Federal (2nd) Constitutional Union, unanimous June 16, 1790

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THE SECOND CONSTITUTIONAL UNION OF THE UNITED STATES RE-BORN BY THE UNANIMITY OF THE 13 STATES, ON JUNE 16, 1790 President Washington signed the presidential letter confirming that the State of Rhode Island had duly submitted the necessary legal documentation confirming that State’s ratification of the U.S. Constitution, when finally voted in convention, on May 29, 1790, in the Newport Constitutional Convention. [[@ 17:17 LMT, Newport]] By this letter to Congress by George Washington, as and when signed and dated June 16, 1790, the Federal Union was invested with unanimous effect by this event, under the American nation state’s second, the federal constitution. [Data and record follows, below.] President George Washington customarily took care of the working day’s correspondence “first thing” in the morning. Typically, between 8:00 a.m.(if not earlier) and 9:00 a.m. Sun 04Ge31, 12H . . . Luna 20Can56, 1H . . . Asc 20Can50 June 16, 1790 @ 8:16 a.m. [LMT, Wall Street, New York City] Journal of the Senate of the United States of America, 1789-1793WEDNESDAY, JUNE 16, 1790. The Senate assembled: present as yesterday. Mr. Wingate, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, reported, that they had examined the bill, entitled "An act for giving effect to an act, entitled, An act to establish the judicial courts of the United States within the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations," and had found it correct. The Senate proceeded to the second reading of the bill, entitled "An act for the relief of Nathaniel Twining." Ordered, That it be committed to Messrs. Langdon, Wingate, and, Maclay. The Senate proceeded to the consideration of the report of the committee on the entitled "An act making provision for the debt of the United States;" and, after debate, postponed the further consideration thereof until to-morrow. A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. Beckley, their Clerk: Mr. President: I am directed to bring to the Senate an enrolled bill, which has been signed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives. And he withdrew. The Vice President affixed his signature to the enrolled bill, entitled "An act for giving effect to an act, entitled 'An act to establish the judicial courts of the United States within the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations," and it was delivered to the committee to be laid before the President of

the United States. A written message from the President of the United States was communicated by Mr. Lear, his Secretary. And he withdrew. Gentlemen of the Senate,and House of Representatives: The ratification of the constitution of the United States of America by the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations was received by me last night; together with a letter to the President of the United States from the President of the convention. I have directed my Secretary to lay before you a copy of each. G. WASHINGTON. United States, June 16, 1790. Page 159 | Rhode-Island, Newport, June 9, 1790. Sir: I had, on the 29th ultimo, the satisfaction of addressing you, after the ratification of the constitution of the United States of America, by the convention of this state; I have now the honor of inclosing the ratification, as then agreed upon by the convention of the people of this state. The Legislature is now in session in this town, an appointment of Senators will undoubtedly take place in the present week, and, from what appears to be the sense of the Legislature, it may be expected that the gentlemen who may be appointed will immediately proceed to take their seats in the Senate of the United

States. I have the honor to be, & c. DANIEL OWEN, President of the

Convention. President of the United States. (A true copy). TOBIAS LEAR,Secretary to the President of the United States. [The constitution of the United States of America, precedes the following ratification.] Ratification of the constitution by the convention of the state of Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations. We, the delegates of the people of the state of Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations, duly elected, and met in convention, having maturely considered the

constitution for the United States of America, agreed to on the seventeenth day of September, in the year one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, by the convention then assembled at Philadelphia, in the commonwealth of Pennsylvania, (a copy Whereof precedes these presents) and having also seriously and deliberately considered the present situation of this state, do declare and make known: 1st. That there are certain natural rights, of which men, when they form a social compact, cannot deprive or divest their

posterity, among which are the enjoyment of life and liberty, with the means of acquiring, possessing, and protecting property, and pursuing and obtaining happiness and safety. 2d. That all power is naturally vested in, and consequently derived from, the people; that magistrates are therefore their trustees and agents, and at all times amenable to them. 3d. That the powers of government may be reassumed by the people whensoever it shall become necessary to their happiness: that the rights of the states,

respectively, to nominate all state officers, and every other power, jurisdiction and right, which is not by the said constitution clearly delegated to the Congress of the United States, or to the departments of the government thereof, remain to the people of the several states, or their respective State Governments, to whom they may have granted the same, and that those clauses in the said constitution, which declare that Congress shall not have or exercise certain powers, do not imply that Congress is entitled to any powers not given by the said constitution, but such clauses are to be construed as exceptions to certain specified powers, or as inserted merely for greater caution. 4th. That religion, or the duty which we owe to our

Creator, and the manner of discharging it, can be directed only by reason and conviction, and not by force or violence; and, therefore, all men have an equal, natural, and unalienable right to the free exercise of religion, according to the dictates of conscience, and that no particular religious sect or society ought to be favored, or established by law, in preference to others. 5th. That the legislative, executive, and judiciary powers of government, should be separate and distinct; and that the members of the two first may be restrained from oppression, by feeling and participating the public burdens, they should, at fixed periods, be reduced to a private station, return into the mass of the people, and the vacancies be supplied by

certain and regular elections, in which all or any part of the former members to be eligible or ineligible, as the rules of the constitution of government and the laws shall direct. 6th. That elections of representatives in the legislature ought to be free and frequent; and all men having sufficient evidence of permanent common interest with, and attachment to the community, ought to have the right of suffrage; and no aid, charge, tax, or fee, can be set, rated, or levied upon the people, without their own Page 160 | consent, or that of their representatives so elected; nor can they be bound by any law to which they have not, in like manner, assented, for the public good. 7th. That all power of suspending laws, or the execution of laws, by any authority, without the consent of the representatives of the people in the legislature, is injurious to their rights, and ought not to be exercised. 8th. That in all capital and criminal prosecutions, a man hath a right to demand the cause and nature of his accusation, to be confronted with the accusers and witnesses, to call for evidence, and be allowed counsel in his favor, and to a fair and speedy trial by an impartial jury of his vicinage, without whose unanimous consent he cannot be found guilty, (except in the government of the land and naval forces,) nor can he be compelled to give evidence

against himself. 9th. That no freeman ought to be taken, imprisoned, or dis-seized of his freehold, liberties, privileges or franchises, or outlawed, or exiled, or in any manner destroyed or deprived of his life, liberty, or property, but by the trial by jury, or by the law of the land. 10th. That every freeman restrained of his liberty is entitled to a remedy to inquire into the lawfulness thereof, and to remove the same if unlawful, and that such remedy ought not to be denied or delayed.

11th. That in controversies respecting property, and in suits between man and man, the ancient trial by jury, as hath been exercised by us and our ancestors front the time whereof the memory of man is not to the contrary, is one of the greatest securities to the rights of the people, and ought to remain sacred and inviolable. 12th. That every freeman ought to obtain right and justice freely, and without sale; completely and without denial promptly and without delay; and that all establishments or

regulations contravening these rights, are oppressive and unjust. 13th. That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel or unusual punishments inflicted. 14th. That every person has a right to be secure from all unreasonable searches and seizures of his person, his papers, or his property; and, therefore, that all warrants to search suspected places, or seize any person, his papers, or his property, without information upon oath or affirmation, of sufficient cause,

are grievous and oppressive; and that all general warrants (or such in which the place or person suspected are not particularly designated) are dangerous, and ought not to be granted. 15th. That the people have a right peaceably to assemble together, to consult for their common good, or to instruct their representatives; and that every person has a right to petition or apply to the legislature, for redress of grievances. 16th. That the people have a right to freedom of speech, and of writing and

publishing their sentiments; that freedom of the press is one of the greatest bulwarks of liberty, and ought not to be violated. 17th. That the people have a right to keep and bear arms; that a well regulated militia, including the body of the people capable of bearing arms, is the proper, natural, and safe defense of a free state; that the militia shall not be subject to martial law, except in time of war, rebellion, or insurrection; that standing armies, in time of peace, are dangerous to liberty, and ought not to be kept up, except in eases of necessity; and that at all times, the military should be under strict subordination to the civil power; that in time of peace no soldier ought to be quartered in any house, without the consent of

the owner, and in time of war, only by the civil magistrate, in such manner as the law directs. 18th. That any person religiously scrupulous of bearing arms ought to be exempted, upon payment of an equivalent to employ another to bear arms in his stead. Under these impressions, and declaring that the rights aforesaid cannot be abridged

or violated, and that the explanations aforesaid are consistent With the said constitution; and in confidence that the amendments hereafter mentioned will receive an early and mature consideration, and conformably to the fifth article of said constitution; speedily become a part thereof: we, the said. delegates, in the name, and in the behalf, of the people of the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, do, by these presents, assent to, and ratify, the said constitution; in full confidence, nevertheless, that, until the amendments hereafter proposed and under mentioned, shall be agreed. to and ratified, pursuant to the aforesaid fifth article, the militia of this state will not be continued in service out of this state for a longer term than six weeks, without the consent of the Legislature thereof; that the Congress will not make or alter any regulation in this state respecting the times, places,

and manner of holding election for Senators or Representatives, unless the Legislature of this state shall neglect or refuse to make laws or regulations for the purpose, or from any circumstance be incapable of making the same; and that, in those cases, such power will only be Page 161 | exercised until the Legislature of this state shall make provision in the premises; that the Congress will not lay direct taxes within this state, but where the moneys arising from the impost, tonnage, and excise, shall he insufficient for the public exigencies; nor until Congress shall have first made a requisition upon this state to assess, levy, and pay, the amount of such requisition, made agreeable to the census fixed in the said constitution, in such way and manner as the Legislature of this state shall judge best; and that Congress will not lay any capitation or poll

tax. Done in convention at Newport, in the county of Newport, in the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, the twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety, and in the fourteenth year of the independence of the United States of America. [RATIFIED @ 17:17 LMT, Newport] By order of the convention, DANIEL OWEN,

President. Attested,Daniel Updike, Secretary. And the convention do, in the name and behalf of the people of the state of Rhode Island and

Providence Plantations, enjoin it upon their Senators and Representative or Representatives, which may be elected to represent this state in Congress, to exert all their influence, and use all reasonable means, to obtain a ratification of the following amendments to the said constitution, in the manner prescribed therein; and in all laws to be passed by the Congress in the mean time, to conform to the spirit of the said amendments, as far as the constitution will admit. AMENDMENTS. 1st. The United States shall guarantee to each state its sovereignty, freedom, and independence; and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this constitution expressly delegated to the United States. 2d. That Congress shall not alter, modify, or interfere in, the times, places, or manner, of holding elections for Senators and Representatives, or either of them, except when the legislature of any state shall neglect, refuse, or be disabled by

invasion or rebellion, to prescribe the same; or in case when the provision made by the states is so imperfect, as that no consequent election is had, and then only until the legislature of such state shall make provision in the premises. 3d. It is declared by the convention, that the judicial power of the United States, in cases in which a state may be a party, does not extend to criminal prosecutions, or to authorize any suit by any person against a state; but, to remove all doubts or controversies respecting the same, that it be especially expressed as a part of the constitution of the United States, that Congress shall not directly or indirectly, either by themselves, or through the judiciary, interfere with any one of the states in

the redemption of paper money already emitted, and now in circulation, or in liquidating or discharging the public securities of any one state: that each and every state shall have the exclusive right of making such laws and regulations for the before mentioned purpose, as they shall think proper. 4th. That no amendments to the constitution of the United States hereafter to be made, pursuant to the fifth article, shall take effect, or become a part of the constitution of the United States, after the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three, without the consent of eleven of the states heretofore united under one confederation. 5th. That the judicial powers of the United States shall extend to no possible case, where the cause of action shall have originated before the ratification of this constitution, except in disputes between states about their territory, disputes between persons claiming lands under grants of different states, and debts due to the United States. 6th. That no person shall be compelled to do military duty otherwise than by voluntary enlistment, except in cases of general invasion; any thing in the second paragraph of the sixth article of the constitution, or any law made under the constitution, to

the contrary notwithstanding. 7th. That no capitation or poll tax shall ever be laid by Congress. 8th. In cases of direct taxes, Congress shall first make requisitions on the several states to assess, levy, and pay, their respective proportions of such requisitions, in such way and manner as the legislatures of the several states shall judge best; and in case any state shall neglect or refuse to pay its proportion, pursuant to such requisition, then Congress may assess and levy such state's proportion,

together with interest, at the rate of six per cent. per annum, from the time prescribed in such requisition. Page 162 | 9th. That Congress shall lay no direct taxes without the consent of the legislatures of three fourths of the states in the Union. 10th. That the journals of the proceedings of the Senate and House of

Representatives shall be published as soon as conveniently may be, at least once in every year, except such parts thereof relating to treaties, alliances, or military operations, as in their judgment require secrecy. 11th. That regular statements of the receipts and expenditures of all public moneys shall be published at least once a year. 12th. As standing armies in time of peace are dangerous to liberty, and ought not to be kept up except in cases of necessity; and, as at all

times the military should be under strict subordination to the civil power, that, therefore, no standing army, or regular troops, shall be raised or kept up in time of peace. 13th. That no moneys be borrowed on the credit of the United States, without the assent of two thirds of the Senators and Representatives present in each House. 14th. That the Congress shall not declare war, without the concurrence of two thirds of

the Senators and Representatives present in each House. 15th. That the words "without the consent of Congress," in the seventh clause in the ninth section of the first article of the constitution, be expunged. 16th. That no judge of the supreme court of the United States, shall hold any other office under the United States, or any of them; nor shall any officer appointed by Congress, or by the President and Senate of the United States, be permitted to hold any office under the appointment of any of the

states. 17th. As a traffic tending to establish or continue the slavery of any part of the human species, is disgraceful to the cause of liberty and humanity, that Congress shall, as soon as may be, promote and establish such laws and regulations as may effectually prevent the importation of slaves of every description into the United States. 18th. That the state legislatures have power to recall, when they think it expedient, their federal Senators, and to send others in their stead.

19th. That Congress has power to establish a uniform rule of inhabitancy or settlement of the poor of the different states, throughout the United States. 20th. That Congress erects no company with exclusive advantages of commerce. 21st. That, when two members shall move or call for the ayes or nays on any question, they shall be entered on the journals of the Houses respectively. Done in convention at Newport, in the county of Newport, in the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, the twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety, and the fourteenth

year of the independence of the United States of America. By order of the convention, DANIEL OWEN, President. Attested,Daniel Updike, Secretary. A true copy. TOBIAS LEARSecretary to the President of the United States. The Senate adjourned to 11 o'clock to-morrow

morning.

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Hi Jorge Time for a break, have mis-typed the time in my early copy. Please delete the previous post The event in question is June 16, 1790 @ 8:14 a.m.(per my zodiac program), New York City Asc: 20Can50 & Luna 20Can56 CheersJohnTWB <blazingstar1776 wrote: THE SECOND CONSTITUTIONAL

UNION OF THE UNITED STATES RE-BORN BY THE UNANIMITY OF THE 13 STATES, ON JUNE 16, 1790 President Washington signed the presidential letter confirming that the State of Rhode Island had duly submitted the necessary legal documentation confirming that State’s ratification of the U.S. Constitution, when finally voted in convention, on May 29, 1790, in the Newport Constitutional Convention. [[@ 17:17 LMT,

Newport]] By this letter to Congress by George Washington, as and when signed and dated June 16, 1790, the Federal Union was invested with unanimous effect by this event, under the American nation state’s second, the federal constitution. [Data and record follows, below.] President George Washington customarily took care of the working day’s correspondence “first thing” in the morning. Typically, between 8:00 a.m.(if not earlier) and 9:00 a.m. Sun 04Ge31, 12H . . . Luna 20Can56, 1H . . . Asc 20Can50 June 16, 1790 @ 8:14 a.m. [LMT, Wall Street, New York City] Journal of the Senate of the United States of America, 1789-1793WEDNESDAY, JUNE 16, 1790. The

Senate assembled: present as yesterday. Mr. Wingate, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, reported, that they had examined the bill, entitled "An act for giving effect to an act, entitled, An act to establish the judicial courts of the United States within the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations," and had found it correct. The Senate proceeded to the second reading of the bill, entitled "An act for the relief of Nathaniel Twining." Ordered, That it be committed to Messrs. Langdon, Wingate, and, Maclay. The Senate proceeded to the consideration of the report of the committee on the entitled "An act making provision for the debt of the United States;" and, after debate, postponed the further consideration thereof until to-morrow. A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. Beckley, their Clerk: Mr. President: I am directed to bring to the Senate an enrolled bill, which has been signed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives. And he withdrew. The Vice President affixed his signature to the enrolled bill, entitled "An act for giving effect to an act, entitled 'An act to establish the judicial courts of the United States within the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations," and it was delivered

to the committee to be laid before the President of the United States. A written message from the President of the United States was communicated by Mr. Lear, his Secretary. And he withdrew. Gentlemen of the Senate,and House of Representatives: The ratification of the constitution of the United States of America by the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations was received by me last night; together with a letter to the President of the United States from the President of the convention. I have directed my Secretary to lay before you a copy of each. G. WASHINGTON. United States, June 16, 1790. Page 159 | Rhode-Island, Newport, June 9, 1790. Sir: I had, on the 29th ultimo, the satisfaction of addressing you, after the ratification of the constitution of the United States of America, by the convention of this state; I have now the honor of inclosing the ratification, as then agreed upon by the convention of the people of this state. The Legislature is now in session in this town, an appointment of Senators will undoubtedly take place in the present week, and, from what appears to be the sense of the Legislature, it may be expected that the gentlemen who may be appointed will immediately proceed to take their seats in the Senate of the United States. I have the honor to be,

& c. DANIEL OWEN, President of the Convention. President of the United States. (A true copy). TOBIAS LEAR,Secretary to the President of

the United States. [The constitution of the United States of America, precedes the following ratification.] Ratification of the constitution by the convention of the state of Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations. We, the

delegates of the people of the state of Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations, duly elected, and met in convention, having maturely considered the constitution for the United States of America, agreed to on the seventeenth day of September, in the year one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, by the convention then assembled at Philadelphia, in the commonwealth of Pennsylvania, (a copy Whereof precedes these presents) and having also seriously and deliberately considered the present situation of this state, do declare and make known: 1st. That there are certain natural rights, of which men, when they form a social compact, cannot deprive or divest their posterity, among which are the enjoyment of life and liberty, with the

means of acquiring, possessing, and protecting property, and pursuing and obtaining happiness and safety. 2d. That all power is naturally vested in, and consequently derived from, the people; that magistrates are therefore their trustees and agents, and at all times amenable to them. 3d. That the powers of government may be reassumed by the people whensoever it shall become necessary to their happiness: that the rights of the states, respectively, to nominate all state officers, and every other power, jurisdiction and right, which is not by the said constitution clearly delegated to the Congress of the United States, or to the departments of the government thereof, remain to the people of the several states, or their respective State Governments, to whom

they may have granted the same, and that those clauses in the said constitution, which declare that Congress shall not have or exercise certain powers, do not imply that Congress is entitled to any powers not given by the said constitution, but such clauses are to be construed as exceptions to certain specified powers, or as inserted merely for greater caution. 4th. That religion, or the duty which we owe to our Creator, and the manner of discharging it, can be directed only by reason and conviction, and not by force or violence; and, therefore, all men have an equal, natural, and unalienable right to the free exercise of religion, according to the dictates of conscience, and that no particular religious sect or society ought to be favored, or established by law, in preference to others. 5th. That the legislative, executive, and judiciary powers of government, should be separate and distinct; and that the members of the two first may be restrained from oppression, by feeling and participating the public burdens, they should, at fixed periods, be reduced to a private station, return into the mass of the people, and the vacancies be supplied by certain and regular elections, in which all or any part of the former members to be eligible or ineligible, as the rules of the constitution of government and the laws shall direct. 6th. That elections of representatives in the legislature ought to be free and frequent; and all men having sufficient evidence of permanent common interest with, and attachment to the community, ought to have the right of suffrage; and no aid, charge, tax, or fee, can be set, rated, or levied upon

the people, without their own Page 160 | consent, or that of their representatives so elected; nor can they be bound by any law to which they have not, in like manner, assented, for the public good. 7th. That all power of suspending laws, or the execution of laws, by any authority, without the consent of the representatives of the people in the

legislature, is injurious to their rights, and ought not to be exercised. 8th. That in all capital and criminal prosecutions, a man hath a right to demand the cause and nature of his accusation, to be confronted with the accusers and witnesses, to call for evidence, and be allowed counsel in his favor, and to a fair and speedy trial by an impartial jury of his vicinage, without whose unanimous consent he cannot be found guilty, (except in the government of the land and naval forces,) nor can he be compelled to give evidence against himself. 9th. That no freeman ought to be taken, imprisoned, or dis-seized of his freehold, liberties, privileges or franchises, or outlawed, or exiled, or in any manner destroyed or deprived of his life, liberty, or property,

but by the trial by jury, or by the law of the land. 10th. That every freeman restrained of his liberty is entitled to a remedy to inquire into the lawfulness thereof, and to remove the same if unlawful, and that such remedy ought not to be denied or delayed. 11th. That in controversies respecting property, and in suits between man and man, the ancient trial by jury, as hath been exercised by us and our ancestors front the time whereof the memory of man is not to the contrary, is one of the greatest securities to the rights of the people, and ought to remain sacred and inviolable. 12th. That every freeman ought to obtain right and justice freely,

and without sale; completely and without denial promptly and without delay; and that all establishments or regulations contravening these rights, are oppressive and unjust. 13th. That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel or unusual punishments inflicted. 14th. That every person has a right to be secure from all unreasonable searches and seizures of his person, his papers, or his property; and, therefore, that all warrants to search suspected places, or seize any person, his papers, or his property, without information upon oath or affirmation, of sufficient cause, are grievous and oppressive; and that all general warrants (or such in which the place or person suspected are not particularly designated) are

dangerous, and ought not to be granted. 15th. That the people have a right peaceably to assemble together, to consult for their common good, or to instruct their representatives; and that every person has a right to petition or apply to the legislature, for redress of grievances. 16th. That the people have a right to freedom of speech, and of writing and publishing their sentiments; that freedom of the press is one of the greatest bulwarks of liberty, and ought not to be violated. 17th. That the people have a right to keep and bear arms; that a well regulated militia, including the body of the people capable of bearing arms, is the proper,

natural, and safe defense of a free state; that the militia shall not be subject to martial law, except in time of war, rebellion, or insurrection; that standing armies, in time of peace, are dangerous to liberty, and ought not to be kept up, except in eases of necessity; and that at all times, the military should be under strict subordination to the civil power; that in time of peace no soldier ought to be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, and in time of war, only by the civil magistrate, in such manner as the law directs. 18th. That any person religiously scrupulous of bearing arms ought to be exempted, upon payment of an equivalent to employ another to bear arms in his stead. Under these impressions, and declaring that the rights aforesaid cannot be abridged or violated, and that the explanations aforesaid are consistent With the said constitution; and in confidence that the amendments hereafter mentioned will receive an early and mature consideration, and conformably to the fifth article of said constitution; speedily become a part thereof: we, the said. delegates, in the name, and in the behalf, of the people of the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, do, by these presents, assent to, and ratify, the said constitution; in full confidence, nevertheless, that, until the amendments hereafter proposed and under mentioned, shall be agreed. to and ratified, pursuant to the aforesaid fifth article, the militia of this state will not be continued in service out of this state for a longer term than six weeks, without the consent of the

Legislature thereof; that the Congress will not make or alter any regulation in this state respecting the times, places, and manner of holding election for Senators or Representatives, unless the Legislature of this state shall neglect or refuse to make laws or regulations for the purpose, or from any circumstance be incapable of making the same; and that, in those cases, such power will only be Page 161 | exercised until the Legislature of this state shall make provision in the premises; that the Congress will not lay direct taxes within this state, but where the moneys arising from the impost, tonnage, and excise, shall he insufficient for the public exigencies; nor until Congress shall have first made a requisition upon this state to assess, levy, and pay, the amount of such requisition, made agreeable to the census fixed in the said constitution, in such way and manner as the Legislature of this state shall judge best; and that Congress will not lay any capitation or poll tax. Done in convention at Newport, in the county of Newport, in the

state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, the twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety, and in the fourteenth year of the independence of the United States of America. [RATIFIED @ 17:17 LMT, Newport] By order of the convention, DANIEL OWEN, President. Attested,Daniel Updike, Secretary. And the convention do, in the name and behalf of the people of the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, enjoin it upon their Senators and Representative or Representatives, which may be elected to represent this state in Congress, to exert all their influence, and use all reasonable means, to obtain a ratification of the following amendments to the said constitution, in the manner prescribed therein; and in all laws to be passed by the Congress in the mean time, to conform to the spirit of the said amendments, as far as the constitution will admit. AMENDMENTS. 1st. The United States shall guarantee to each state its sovereignty, freedom, and independence; and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this constitution expressly delegated to the United States. 2d. That Congress shall not alter, modify, or interfere in, the times, places, or manner, of holding elections for Senators and Representatives, or either of them, except when the legislature of any state shall neglect, refuse, or be

disabled by invasion or rebellion, to prescribe the same; or in case when the provision made by the states is so imperfect, as that no consequent election is had, and then only until the legislature of such state shall make provision in the premises. 3d. It is declared by the convention, that the judicial power of the United States, in cases in which a state may be a party, does not extend to criminal prosecutions, or to authorize any suit by any person against a state; but, to remove all doubts or controversies respecting the same, that it be especially expressed as a part of the constitution of the United States, that Congress shall not directly or indirectly, either by themselves, or through the judiciary, interfere with any one of the states in the redemption of paper money already emitted, and now in circulation, or in liquidating or discharging the public

securities of any one state: that each and every state shall have the exclusive right of making such laws and regulations for the before mentioned purpose, as they shall think proper. 4th. That no amendments to the constitution of the United States hereafter to be made, pursuant to the fifth article, shall take effect, or become a part of the constitution of the United States, after the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three, without the consent of eleven of the states heretofore united under one confederation. 5th. That the judicial powers of the United States shall extend to no possible case, where the cause of action shall have originated before the ratification of this constitution, except in disputes between states about their territory,

disputes between persons claiming lands under grants of different states, and debts due to the United States. 6th. That no person shall be compelled to do military duty otherwise than by voluntary enlistment, except in cases of general invasion; any thing in the second paragraph of the sixth article of the constitution, or any law made under the constitution, to the contrary notwithstanding. 7th. That no capitation or poll tax shall ever be laid by Congress. 8th. In cases of direct taxes, Congress shall first make requisitions on the several states to assess, levy, and pay, their respective proportions of such requisitions, in such way and manner as

the legislatures of the several states shall judge best; and in case any state shall neglect or refuse to pay its proportion, pursuant to such requisition, then Congress may assess and levy such state's proportion, together with interest, at the rate of six per cent. per annum, from the time prescribed in such requisition. Page 162 |

9th. That Congress shall

lay no direct taxes without the consent of the legislatures of three fourths of the states in the Union. 10th. That the journals of the proceedings of the Senate and House of Representatives shall be published as soon as conveniently may be, at least once in every year, except such parts thereof relating to treaties, alliances, or military operations, as in their judgment require secrecy. 11th. That regular statements of the receipts and expenditures of all public moneys shall be published at least once a year. 12th. As standing armies in time of peace are dangerous to liberty, and ought not to be kept up except in cases of necessity; and, as at all times the military should be under strict subordination to the civil power, that, therefore, no standing army, or regular troops, shall be raised or kept up in time of peace. 13th. That no moneys be borrowed on the credit of the United States, without the assent of two thirds of the Senators and Representatives present in each House. 14th. That the Congress shall not declare war, without the concurrence of two thirds of the Senators and Representatives present in each House. 15th. That the words "without the consent of Congress," in the seventh clause in the ninth section of the first article of the constitution, be expunged. 16th. That no judge of the supreme court of the United States, shall hold any other office under the United States, or any of them; nor shall any officer appointed by Congress, or by the President and Senate of the United States, be permitted to hold any office under the appointment of any of the states. 17th. As a traffic tending to establish or continue the slavery of any part of the human species, is disgraceful to the cause of liberty and humanity, that Congress shall, as soon as may be, promote and establish such laws and regulations as may effectually prevent the importation of slaves of every description into the United States. 18th. That the state legislatures have power to recall, when they think it expedient, their federal Senators, and to send others in their stead. 19th. That Congress has power to establish a uniform rule of inhabitancy or settlement of the poor of the different states, throughout the United States. 20th. That Congress erects no company with exclusive advantages of commerce. 21st. That, when two members shall move or call for the ayes or nays on any question, they shall be entered on the journals of the Houses respectively. Done in convention at Newport, in the county of Newport, in the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, the twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety, and the fourteenth year of the independence of the United States of America. By order of the convention, DANIEL OWEN, President. Attested,Daniel Updike, Secretary. A true copy. TOBIAS LEARSecretary to the President of the United States. The Senate adjourned to 11 o'clock to-morrow morning. Bored stiff? Loosen up...Download and play hundreds of games for free on Games.

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Hi John,

 

Thanks for all you effort, including to point out all these

interesting connections in charts representing the many inter-related

events of Americas founding. Your point is that the rising degree of

the SAMVA USA chart that we have arrived at, 20° 58' Cancer, has

merit. I am also confident this will be shown to be the case with our

predictive work. The true test of a chart in SA is the act of making

predictions against it. When the event is authentic, over time the

precise actual degree becomes established. That said, the information

you have provided adds a very interesting additional angle to that

issue.

 

Best wishes,

 

Thor

 

SAMVA , JohnTWB <blazingstar1776 wrote:

>

> Hi Jorge

>

> Time for a break, have mis-typed the time in my early copy.

Please delete the previous post

>

> The event in question is June 16, 1790 @ 8:14 a.m.(per my zodiac

program), New York City

>

> Asc: 20Can50 & Luna 20Can56

>

> Cheers

>

> JohnTWB <blazingstar1776 wrote:

>

> THE SECOND CONSTITUTIONAL UNION OF THE UNITED STATES

>

>

> RE-BORN BY THE UNANIMITY OF THE 13 STATES, ON JUNE 16, 1790

>

>

> President Washington signed the presidential letter confirming

that the State of Rhode Island had duly submitted the necessary legal

documentation confirming that State's ratification of the U.S.

Constitution, when finally voted in convention, on May 29, 1790, in

the Newport Constitutional Convention. [[@ 17:17 LMT, Newport]]

>

> By this letter to Congress by George Washington, as and when

signed and dated June 16, 1790, the Federal Union was invested with

unanimous effect by this event, under the American nation state's

second, the federal constitution. [Data and record follows, below.]

>

>

> President George Washington customarily took care of the working

day's correspondence " first thing " in the morning. Typically, between

8:00 a.m.(if not earlier) and 9:00 a.m.

>

>

> Sun 04Ge31, 12H . . . Luna 20Can56, 1H . . . Asc 20Can50

>

>

> June 16, 1790 @ 8:14 a.m. [LMT, Wall Street, New York City]

>

> Journal of the Senate of the United States of America, 1789-1793

> WEDNESDAY, JUNE 16, 1790.

> The Senate assembled: present as yesterday.

>

> Mr. Wingate, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, reported, that

they had examined the bill, entitled " An act for giving effect to an

act, entitled, An act to establish the judicial courts of the United

States within the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, "

and had found it correct.

>

> The Senate proceeded to the second reading of the bill,

entitled " An act for the relief of Nathaniel Twining. "

>

> Ordered, That it be committed to Messrs. Langdon, Wingate, and,

Maclay.

>

> The Senate proceeded to the consideration of the report of the

committee on the entitled " An act making provision for the debt of

the United States; " and, after debate, postponed the further

consideration thereof until to-morrow.

>

> A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. Beckley,

their Clerk:

>

> Mr. President: I am directed to bring to the Senate an enrolled

bill, which has been signed by the Speaker of the House of

Representatives. And he withdrew.

>

> The Vice President affixed his signature to the enrolled bill,

entitled " An act for giving effect to an act, entitled 'An act to

establish the judicial courts of the United States within the state

of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, " and it was delivered to

the committee to be laid before the President of the United States.

>

> A written message from the President of the United States was

communicated by Mr. Lear, his Secretary. And he withdrew.

>

> Gentlemen of the Senate,

> and House of Representatives:

>

> The ratification of the constitution of the United States of

America by the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations was

received by me last night; together with a letter to the President of

the United States from the President of the convention. I have

directed my Secretary to lay before you a copy of each.

>

> G. WASHINGTON.

>

> United States, June 16, 1790.

>

>

>

> Page 159 |

>

> Rhode-Island, Newport, June 9, 1790.

>

> Sir: I had, on the 29th ultimo, the satisfaction of addressing

you, after the ratification of the constitution of the United States

of America, by the convention of this state; I have now the honor of

inclosing the ratification, as then agreed upon by the convention of

the people of this state. The Legislature is now in session in this

town, an appointment of Senators will undoubtedly take place in the

present week, and, from what appears to be the sense of the

Legislature, it may be expected that the gentlemen who may be

appointed will immediately proceed to take their seats in the Senate

of the United States.

>

> I have the honor to be, & c.

>

> DANIEL OWEN, President of the Convention.

>

> President of the United States.

> (A true copy).

>

> TOBIAS LEAR,

> Secretary to the President of the United States.

>

> [The constitution of the United States of America, precedes the

following ratification.]

>

> Ratification of the constitution by the convention of the state

of Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations.

>

> We, the delegates of the people of the state of Rhode-Island and

Providence Plantations, duly elected, and met in convention, having

maturely considered the constitution for the United States of

America, agreed to on the seventeenth day of September, in the year

one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, by the convention then

assembled at Philadelphia, in the commonwealth of Pennsylvania, (a

copy Whereof precedes these presents) and having also seriously and

deliberately considered the present situation of this state, do

declare and make known:

>

>

> 1st. That there are certain natural rights, of which men, when

they form a social compact, cannot deprive or divest their posterity,

among which are the enjoyment of life and liberty, with the means of

acquiring, possessing, and protecting property, and pursuing and

obtaining happiness and safety.

> 2d. That all power is naturally vested in, and consequently

derived from, the people; that magistrates are therefore their

trustees and agents, and at all times amenable to them.

> 3d. That the powers of government may be reassumed by the people

whensoever it shall become necessary to their happiness: that the

rights of the states, respectively, to nominate all state officers,

and every other power, jurisdiction and right, which is not by the

said constitution clearly delegated to the Congress of the United

States, or to the departments of the government thereof, remain to

the people of the several states, or their respective State

Governments, to whom they may have granted the same, and that those

clauses in the said constitution, which declare that Congress shall

not have or exercise certain powers, do not imply that Congress is

entitled to any powers not given by the said constitution, but such

clauses are to be construed as exceptions to certain specified

powers, or as inserted merely for greater caution.

> 4th. That religion, or the duty which we owe to our Creator, and

the manner of discharging it, can be directed only by reason and

conviction, and not by force or violence; and, therefore, all men

have an equal, natural, and unalienable right to the free exercise of

religion, according to the dictates of conscience, and that no

particular religious sect or society ought to be favored, or

established by law, in preference to others.

> 5th. That the legislative, executive, and judiciary powers of

government, should be separate and distinct; and that the members of

the two first may be restrained from oppression, by feeling and

participating the public burdens, they should, at fixed periods, be

reduced to a private station, return into the mass of the people, and

the vacancies be supplied by certain and regular elections, in which

all or any part of the former members to be eligible or ineligible,

as the rules of the constitution of government and the laws shall

direct.

> 6th. That elections of representatives in the legislature ought

to be free and frequent; and all men having sufficient evidence of

permanent common interest with, and attachment to the community,

ought to have the right of suffrage; and no aid, charge, tax, or fee,

can be set, rated, or levied upon the people, without their own

>

>

>

> Page 160 |

>

> consent, or that of their representatives so elected; nor can they

be bound by any law to which they have not, in like manner, assented,

for the public good.

>

> 7th. That all power of suspending laws, or the execution of

laws, by any authority, without the consent of the representatives of

the people in the legislature, is injurious to their rights, and

ought not to be exercised.

> 8th. That in all capital and criminal prosecutions, a man hath a

right to demand the cause and nature of his accusation, to be

confronted with the accusers and witnesses, to call for evidence, and

be allowed counsel in his favor, and to a fair and speedy trial by an

impartial jury of his vicinage, without whose unanimous consent he

cannot be found guilty, (except in the government of the land and

naval forces,) nor can he be compelled to give evidence against

himself.

> 9th. That no freeman ought to be taken, imprisoned, or dis-

seized of his freehold, liberties, privileges or franchises, or

outlawed, or exiled, or in any manner destroyed or deprived of his

life, liberty, or property, but by the trial by jury, or by the law

of the land.

> 10th. That every freeman restrained of his liberty is entitled

to a remedy to inquire into the lawfulness thereof, and to remove the

same if unlawful, and that such remedy ought not to be denied or

delayed.

> 11th. That in controversies respecting property, and in suits

between man and man, the ancient trial by jury, as hath been

exercised by us and our ancestors front the time whereof the memory

of man is not to the contrary, is one of the greatest securities to

the rights of the people, and ought to remain sacred and

inviolable.

> 12th. That every freeman ought to obtain right and justice

freely, and without sale; completely and without denial promptly and

without delay; and that all establishments or regulations

contravening these rights, are oppressive and unjust.

> 13th. That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor

excessive fines imposed, nor cruel or unusual punishments

inflicted.

> 14th. That every person has a right to be secure from all

unreasonable searches and seizures of his person, his papers, or his

property; and, therefore, that all warrants to search suspected

places, or seize any person, his papers, or his property, without

information upon oath or affirmation, of sufficient cause, are

grievous and oppressive; and that all general warrants (or such in

which the place or person suspected are not particularly designated)

are dangerous, and ought not to be granted.

> 15th. That the people have a right peaceably to assemble

together, to consult for their common good, or to instruct their

representatives; and that every person has a right to petition or

apply to the legislature, for redress of grievances.

> 16th. That the people have a right to freedom of speech, and of

writing and publishing their sentiments; that freedom of the press is

one of the greatest bulwarks of liberty, and ought not to be

violated.

> 17th. That the people have a right to keep and bear arms; that a

well regulated militia, including the body of the people capable of

bearing arms, is the proper, natural, and safe defense of a free

state; that the militia shall not be subject to martial law, except

in time of war, rebellion, or insurrection; that standing armies, in

time of peace, are dangerous to liberty, and ought not to be kept up,

except in eases of necessity; and that at all times, the military

should be under strict subordination to the civil power; that in time

of peace no soldier ought to be quartered in any house, without the

consent of the owner, and in time of war, only by the civil

magistrate, in such manner as the law directs.

> 18th. That any person religiously scrupulous of bearing arms

ought to be exempted, upon payment of an equivalent to employ another

to bear arms in his stead.

>

> Under these impressions, and declaring that the rights aforesaid

cannot be abridged or violated, and that the explanations aforesaid

are consistent With the said constitution; and in confidence that the

amendments hereafter mentioned will receive an early and mature

consideration, and conformably to the fifth article of said

constitution; speedily become a part thereof: we, the said.

delegates, in the name, and in the behalf, of the people of the state

of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, do, by these presents,

assent to, and ratify, the said constitution; in full confidence,

nevertheless, that, until the amendments hereafter proposed and under

mentioned, shall be agreed. to and ratified, pursuant to the

aforesaid fifth article, the militia of this state will not be

continued in service out of this state for a longer term than six

weeks, without the consent of the Legislature thereof; that the

Congress will not make or alter any regulation in this state

respecting

> the times, places, and manner of holding election for Senators or

Representatives, unless the Legislature of this state shall neglect

or refuse to make laws or regulations for the purpose, or from any

circumstance be incapable of making the same; and that, in those

cases, such power will only be

>

>

>

> Page 161 |

>

>

>

> exercised until the Legislature of this state shall make

provision in the premises; that the Congress will not lay direct

taxes within this state, but where the moneys arising from the

impost, tonnage, and excise, shall he insufficient for the public

exigencies; nor until Congress shall have first made a requisition

upon this state to assess, levy, and pay, the amount of such

requisition, made agreeable to the census fixed in the said

constitution, in such way and manner as the Legislature of this state

shall judge best; and that Congress will not lay any capitation or

poll tax.

>

> Done in convention at Newport, in the county of Newport, in the

state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, the twenty-ninth

day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and

ninety, and in the fourteenth year of the independence of the United

States of America. [RATIFIED @ 17:17 LMT, Newport]

>

> By order of the convention,

>

> DANIEL OWEN, President.

>

> Attested,

> Daniel Updike, Secretary.

>

> And the convention do, in the name and behalf of the people of

the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, enjoin it upon

their Senators and Representative or Representatives, which may be

elected to represent this state in Congress, to exert all their

influence, and use all reasonable means, to obtain a ratification of

the following amendments to the said constitution, in the manner

prescribed therein; and in all laws to be passed by the Congress in

the mean time, to conform to the spirit of the said amendments, as

far as the constitution will admit.

>

> AMENDMENTS.

>

> 1st. The United States shall guarantee to each state its

sovereignty, freedom, and independence; and every power,

jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this constitution expressly

delegated to the United States.

> 2d. That Congress shall not alter, modify, or interfere in, the

times, places, or manner, of holding elections for Senators and

Representatives, or either of them, except when the legislature of

any state shall neglect, refuse, or be disabled by invasion or

rebellion, to prescribe the same; or in case when the provision made

by the states is so imperfect, as that no consequent election is had,

and then only until the legislature of such state shall make

provision in the premises.

> 3d. It is declared by the convention, that the judicial power of

the United States, in cases in which a state may be a party, does not

extend to criminal prosecutions, or to authorize any suit by any

person against a state; but, to remove all doubts or controversies

respecting the same, that it be especially expressed as a part of the

constitution of the United States, that Congress shall not directly

or indirectly, either by themselves, or through the judiciary,

interfere with any one of the states in the redemption of paper money

already emitted, and now in circulation, or in liquidating or

discharging the public securities of any one state: that each and

every state shall have the exclusive right of making such laws and

regulations for the before mentioned purpose, as they shall think

proper.

> 4th. That no amendments to the constitution of the United States

hereafter to be made, pursuant to the fifth article, shall take

effect, or become a part of the constitution of the United States,

after the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three, without

the consent of eleven of the states heretofore united under one

confederation.

> 5th. That the judicial powers of the United States shall extend

to no possible case, where the cause of action shall have originated

before the ratification of this constitution, except in disputes

between states about their territory, disputes between persons

claiming lands under grants of different states, and debts due to the

United States.

> 6th. That no person shall be compelled to do military duty

otherwise than by voluntary enlistment, except in cases of general

invasion; any thing in the second paragraph of the sixth article of

the constitution, or any law made under the constitution, to the

contrary notwithstanding.

> 7th. That no capitation or poll tax shall ever be laid by

Congress.

> 8th. In cases of direct taxes, Congress shall first make

requisitions on the several states to assess, levy, and pay, their

respective proportions of such requisitions, in such way and manner

as the legislatures of the several states shall judge best; and in

case any state shall neglect or refuse to pay its proportion,

pursuant to such requisition, then Congress may assess and levy such

state's proportion, together with interest, at the rate of six per

cent. per annum, from the time prescribed in such requisition.

>

>

>

> Page 162

|

 

>

> 9th. That Congress shall lay no direct taxes without the consent

of the legislatures of three fourths of the states in the

Union.

> 10th. That the journals of the proceedings of the Senate and

House of Representatives shall be published as soon as conveniently

may be, at least once in every year, except such parts thereof

relating to treaties, alliances, or military operations, as in their

judgment require secrecy.

>

> 11th. That regular statements of the receipts and expenditures

of all public moneys shall be published at least once a year.

> 12th. As standing armies in time of peace are dangerous to

liberty, and ought not to be kept up except in cases of necessity;

and, as at all times the military should be under strict

subordination to the civil power, that, therefore, no standing army,

or regular troops, shall be raised or kept up in time of peace.

> 13th. That no moneys be borrowed on the credit of the United

States, without the assent of two thirds of the Senators and

Representatives present in each House.

> 14th. That the Congress shall not declare war, without the

concurrence of two thirds of the Senators and Representatives present

in each House.

> 15th. That the words " without the consent of Congress, " in the

seventh clause in the ninth section of the first article of the

constitution, be expunged.

> 16th. That no judge of the supreme court of the United States,

shall hold any other office under the United States, or any of them;

nor shall any officer appointed by Congress, or by the President and

Senate of the United States, be permitted to hold any office under

the appointment of any of the states.

> 17th. As a traffic tending to establish or continue the slavery

of any part of the human species, is disgraceful to the cause of

liberty and humanity, that Congress shall, as soon as may be, promote

and establish such laws and regulations as may effectually prevent

the importation of slaves of every description into the United

States.

> 18th. That the state legislatures have power to recall, when

they think it expedient, their federal Senators, and to send others

in their stead.

> 19th. That Congress has power to establish a uniform rule of

inhabitancy or settlement of the poor of the different states,

throughout the United States.

> 20th. That Congress erects no company with exclusive advantages

of commerce.

> 21st. That, when two members shall move or call for the ayes or

nays on any question, they shall be entered on the journals of the

Houses respectively.

>

> Done in convention at Newport, in the county of Newport, in the

state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, the twenty-ninth

day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and

ninety, and the fourteenth year of the independence of the United

States of America.

>

> By order of the convention,

>

> DANIEL OWEN, President.

>

> Attested,

> Daniel Updike, Secretary.

>

> A true copy.

>

> TOBIAS LEAR

> Secretary to the President of the United States.

>

> The Senate adjourned to 11 o'clock to-morrow morning.

 

> Bored stiff? Loosen up...

> Download and play hundreds of games for free on Games.

>

>

>

>

>

> Need Mail bonding?

> Go to the Mail Q & A for great tips from Answers users.

>

[Guest guest]

Thanks Tor, Given the constitutional nature of this event, and with its Asc/Moon EXACTLY on the nation-state's February 2, 1781 Ascendant, I'm confident you have another validation of the authenticity of the 1781 chart. Very gratifying, Regards, Johncosmologer <cosmologer wrote: Hi John,Thanks for all you effort, including to point out all these interesting

connections in charts representing the many inter-related events of Americas founding. Your point is that the rising degree of the SAMVA USA chart that we have arrived at, 20° 58' Cancer, has merit. I am also confident this will be shown to be the case with our predictive work. The true test of a chart in SA is the act of making predictions against it. When the event is authentic, over time the precise actual degree becomes established. That said, the information you have provided adds a very interesting additional angle to that issue.Best wishes,ThorSAMVA , JohnTWB <blazingstar1776 wrote:>> Hi Jorge> > Time for a break, have mis-typed the time in my early copy. Please delete the previous post> > The event in question is June 16, 1790 @ 8:14 a.m.(per my zodiac program), New York

City> > Asc: 20Can50 & Luna 20Can56> > Cheers> > JohnTWB <blazingstar1776 wrote:> > THE SECOND CONSTITUTIONAL UNION OF THE UNITED STATES> > > RE-BORN BY THE UNANIMITY OF THE 13 STATES, ON JUNE 16, 1790> > > President Washington signed the presidential letter confirming that the State of Rhode Island had duly submitted the necessary legal documentation confirming that State's ratification of the U.S. Constitution, when finally voted in convention, on May 29, 1790, in the Newport Constitutional Convention. [[@ 17:17 LMT, Newport]]> > By this letter to Congress by George Washington, as and when signed and dated June 16, 1790, the Federal Union was invested with unanimous effect by this event, under the American nation state's second, the federal constitution. [Data and record follows, below.]> > >

President George Washington customarily took care of the working day's correspondence "first thing" in the morning. Typically, between 8:00 a.m.(if not earlier) and 9:00 a.m. > > > Sun 04Ge31, 12H . . . Luna 20Can56, 1H . . . Asc 20Can50> > > June 16, 1790 @ 8:14 a.m. [LMT, Wall Street, New York City]> > Journal of the Senate of the United States of America, 1789-1793> WEDNESDAY, JUNE 16, 1790. > The Senate assembled: present as yesterday.> > Mr. Wingate, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, reported, that they had examined the bill, entitled "An act for giving effect to an act, entitled, An act to establish the judicial courts of the United States within the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations," and had found it correct.> > The Senate proceeded to the second reading of the bill, entitled "An act for the relief of Nathaniel

Twining."> > Ordered, That it be committed to Messrs. Langdon, Wingate, and, Maclay.> > The Senate proceeded to the consideration of the report of the committee on the entitled "An act making provision for the debt of the United States;" and, after debate, postponed the further consideration thereof until to-morrow.> > A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. Beckley, their Clerk:> > Mr. President: I am directed to bring to the Senate an enrolled bill, which has been signed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives. And he withdrew.> > The Vice President affixed his signature to the enrolled bill, entitled "An act for giving effect to an act, entitled 'An act to establish the judicial courts of the United States within the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations," and it was delivered to the committee to be laid before the

President of the United States.> > A written message from the President of the United States was communicated by Mr. Lear, his Secretary. And he withdrew.> > Gentlemen of the Senate,> and House of Representatives:> > The ratification of the constitution of the United States of America by the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations was received by me last night; together with a letter to the President of the United States from the President of the convention. I have directed my Secretary to lay before you a copy of each.> > G. WASHINGTON.> > United States, June 16, 1790.> > > > Page 159 | > > Rhode-Island, Newport, June 9, 1790.> > Sir: I had, on the 29th ultimo, the satisfaction of addressing you, after the ratification of the constitution of the United States

of America, by the convention of this state; I have now the honor of inclosing the ratification, as then agreed upon by the convention of the people of this state. The Legislature is now in session in this town, an appointment of Senators will undoubtedly take place in the present week, and, from what appears to be the sense of the Legislature, it may be expected that the gentlemen who may be appointed will immediately proceed to take their seats in the Senate of the United States.> > I have the honor to be, & c.> > DANIEL OWEN, President of the Convention.> > President of the United States.> (A true copy).> > TOBIAS LEAR,> Secretary to the President of the United States.> > [The constitution of the United States of America, precedes the following ratification.]> > Ratification of the constitution by the convention of the state

of Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations.> > We, the delegates of the people of the state of Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations, duly elected, and met in convention, having maturely considered the constitution for the United States of America, agreed to on the seventeenth day of September, in the year one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, by the convention then assembled at Philadelphia, in the commonwealth of Pennsylvania, (a copy Whereof precedes these presents) and having also seriously and deliberately considered the present situation of this state, do declare and make known:> > > 1st. That there are certain natural rights, of which men, when they form a social compact, cannot deprive or divest their posterity, among which are the enjoyment of life and liberty, with the means of acquiring, possessing, and protecting property, and pursuing and obtaining happiness and

safety. > 2d. That all power is naturally vested in, and consequently derived from, the people; that magistrates are therefore their trustees and agents, and at all times amenable to them. > 3d. That the powers of government may be reassumed by the people whensoever it shall become necessary to their happiness: that the rights of the states, respectively, to nominate all state officers, and every other power, jurisdiction and right, which is not by the said constitution clearly delegated to the Congress of the United States, or to the departments of the government thereof, remain to the people of the several states, or their respective State Governments, to whom they may have granted the same, and that those clauses in the said constitution, which declare that Congress shall not have or exercise certain powers, do not imply that Congress is entitled to any powers not given by the said constitution, but such

clauses are to be construed as exceptions to certain specified powers, or as inserted merely for greater caution. > 4th. That religion, or the duty which we owe to our Creator, and the manner of discharging it, can be directed only by reason and conviction, and not by force or violence; and, therefore, all men have an equal, natural, and unalienable right to the free exercise of religion, according to the dictates of conscience, and that no particular religious sect or society ought to be favored, or established by law, in preference to others. > 5th. That the legislative, executive, and judiciary powers of government, should be separate and distinct; and that the members of the two first may be restrained from oppression, by feeling and participating the public burdens, they should, at fixed periods, be reduced to a private station, return into the mass of the people, and the vacancies be supplied by

certain and regular elections, in which all or any part of the former members to be eligible or ineligible, as the rules of the constitution of government and the laws shall direct. > 6th. That elections of representatives in the legislature ought to be free and frequent; and all men having sufficient evidence of permanent common interest with, and attachment to the community, ought to have the right of suffrage; and no aid, charge, tax, or fee, can be set, rated, or levied upon the people, without their own > > > > Page 160 | > > consent, or that of their representatives so elected; nor can they be bound by any law to which they have not, in like manner, assented, for the public good. > > 7th. That all power of suspending laws, or the execution of laws, by any authority, without the consent of the representatives of the

people in the legislature, is injurious to their rights, and ought not to be exercised. > 8th. That in all capital and criminal prosecutions, a man hath a right to demand the cause and nature of his accusation, to be confronted with the accusers and witnesses, to call for evidence, and be allowed counsel in his favor, and to a fair and speedy trial by an impartial jury of his vicinage, without whose unanimous consent he cannot be found guilty, (except in the government of the land and naval forces,) nor can he be compelled to give evidence against himself. > 9th. That no freeman ought to be taken, imprisoned, or dis-seized of his freehold, liberties, privileges or franchises, or outlawed, or exiled, or in any manner destroyed or deprived of his life, liberty, or property, but by the trial by jury, or by the law of the land. > 10th. That every freeman restrained of his liberty is entitled to a remedy

to inquire into the lawfulness thereof, and to remove the same if unlawful, and that such remedy ought not to be denied or delayed. > 11th. That in controversies respecting property, and in suits between man and man, the ancient trial by jury, as hath been exercised by us and our ancestors front the time whereof the memory of man is not to the contrary, is one of the greatest securities to the rights of the people, and ought to remain sacred and inviolable. > 12th. That every freeman ought to obtain right and justice freely, and without sale; completely and without denial promptly and without delay; and that all establishments or regulations contravening these rights, are oppressive and unjust. > 13th. That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel or unusual punishments inflicted. > 14th. That every person has a right to be secure from all unreasonable

searches and seizures of his person, his papers, or his property; and, therefore, that all warrants to search suspected places, or seize any person, his papers, or his property, without information upon oath or affirmation, of sufficient cause, are grievous and oppressive; and that all general warrants (or such in which the place or person suspected are not particularly designated) are dangerous, and ought not to be granted. > 15th. That the people have a right peaceably to assemble together, to consult for their common good, or to instruct their representatives; and that every person has a right to petition or apply to the legislature, for redress of grievances. > 16th. That the people have a right to freedom of speech, and of writing and publishing their sentiments; that freedom of the press is one of the greatest bulwarks of liberty, and ought not to be violated. > 17th. That the people have a right to

keep and bear arms; that a well regulated militia, including the body of the people capable of bearing arms, is the proper, natural, and safe defense of a free state; that the militia shall not be subject to martial law, except in time of war, rebellion, or insurrection; that standing armies, in time of peace, are dangerous to liberty, and ought not to be kept up, except in eases of necessity; and that at all times, the military should be under strict subordination to the civil power; that in time of peace no soldier ought to be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, and in time of war, only by the civil magistrate, in such manner as the law directs. > 18th. That any person religiously scrupulous of bearing arms ought to be exempted, upon payment of an equivalent to employ another to bear arms in his stead.> > Under these impressions, and declaring that the rights aforesaid cannot

be abridged or violated, and that the explanations aforesaid are consistent With the said constitution; and in confidence that the amendments hereafter mentioned will receive an early and mature consideration, and conformably to the fifth article of said constitution; speedily become a part thereof: we, the said. delegates, in the name, and in the behalf, of the people of the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, do, by these presents, assent to, and ratify, the said constitution; in full confidence, nevertheless, that, until the amendments hereafter proposed and under mentioned, shall be agreed. to and ratified, pursuant to the aforesaid fifth article, the militia of this state will not be continued in service out of this state for a longer term than six weeks, without the consent of the Legislature thereof; that the Congress will not make or alter any regulation in this state respecting> the

times, places, and manner of holding election for Senators or Representatives, unless the Legislature of this state shall neglect or refuse to make laws or regulations for the purpose, or from any circumstance be incapable of making the same; and that, in those cases, such power will only be > > > > Page 161 | > > > > exercised until the Legislature of this state shall make provision in the premises; that the Congress will not lay direct taxes within this state, but where the moneys arising from the impost, tonnage, and excise, shall he insufficient for the public exigencies; nor until Congress shall have first made a requisition upon this state to assess, levy, and pay, the amount of such requisition, made agreeable to the census fixed in the said constitution, in such way and manner as the Legislature of this state shall

judge best; and that Congress will not lay any capitation or poll tax.> > Done in convention at Newport, in the county of Newport, in the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, the twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety, and in the fourteenth year of the independence of the United States of America. [RATIFIED @ 17:17 LMT, Newport]> > By order of the convention,> > DANIEL OWEN, President.> > Attested,> Daniel Updike, Secretary.> > And the convention do, in the name and behalf of the people of the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, enjoin it upon their Senators and Representative or Representatives, which may be elected to represent this state in Congress, to exert all their influence, and use all reasonable means, to obtain a ratification of the following amendments to the said

constitution, in the manner prescribed therein; and in all laws to be passed by the Congress in the mean time, to conform to the spirit of the said amendments, as far as the constitution will admit.> > AMENDMENTS. > > 1st. The United States shall guarantee to each state its sovereignty, freedom, and independence; and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this constitution expressly delegated to the United States. > 2d. That Congress shall not alter, modify, or interfere in, the times, places, or manner, of holding elections for Senators and Representatives, or either of them, except when the legislature of any state shall neglect, refuse, or be disabled by invasion or rebellion, to prescribe the same; or in case when the provision made by the states is so imperfect, as that no consequent election is had, and then only until the legislature of such state shall make

provision in the premises. > 3d. It is declared by the convention, that the judicial power of the United States, in cases in which a state may be a party, does not extend to criminal prosecutions, or to authorize any suit by any person against a state; but, to remove all doubts or controversies respecting the same, that it be especially expressed as a part of the constitution of the United States, that Congress shall not directly or indirectly, either by themselves, or through the judiciary, interfere with any one of the states in the redemption of paper money already emitted, and now in circulation, or in liquidating or discharging the public securities of any one state: that each and every state shall have the exclusive right of making such laws and regulations for the before mentioned purpose, as they shall think proper. > 4th. That no amendments to the constitution of the United States hereafter to

be made, pursuant to the fifth article, shall take effect, or become a part of the constitution of the United States, after the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three, without the consent of eleven of the states heretofore united under one confederation. > 5th. That the judicial powers of the United States shall extend to no possible case, where the cause of action shall have originated before the ratification of this constitution, except in disputes between states about their territory, disputes between persons claiming lands under grants of different states, and debts due to the United States. > 6th. That no person shall be compelled to do military duty otherwise than by voluntary enlistment, except in cases of general invasion; any thing in the second paragraph of the sixth article of the constitution, or any law made under the constitution, to the contrary notwithstanding. > 7th. That no

capitation or poll tax shall ever be laid by Congress. > 8th. In cases of direct taxes, Congress shall first make requisitions on the several states to assess, levy, and pay, their respective proportions of such requisitions, in such way and manner as the legislatures of the several states shall judge best; and in case any state shall neglect or refuse to pay its proportion, pursuant to such requisition, then Congress may assess and levy such state's proportion, together with interest, at the rate of six per cent. per annum, from the time prescribed in such requisition. > > > > Page 162 | > > 9th. That Congress shall lay no direct taxes without the consent of the legislatures of three fourths of the states in the Union. > 10th. That the journals of the proceedings of the Senate and House of Representatives shall be

published as soon as conveniently may be, at least once in every year, except such parts thereof relating to treaties, alliances, or military operations, as in their judgment require secrecy. > > 11th. That regular statements of the receipts and expenditures of all public moneys shall be published at least once a year. > 12th. As standing armies in time of peace are dangerous to liberty, and ought not to be kept up except in cases of necessity; and, as at all times the military should be under strict subordination to the civil power, that, therefore, no standing army, or regular troops, shall be raised or kept up in time of peace. > 13th. That no moneys be borrowed on the credit of the United States, without the assent of two thirds of the Senators and Representatives present in each House. > 14th. That the Congress shall not declare war, without the concurrence of two thirds of the Senators and

Representatives present in each House. > 15th. That the words "without the consent of Congress," in the seventh clause in the ninth section of the first article of the constitution, be expunged. > 16th. That no judge of the supreme court of the United States, shall hold any other office under the United States, or any of them; nor shall any officer appointed by Congress, or by the President and Senate of the United States, be permitted to hold any office under the appointment of any of the states. > 17th. As a traffic tending to establish or continue the slavery of any part of the human species, is disgraceful to the cause of liberty and humanity, that Congress shall, as soon as may be, promote and establish such laws and regulations as may effectually prevent the importation of slaves of every description into the United States. > 18th. That the state legislatures have power to recall, when

they think it expedient, their federal Senators, and to send others in their stead. > 19th. That Congress has power to establish a uniform rule of inhabitancy or settlement of the poor of the different states, throughout the United States. > 20th. That Congress erects no company with exclusive advantages of commerce. > 21st. That, when two members shall move or call for the ayes or nays on any question, they shall be entered on the journals of the Houses respectively.> > Done in convention at Newport, in the county of Newport, in the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, the twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety, and the fourteenth year of the independence of the United States of America.> > By order of the convention,> > DANIEL OWEN, President.> > Attested,> Daniel Updike,

Secretary.> > A true copy.> > TOBIAS LEAR> Secretary to the President of the United States.> > The Senate adjourned to 11 o'clock to-morrow morning.> > > > > > > > Bored stiff? Loosen up...> Download and play hundreds of games for free on Games. > > > > > > Need Mail bonding?> Go to the Mail Q & A for great tips from Answers users.>

Everyone is raving about the all-new Mail beta.

[Guest guest]

John, Jorge,

 

FYI:

 

Direct hit by MMP to chart lord on 9.11.01..World Trade Center Hit.

 

Good one.

 

Sally

 

On 1/24/07, JohnTWB <blazingstar1776 wrote:

 

Hi Jorge Time for a break, have mis-typed the time in my early copy. Please delete the previous post The event in question is June 16, 1790 @ 8:14 a.m.(per my zodiac program), New York City

Asc: 20Can50 & Luna 20Can56 CheersJohnTWB <

blazingstar1776 wrote:

THE SECOND CONSTITUTIONAL

UNION OF THE UNITED STATES Waves of LoveEntering the PlanetIt's inevitable. It's contagious~

[Guest guest]

Dear John,

 

Thanks for another excellent contribution.

 

Best wishes,

 

Jorge

On 1/25/07, JohnTWB <blazingstar1776 wrote:

 

 

Hi Jorge

 

Time for a break, have mis-typed the time in my early copy. Please delete the previous post

 

The event in question is June 16, 1790 @ 8:14 a.m.(per my zodiac program), New York City

 

Asc: 20Can50 & Luna 20Can56

 

CheersJohnTWB <blazingstar1776 wrote:

 

 

 

 

 

THE SECOND CONSTITUTIONAL UNION OF THE UNITED STATES

 

 

RE-BORN BY THE UNANIMITY OF THE 13 STATES, ON JUNE 16, 1790

 

 

President Washington signed the presidential letter confirming that the State of Rhode Island had duly submitted the necessary legal documentation confirming that State's ratification of the U.S. Constitution, when finally voted in convention, on May 29, 1790, in the Newport Constitutional Convention. [[@ 17:17 LMT, Newport]]

 

By this letter to Congress by George Washington, as and when signed and dated June 16, 1790, the Federal Union was invested with unanimous effect by this event, under the American nation state's second, the federal constitution. [Data and record follows, below.]

 

 

 

President George Washington customarily took care of the working day's correspondence "first thing" in the morning. Typically, between 8:00 a.m.(if not earlier) and 9:00 a.m.

 

 

 

Sun 04Ge31, 12H . . . Luna 20Can56, 1H . . . Asc 20Can50

 

 

June 16, 1790 @ 8:14 a.m. [LMT, Wall Street, New York City]

 

 

Journal of the Senate of the United States of America, 1789-1793WEDNESDAY, JUNE 16, 1790.

 

The Senate assembled: present as yesterday.

 

Mr. Wingate, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, reported, that they had examined the bill, entitled " An act for giving effect to an act, entitled, An act to establish the judicial courts of the United States within the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, " and had found it correct.

 

 

The Senate proceeded to the second reading of the bill, entitled " An act for the relief of Nathaniel Twining. "

 

Ordered, That it be committed to Messrs. Langdon, Wingate, and, Maclay.

 

The Senate proceeded to the consideration of the report of the committee on the entitled " An act making provision for the debt of the United States; " and, after debate, postponed the further consideration thereof until to-morrow.

 

 

A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. Beckley, their Clerk:

 

Mr. President: I am directed to bring to the Senate an enrolled bill, which has been signed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives. And he withdrew.

 

 

The Vice President affixed his signature to the enrolled bill, entitled " An act for giving effect to an act, entitled 'An act to establish the judicial courts of the United States within the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, " and it was delivered to the committee to be laid before the President of the United States.

 

 

A written message from the President of the United States was communicated by Mr. Lear, his Secretary. And he withdrew.

 

Gentlemen of the Senate,and House of Representatives:

 

The ratification of the constitution of the United States of America by the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations was received by me last night; together with a letter to the President of the United States from the President of the convention. I have directed my Secretary to lay before you a copy of each.

 

 

G. WASHINGTON.

 

United States, June 16, 1790.

 

 

 

Page 159 |

 

Rhode-Island, Newport, June 9, 1790.

 

Sir: I had, on the 29th ultimo, the satisfaction of addressing you, after the ratification of the constitution of the United States of America, by the convention of this state; I have now the honor of inclosing the ratification, as then agreed upon by the convention of the people of this state. The Legislature is now in session in this town, an appointment of Senators will undoubtedly take place in the present week, and, from what appears to be the sense of the Legislature, it may be expected that the gentlemen who may be appointed will immediately proceed to take their seats in the Senate of the United States.

 

 

I have the honor to be, & c.

 

DANIEL OWEN, President of the Convention.

 

President of the United States.

(A true copy).

 

TOBIAS LEAR,Secretary to the President of the United States.

 

[The constitution of the United States of America, precedes the following ratification.]

 

Ratification of the constitution by the convention of the state of Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations.

 

We, the delegates of the people of the state of Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations, duly elected, and met in convention, having maturely considered the constitution for the United States of America, agreed to on the seventeenth day of September, in the year one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, by the convention then assembled at Philadelphia, in the commonwealth of Pennsylvania, (a copy Whereof precedes these presents) and having also seriously and deliberately considered the present situation of this state, do declare and make known:

 

 

 

1st. That there are certain natural rights, of which men, when they form a social compact, cannot deprive or divest their posterity, among which are the enjoyment of life and liberty, with the means of acquiring, possessing, and protecting property, and pursuing and obtaining happiness and safety.

2d. That all power is naturally vested in, and consequently derived from, the people; that magistrates are therefore their trustees and agents, and at all times amenable to them.

3d. That the powers of government may be reassumed by the people whensoever it shall become necessary to their happiness: that the rights of the states, respectively, to nominate all state officers, and every other power, jurisdiction and right, which is not by the said constitution clearly delegated to the Congress of the United States, or to the departments of the government thereof, remain to the people of the several states, or their respective State Governments, to whom they may have granted the same, and that those clauses in the said constitution, which declare that Congress shall not have or exercise certain powers, do not imply that Congress is entitled to any powers not given by the said constitution, but such clauses are to be construed as exceptions to certain specified powers, or as inserted merely for greater caution.

4th. That religion, or the duty which we owe to our Creator, and the manner of discharging it, can be directed only by reason and conviction, and not by force or violence; and, therefore, all men have an equal, natural, and unalienable right to the free exercise of religion, according to the dictates of conscience, and that no particular religious sect or society ought to be favored, or established by law, in preference to others.

5th. That the legislative, executive, and judiciary powers of government, should be separate and distinct; and that the members of the two first may be restrained from oppression, by feeling and participating the public burdens, they should, at fixed periods, be reduced to a private station, return into the mass of the people, and the vacancies be supplied by certain and regular elections, in which all or any part of the former members to be eligible or ineligible, as the rules of the constitution of government and the laws shall direct.

6th. That elections of representatives in the legislature ought to be free and frequent; and all men having sufficient evidence of permanent common interest with, and attachment to the community, ought to have the right of suffrage; and no aid, charge, tax, or fee, can be set, rated, or levied upon the people, without their own

 

 

 

 

Page 160 | consent, or that of their representatives so elected; nor can they be bound by any law to which they have not, in like manner, assented, for the public good.

 

7th. That all power of suspending laws, or the execution of laws, by any authority, without the consent of the representatives of the people in the legislature, is injurious to their rights, and ought not to be exercised.

8th. That in all capital and criminal prosecutions, a man hath a right to demand the cause and nature of his accusation, to be confronted with the accusers and witnesses, to call for evidence, and be allowed counsel in his favor, and to a fair and speedy trial by an impartial jury of his vicinage, without whose unanimous consent he cannot be found guilty, (except in the government of the land and naval forces,) nor can he be compelled to give evidence against himself.

9th. That no freeman ought to be taken, imprisoned, or dis-seized of his freehold, liberties, privileges or franchises, or outlawed, or exiled, or in any manner destroyed or deprived of his life, liberty, or property, but by the trial by jury, or by the law of the land.

10th. That every freeman restrained of his liberty is entitled to a remedy to inquire into the lawfulness thereof, and to remove the same if unlawful, and that such remedy ought not to be denied or delayed.

11th. That in controversies respecting property, and in suits between man and man, the ancient trial by jury, as hath been exercised by us and our ancestors front the time whereof the memory of man is not to the contrary, is one of the greatest securities to the rights of the people, and ought to remain sacred and inviolable.

12th. That every freeman ought to obtain right and justice freely, and without sale; completely and without denial promptly and without delay; and that all establishments or regulations contravening these rights, are oppressive and unjust.

13th. That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel or unusual punishments inflicted.

14th. That every person has a right to be secure from all unreasonable searches and seizures of his person, his papers, or his property; and, therefore, that all warrants to search suspected places, or seize any person, his papers, or his property, without information upon oath or affirmation, of sufficient cause, are grievous and oppressive; and that all general warrants (or such in which the place or person suspected are not particularly designated) are dangerous, and ought not to be granted.

15th. That the people have a right peaceably to assemble together, to consult for their common good, or to instruct their representatives; and that every person has a right to petition or apply to the legislature, for redress of grievances.

16th. That the people have a right to freedom of speech, and of writing and publishing their sentiments; that freedom of the press is one of the greatest bulwarks of liberty, and ought not to be violated.

17th. That the people have a right to keep and bear arms; that a well regulated militia, including the body of the people capable of bearing arms, is the proper, natural, and safe defense of a free state; that the militia shall not be subject to martial law, except in time of war, rebellion, or insurrection; that standing armies, in time of peace, are dangerous to liberty, and ought not to be kept up, except in eases of necessity; and that at all times, the military should be under strict subordination to the civil power; that in time of peace no soldier ought to be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, and in time of war, only by the civil magistrate, in such manner as the law directs.

18th. That any person religiously scrupulous of bearing arms ought to be exempted, upon payment of an equivalent to employ another to bear arms in his stead.

 

 

Under these impressions, and declaring that the rights aforesaid cannot be abridged or violated, and that the explanations aforesaid are consistent With the said constitution; and in confidence that the amendments hereafter mentioned will receive an early and mature consideration, and conformably to the fifth article of said constitution; speedily become a part thereof: we, the said. delegates, in the name, and in the behalf, of the people of the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, do, by these presents, assent to, and ratify, the said constitution; in full confidence, nevertheless, that, until the amendments hereafter proposed and under mentioned, shall be agreed. to and ratified, pursuant to the aforesaid fifth article, the militia of this state will not be continued in service out of this state for a longer term than six weeks, without the consent of the Legislature thereof; that the Congress will not make or alter any regulation in this state respecting the times, places, and manner of holding election for Senators or Representatives, unless the Legislature of this state shall neglect or refuse to make laws or regulations for the purpose, or from any circumstance be incapable of making the same; and that, in those cases, such power will only be

 

 

 

 

Page 161 |

exercised until the Legislature of this state shall make provision in the premises; that the Congress will not lay direct taxes within this state, but where the moneys arising from the impost, tonnage, and excise, shall he insufficient for the public exigencies; nor until Congress shall have first made a requisition upon this state to assess, levy, and pay, the amount of such requisition, made agreeable to the census fixed in the said constitution, in such way and manner as the Legislature of this state shall judge best; and that Congress will not lay any capitation or poll tax.

 

 

Done in convention at Newport, in the county of Newport, in the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, the twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety, and in the fourteenth year of the independence of the United States of America. [RATIFIED @ 17:17 LMT, Newport]

 

 

By order of the convention,

 

DANIEL OWEN, President.

 

Attested,Daniel Updike, Secretary.

 

And the convention do, in the name and behalf of the people of the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, enjoin it upon their Senators and Representative or Representatives, which may be elected to represent this state in Congress, to exert all their influence, and use all reasonable means, to obtain a ratification of the following amendments to the said constitution, in the manner prescribed therein; and in all laws to be passed by the Congress in the mean time, to conform to the spirit of the said amendments, as far as the constitution will admit.

 

 

AMENDMENTS.

 

1st. The United States shall guarantee to each state its sovereignty, freedom, and independence; and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this constitution expressly delegated to the United States.

2d. That Congress shall not alter, modify, or interfere in, the times, places, or manner, of holding elections for Senators and Representatives, or either of them, except when the legislature of any state shall neglect, refuse, or be disabled by invasion or rebellion, to prescribe the same; or in case when the provision made by the states is so imperfect, as that no consequent election is had, and then only until the legislature of such state shall make provision in the premises.

3d. It is declared by the convention, that the judicial power of the United States, in cases in which a state may be a party, does not extend to criminal prosecutions, or to authorize any suit by any person against a state; but, to remove all doubts or controversies respecting the same, that it be especially expressed as a part of the constitution of the United States, that Congress shall not directly or indirectly, either by themselves, or through the judiciary, interfere with any one of the states in the redemption of paper money already emitted, and now in circulation, or in liquidating or discharging the public securities of any one state: that each and every state shall have the exclusive right of making such laws and regulations for the before mentioned purpose, as they shall think proper.

4th. That no amendments to the constitution of the United States hereafter to be made, pursuant to the fifth article, shall take effect, or become a part of the constitution of the United States, after the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three, without the consent of eleven of the states heretofore united under one confederation.

5th. That the judicial powers of the United States shall extend to no possible case, where the cause of action shall have originated before the ratification of this constitution, except in disputes between states about their territory, disputes between persons claiming lands under grants of different states, and debts due to the United States.

6th. That no person shall be compelled to do military duty otherwise than by voluntary enlistment, except in cases of general invasion; any thing in the second paragraph of the sixth article of the constitution, or any law made under the constitution, to the contrary notwithstanding.

7th. That no capitation or poll tax shall ever be laid by Congress.

8th. In cases of direct taxes, Congress shall first make requisitions on the several states to assess, levy, and pay, their respective proportions of such requisitions, in such way and manner as the legislatures of the several states shall judge best; and in case any state shall neglect or refuse to pay its proportion, pursuant to such requisition, then Congress may assess and levy such state's proportion, together with interest, at the rate of six per cent. per annum, from the time prescribed in such requisition.

 

 

 

 

Page 162 |

 

 

9th. That Congress shall lay no direct taxes without the consent of the legislatures of three fourths of the states in the Union.

 

10th. That the journals of the proceedings of the Senate and House of Representatives shall be published as soon as conveniently may be, at least once in every year, except such parts thereof relating to treaties, alliances, or military operations, as in their judgment require secrecy.

 

11th. That regular statements of the receipts and expenditures of all public moneys shall be published at least once a year.

12th. As standing armies in time of peace are dangerous to liberty, and ought not to be kept up except in cases of necessity; and, as at all times the military should be under strict subordination to the civil power, that, therefore, no standing army, or regular troops, shall be raised or kept up in time of peace.

13th. That no moneys be borrowed on the credit of the United States, without the assent of two thirds of the Senators and Representatives present in each House.

14th. That the Congress shall not declare war, without the concurrence of two thirds of the Senators and Representatives present in each House.

 

15th. That the words " without the consent of Congress, " in the seventh clause in the ninth section of the first article of the constitution, be expunged.

16th. That no judge of the supreme court of the United States, shall hold any other office under the United States, or any of them; nor shall any officer appointed by Congress, or by the President and Senate of the United States, be permitted to hold any office under the appointment of any of the states.

17th. As a traffic tending to establish or continue the slavery of any part of the human species, is disgraceful to the cause of liberty and humanity, that Congress shall, as soon as may be, promote and establish such laws and regulations as may effectually prevent the importation of slaves of every description into the United States.

18th. That the state legislatures have power to recall, when they think it expedient, their federal Senators, and to send others in their stead.

 

19th. That Congress has power to establish a uniform rule of inhabitancy or settlement of the poor of the different states, throughout the United States.

20th. That Congress erects no company with exclusive advantages of commerce.

21st. That, when two members shall move or call for the ayes or nays on any question, they shall be entered on the journals of the Houses respectively.

 

 

Done in convention at Newport, in the county of Newport, in the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, the twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety, and the fourteenth year of the independence of the United States of America.

 

 

By order of the convention,

 

DANIEL OWEN, President.

 

Attested,Daniel Updike, Secretary.

 

A true copy.

 

TOBIAS LEARSecretary to the President of the United States.

 

The Senate adjourned to 11 o'clock to-morrow morning.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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[Guest guest]

Dear Sally,

 

Thanks for pointing it to the list.

 

Everything must be interconnected since they have decided for independence.

 

Aloha

 

Jorge

On 1/25/07, Sally Spencer <sally234 wrote:

 

John, Jorge,FYI: Direct hit by MMP to chart lord on 9.11.01..World Trade Center Hit.Good one. Sally

On 1/24/07, JohnTWB <blazingstar1776

> wrote:

 

Hi Jorge

 

Time for a break, have mis-typed the time in my early copy. Please delete the previous post

 

The event in question is June 16, 1790 @ 8:14 a.m.(per my zodiac program), New York City

 

Asc: 20Can50 & Luna 20Can56

 

CheersJohnTWB < blazingstar1776 wrote:

 

 

 

 

THE SECOND CONSTITUTIONAL UNION OF THE UNITED STATES

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