa - instrument than pramANa -

evidence.

 

That thro which you perceive is instrument(karaNa) and that thro which you

ascertain the validity of what you perceive is evidence(pramANa).

 

The intellect(buddhi) is the instrument for knowing the states/modifications of

mind(manas).

 

2. vedAnto nAma upaniShat pramANaM tad upakArINi shArIrakasUtrAdIni

ca(vedAntasAra of sadAnanda) - Vedanta is the evidence(pramANa)** of the

UpaniShads, as well as the Brahma Sutras and other books like the commentaries

of Upanishads and the Gita etc. that help in the correct expounding of its

meaning.

** The Sanskrit word PramANa literally means the instrument of pramA or

Knowledge.(Translation and notes by Sw. Nikhilananda).

 

Only in Sanskrit language we have incorrect knowledge(bhrama) and right

knowledge(pramA) classification. Hence instrument for obtaining knowledge is

karaNa; pramANa ensures validity of it.

 

In Shri Guru Smriti,

Br. Pranipata Chaitanya

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Dear Sitara-ji,

For Brahman the pramAna is only the upanishads. Brahmasutra, etc., are

acceptable since they do not contradict the upanishads.

Best wishes,

S.N.Sastri

 

advaitin , Sitara Mitali <smitali17 wrote:

>

> Dear Sadaji, dear Shastriji

>

> Pranams

>

> thanks a lot for your helpful explanation and reference. I have immediately

started studying the indicated site about knowledge which is fabulous.

>

> One other question about Shruti as pramana: Is it only Upanishads that are

considered as pramana or is this extended also to lets say Vivekachudamani or

Brahmasutras (or any others)?

>

> Om Shanti

> Sitara

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