Guest guest Posted November 19, 2007 Report Share Posted November 19, 2007 Dear Freinds, AN ARTCLE ON AYANAMSA IS ATTACHED Appendix-A Chitra Pakcha Ayanamsa All authorities have established the importance of correct and true value of Ayanamsa. Hence, all classics lays down that Ayanamsa must be updated from time-to-time, through observations. Ayanamsa The question arises, what is Ayanamsa and why is it so important? (A) What is Ayanamsa The Vernal Equinoctial point(V.E.) or the first point of tropical Aries (as defined by sage Parasara in about 2000 B.C..) is taken as the starting point for measuring of celestial longitudes, which are known as the tropical or the sayana longitudes. Due to the precession of the equinoxes (ayana chalana) at the mean rate of about 50.3 per sidereal year and about 50.29 per Tropical Year (as per modern astronomical measurements), the longitudes of fixed stars are increasing every year at the same rate. In order to stabilize the zodiac, the ancient sages of vedic era has identified a point which is permanently fixed with reference to star Citra (spica 16) on the ecliptic. This initial point is always exactly opposite (180o away) from star citra. The distance between this initial point and the V.E. point or in other words the tropical longitude of the initial point is called Ayanamsa of the date. The celestial longitudes measured from this fixed point are known as “sidereal†or “Nirayana†longitudes. The following definition of Ayanamsa will be more rigorous, accurate and free from controversies: “When tropical longitude of star citra (spica – 16, Viginis) is reduced by 180 degrees, the remainder will be the value of chitra pakcha Ayanamsa of date†(B) Importance of Ayanamsa All astrological predictions depend on the correct longitude predictions of planets are measured with reference to the position of V.E. point and initial point of the sidereal Aries. As such, the correct value of Ayaramsa is absolutely essential. The calender reforms committee, constituted by Government of India in 1952, had approached this subject in scientific manner and given following recommendation: 1. The tropical and sidereal Zodiacs coincided in the year 285 A.D. and this year was termed zero Aynamsa year. This is a general statement and does not specify the exact day on which the ayanamsa had become zero during in this year. 2. From the data available from the Astromomisches Rechen Institue of Heidelberg, Germany, it was found that the equinoctial point (viz. First point of Tropital Aries) of the vernal equinox day on March 22 and 285 AD was very close to the initial part of the nirayana Zoida. The tropital longitude of star chitra (spica) was 180o 00‘03“.0. 3. However, the small difference of 3 second was ignored and it was assumed that the initial point of sidereal zodical was permanently fixed coinciding with the ingress of sun in Tropical Aries, which occurred on March 22 of 285 AD. 4. The above assumption was appropriate for Commencement of a calendar, but does not meet the astrological considerations fully on account of following reasons. (a) The initial point of sidereal zodiac is exactly opposite to star Chitra and it can not be linked directly with the ingress of sun in tropical aries. (b) The proper motion of the star chitra was not taken into consideration. On account of this reason, the position of initial point of sidereal Aries is to be updated periodically, and can not be assumed as absolutely fixed on the ecliptic. Lahiris Indian Ephemeris for 2003 A.D. clearly mentioned that: “Due to proper motion, the nirayana longitude of the star Chitra (Spica) has, however, diminished by 60 seconds during the period 1718 years from 285 A.D.†This clearly indicates that the Ayanamsa value adopted by Lahiris Ephemeries is to be updated so that the initial point of sidereal Zodiac is firmly linked with star chitra to meet astrological requirement. Nutation in longitude Nutation is an inevitable part of the precession motion of the poles of the earth’s equator. This depends mainly on the motion of the sun(earth) and of the moon in their orbit. The value of the nutation (plus or minus) needs to be applied to the value of mean ayanamsa of the day. The true value of the ayanamsa of any epoach is to calculated as under: Ist step: Mean longitude of star chitra – 180o = Mean Ayanamsa 2nd Step: Mean Ayanamsa + nutation in the longitude for That day = True Ayanamsa The following formula for notation was decided in a conference of astronomers, held in May 1896 at Paris:- “ – 17.235†(sine Rahu) – 1.27“ (sine SUN x 2)“ The sayana longitudes of true rahu and SUN are to be applied in the formula. The approximate value of Nutation in longitude can be obtained with the help of following table by using true sidereal Rahu of the date. Table : Nutation from sidereal longitude of Rahu Sl. No.. Niryana Rahu Nutation in Seconds Niryana Rahu (1) (2) (3) 1. 11s 07º –0"+ 5s 07º 2. 11s 22º –5 + 5s 22º 3. 0s 07º –9 + 6s 07º 4. 0s 22º –12 + 6s 22º 5. 1s 07º –15 + 7s 07º 6. 1s 22º –16 + 7s 22º 7. 2s 07º –17 + 8s 07º 8. 2s 22º –16 + 8s 22º 9. 3s 07º –15 + 9s 07º 10. 3s 22º –12 + 9s 22º 11. 4s 07º –9 + 10s 07º 12. 4s 22º –5 + 10s 22º Note: 1. Nutation is given for interval of 15o longitude of Rahu. Intervening figures can be calculated by methoid of ratio proportion. 2. The values of Nutation are negative for column 1 and positive for column 3. These values are subtracted or added in mean Ayanamsa to obtain true value of Aynamsa of any epoch or day. On account of Astronomical advancements in last three decades as well as astrological requirements, it has now become necessary to introduce following corrections in the procedure adopted for determining the Ayanamsa value uptill 1985 A.D.: 1. The initial (first) point of sidereal Aries will always be exactly opposite (180o away) to star Chitra (spica 16). 2. Therefore the correct definition of Ayanamsa will be as under for Astrological purposes: “When mean/true tropical longitude of star chitra (spica 16-xVirgnis) is reduced by 180o, the remainder will be mean/true value of Chitra Pakchha Ayanamsa of the date.†3. The calendar reforms committee ignored the above two vital requirement of Astrology, and adopted V.E. point of year 285 AD as also initial point of sidereal Aries. On V.E. Day of 285 AD, occurring on Sunday March 22, 21h 27m (ISI), the mean tropical longitude of Star Chitra was 180o 00‘03“ as per forth fundamental catalogue (KT-4). The longitude of true Rahu was about 21o30‘ in Virgo. It is obvious from the above data, that the mean value of Ayanamsa on March 22, 285 AD was 00o00‘03“and this should have been adopted for Astrological purposes. However, this day was assumed as zero Ayanamsa day for all practical and particularly for calendarical purposes on the recommendation of calendar reforms committee. As a matter of fact Zero Aynamsa day must have occurred about 21 days prior to V.E. day i.e. on March 1, 285 A.D. If correction for Nutation is applied to mean value of Aynamsa, true Aynamsa value will work out 8“ as V.E. day of March 22, 285 A.D. 4. Due to proper motion of stars, the nirayana longitude of star chitra has, however, diminished by 60“ during the period of 1718 years from 285 AD to 2003 AD. Thus, a small correction of 1 sec. is to be applied say approximately every 30 years since 285 AD so that initial point of sidereal zodic remains linked and opposite to star chitra. 5. The mean tropical longitude of stars is now ascertained from Basic fifth fundamental catalogue (KT-5) instead of Kt-4 which was referred prior 1985 AD. 6. The values of Precession, as obtained by new comb formula and of Nutation as per formula decided in 1896 are no more valid. Both precession and nutation are to be calculated as per adoption of new parameters and constants for precession, aberration and obliquity of the ecliptic as per IAU(1976) and theory of Nutation(1980). Accordingly, mean precession value of V.E. point was adopted as 50.3 seconds aper sidereal year and Lahiris Indian Ephemeris also adopted this value from their 1994 issue. From the above discussion it is clear that Indian Ephemeris panchangs are showing Ayanamsa values assuming V.E. point of March 22, 285 Ad also as initial point of sidereal zodic. This value needs small correction so that initial point of fixed sidereal Zodiac is always be opposite to star Chitra. The Ayanamsa values on Jan. 1, 2003 and 2004 A.D. are given below so that the readers may observe the difference in both values: As per hahiri's Ayanamsa linked Ephemeris with star chitra Jan 1, 2003 True Aynamsa 23º53' 40".97 23º52' 43".96 Mean Aynamsa 23º53' 56".33 23º52' 59".02 Mean Tropical longitude of Star Chitra = 173º52' 59".02 Jan 1, 2004 True Aynamsa 23º 54' 34."45 23º53' 37".53 Mean Aynamsa 23º54' 46".62 23º53' 49".07 Mean tropical longitude of star chitra 173º53' 49".07 (The above data is compiled from Lahiri's Ephemeris). the panchang makers and Computer Programmers may take the data from original sources for more accurate and precise calculation. Aynamsa based on star Chitra can easily be calculated by making following deductions in Aynamsa vales given in the Lihiris Ephemeris: Ayanamsa values for the Deduction in following years seconds 1790-1820 A.D. 50 Sec. 1820-1850 A.D. 51 Sec. 1850-1880 A.D. 52 Sec. 1880-1910 A.D. 53 Sec. 1910-1940 A.D. 54 Sec. 1940-1970 A.D. 56 Sec. 1970-2000 A.D. 57 Sec. 1970-2030 A.D. 58 Sec. The proper motion of star Chitra is presently-0.0280 sec per year. The average motion of star chitra since 285 AD works out to 0.0349 sees per year (60 ¸1719). Table of Chitra Pakasha Ayanamsa Mean Tropical (Sayana) longitude of Star Chitra (spica 16)–180º = Mean Ayanamsa. Mean Ayanamsa + Nutation = True Aynamsa On Ist January of each year Year Mean Mean Precession Value of True True A.D. tropical Ayamamsa rate of Nutation Ayanamsa Aynamsa longitude V.E. point in value of star per sid longitude adopted by year Lahiri and Martand Panchang 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S 0 ' " 0 ' " " " 0 ' " 0 ' " 1985 6 23 37 54.3 23 37 54.3 50.2772 –13.3 23 37 41.0 23 38 37 1986 6 23 38 44.6 23 38 44.6 50.2774 –9.6 23 38 35.0 23 39 31 1987 6 23 39 34.8 23 39 34.8 50.2776 –2.8 23 39 32.0 23 40 28 1988 6 23 40 25.1 23 40 25.1 50.2778 +0.9 23 40 26.0 23 41 23 1989 6 23 41 16.3 23 41 16.3 50.2780 +6.7 23 41 23.0 23 42 19 1990 6 23 42 6.6 23 42 6.6 50.2783 +11.4 23 42 17.0 23 43 14 1991 6 23 43 56.9 23 43 56.9 50.2785 +15.1 23 43 12.0 23 44 09 1992 6 23 43 47.2 23 43 47.2 50.2787 +16.8 23 44 4.0 23 45 00 1993 6 23 44 36.5 23 44 36.5 50.2800 –17.5 23 44 54.0 23 45 15 1994 6 23 45 26.8 23 45 26.8 50.3 +17.5 23 45 44.3 23 46 40 1995 6 23 46 17.1 23 46 17.1 50.3 +12.1 23 46 25.2 23 47 26.2 1996 6 23 47 08.3 23 47 08.3 50.3 +7 23 47 15.2 23 48 11.3 1997 6 23 47 58.7 23 47 58.7 50.3 +1.3 23 48 00.0 23 48 56 1998 6 23 48 48.95 23 48 48.95 50.3 –4.29 23 48 44.66 23 48 40.7 1999 6 23 49 38.17 23 49 38.17 50.3 –9.78 23 49 28.39 23 50 25.5 2000 6 23 50 29.46 23 50 29.46 50.3 –13.92 23 50 15.54 23 51 11.54 2001 6 23 51 19.75 23 51 19.75 50..3 –16.12 23 51 03.63 23 51 59.63 2002 6 23 52 09.04 23 52 09.04 50..3 –16.49 23 51 52.15 23 52 49.55 2003 6 23 52 59.33 23 52 59.33 50..3 –15.34 23 52 43.99 23 53 40.97 2004 6 23 53 49.62 23 53 49.62 50..3 –12.17 23 53 37.45 23 54 34.45 2005 6 23 54 39.91 23 54 39.91 50.3 –7.41 23 54 32.50 23 55 55.30 Note (i) Aynamsa values given in column 6 is linked with starchitra as a refrence point. (2) Ayanamsa values given in Colouni 7 is based on adoption of zero Ayanamsa day as V.E. point of the year 1985 A.D. (This was not based on Astrological requirement but adopted by on recommendations of the calendar committee for commencent of new calendar Appendix-A Chitra Pakcha Ayanamsa All authorities have established the importance of correct and true value of Ayanamsa. Hence, all classics lays down that Ayanamsa must be updated from time-to-time, through observations. Ayanamsa The question arises, what is Ayanamsa and why is it so important? (A) What is Ayanamsa The Vernal Equinoctial point(V.E.) or the first point of tropical Aries (as defined by sage Parasara in about 2000 B.C.) is taken as the starting point for measuring of celestial longitudes, which are known as the tropical or the sayana longitudes.. Due to the precession of the equinoxes (ayana chalana) at the mean rate of about 50.3 per sidereal year and about 50.29 per Tropical Year (as per modern astronomical measurements), the longitudes of fixed stars are increasing every year at the same rate. In order to stabilize the zodiac, the ancient sages of vedic era has identified a point which is permanently fixed with reference to star Citra (spica 16) on the ecliptic. This initial point is always exactly opposite (180o away) from star citra. The distance between this initial point and the V.E. point or in other words the tropical longitude of the initial point is called Ayanamsa of the date. The celestial longitudes measured from this fixed point are known as “sidereal†or “Nirayana†longitudes. The following definition of Ayanamsa will be more rigorous, accurate and free from controversies: “When tropical longitude of star citra (spica – 16, Viginis) is reduced by 180 degrees, the remainder will be the value of chitra pakcha Ayanamsa of date†(B) Importance of Ayanamsa All astrological predictions depend on the correct longitude predictions of planets are measured with reference to the position of V.E. point and initial point of the sidereal Aries. As such, the correct value of Ayaramsa is absolutely essential. The calender reforms committee, constituted by Government of India in 1952, had approached this subject in scientific manner and given following recommendation: 1. The tropical and sidereal Zodiacs coincided in the year 285 A.D. and this year was termed zero Aynamsa year. This is a general statement and does not specify the exact day on which the ayanamsa had become zero during in this year. 2. From the data available from the Astromomisches Rechen Institue of Heidelberg, Germany, it was found that the equinoctial point (viz. First point of Tropital Aries) of the vernal equinox day on March 22 and 285 AD was very close to the initial part of the nirayana Zoida. The tropital longitude of star chitra (spica) was 180o 00‘03“.0. 3. However, the small difference of 3 second was ignored and it was assumed that the initial point of sidereal zodical was permanently fixed coinciding with the ingress of sun in Tropical Aries, which occurred on March 22 of 285 AD. 4. The above assumption was appropriate for Commencement of a calendar, but does not meet the astrological considerations fully on account of following reasons. (a) The initial point of sidereal zodiac is exactly opposite to star Chitra and it can not be linked directly with the ingress of sun in tropical aries. (b) The proper motion of the star chitra was not taken into consideration. On account of this reason, the position of initial point of sidereal Aries is to be updated periodically, and can not be assumed as absolutely fixed on the ecliptic. Lahiris Indian Ephemeris for 2003 A.D.. clearly mentioned that: “Due to proper motion, the nirayana longitude of the star Chitra (Spica) has, however, diminished by 60 seconds during the period 1718 years from 285 A.D.†This clearly indicates that the Ayanamsa value adopted by Lahiris Ephemeries is to be updated so that the initial point of sidereal Zodiac is firmly linked with star chitra to meet astrological requirement. Nutation in longitude Nutation is an inevitable part of the precession motion of the poles of the earth’s equator. This depends mainly on the motion of the sun(earth) and of the moon in their orbit. The value of the nutation (plus or minus) needs to be applied to the value of mean ayanamsa of the day. The true value of the ayanamsa of any epoach is to calculated as under: Ist step: Mean longitude of star chitra – 180o = Mean Ayanamsa 2nd Step: Mean Ayanamsa + nutation in the longitude for That day = True Ayanamsa The following formula for notation was decided in a conference of astronomers, held in May 1896 at Paris:- “ – 17.235†(sine Rahu) – 1.27“ (sine SUN x 2)“ The sayana longitudes of true rahu and SUN are to be applied in the formula. The approximate value of Nutation in longitude can be obtained with the help of following table by using true sidereal Rahu of the date. Table : Nutation from sidereal longitude of Rahu Sl. No. Niryana Rahu Nutation in Seconds Niryana Rahu (1) (2) (3) 1. 11s 07º –0"+ 5s 07º 2. 11s 22º –5 + 5s 22º 3. 0s 07º –9 + 6s 07º 4. 0s 22º –12 + 6s 22º 5. 1s 07º –15 + 7s 07º 6. 1s 22º –16 + 7s 22º 7. 2s 07º –17 + 8s 07º 8. 2s 22º –16 + 8s 22º 9. 3s 07º –15 + 9s 07º 10. 3s 22º –12 + 9s 22º 11. 4s 07º –9 + 10s 07º 12. 4s 22º –5 + 10s 22º Note: 1. Nutation is given for interval of 15o longitude of Rahu. Intervening figures can be calculated by methoid of ratio proportion. 2. The values of Nutation are negative for column 1 and positive for column 3. These values are subtracted or added in mean Ayanamsa to obtain true value of Aynamsa of any epoch or day. On account of Astronomical advancements in last three decades as well as astrological requirements, it has now become necessary to introduce following corrections in the procedure adopted for determining the Ayanamsa value uptill 1985 A.D.: 1. The initial (first) point of sidereal Aries will always be exactly opposite (180o away) to star Chitra (spica 16). 2. Therefore the correct definition of Ayanamsa will be as under for Astrological purposes: “When mean/true tropical longitude of star chitra (spica 16-xVirgnis) is reduced by 180o, the remainder will be mean/true value of Chitra Pakchha Ayanamsa of the date.†3. The calendar reforms committee ignored the above two vital requirement of Astrology, and adopted V.E. point of year 285 AD as also initial point of sidereal Aries. On V.E. Day of 285 AD, occurring on Sunday March 22, 21h 27m (ISI), the mean tropical longitude of Star Chitra was 180o 00‘03“ as per forth fundamental catalogue (KT-4). The longitude of true Rahu was about 21o30‘ in Virgo. It is obvious from the above data, that the mean value of Ayanamsa on March 22, 285 AD was 00o00‘03“and this should have been adopted for Astrological purposes. However, this day was assumed as zero Ayanamsa day for all practical and particularly for calendarical purposes on the recommendation of calendar reforms committee. As a matter of fact Zero Aynamsa day must have occurred about 21 days prior to V.E. day i.e. on March 1, 285 A.D. If correction for Nutation is applied to mean value of Aynamsa, true Aynamsa value will work out 8“ as V.E. day of March 22, 285 A.D. 4. Due to proper motion of stars, the nirayana longitude of star chitra has, however, diminished by 60“ during the period of 1718 years from 285 AD to 2003 AD. Thus, a small correction of 1 sec. is to be applied say approximately every 30 years since 285 AD so that initial point of sidereal zodic remains linked and opposite to star chitra. 5. The mean tropical longitude of stars is now ascertained from Basic fifth fundamental catalogue (KT-5) instead of Kt-4 which was referred prior 1985 AD. 6. The values of Precession, as obtained by new comb formula and of Nutation as per formula decided in 1896 are no more valid. Both precession and nutation are to be calculated as per adoption of new parameters and constants for precession, aberration and obliquity of the ecliptic as per IAU(1976) and theory of Nutation(1980). Accordingly, mean precession value of V.E. point was adopted as 50.3 seconds aper sidereal year and Lahiris Indian Ephemeris also adopted this value from their 1994 issue. From the above discussion it is clear that Indian Ephemeris panchangs are showing Ayanamsa values assuming V.E. point of March 22, 285 Ad also as initial point of sidereal zodic. This value needs small correction so that initial point of fixed sidereal Zodiac is always be opposite to star Chitra. The Ayanamsa values on Jan. 1, 2003 and 2004 A.D. are given below so that the readers may observe the difference in both values: As per hahiri's Ayanamsa linked Ephemeris with star chitra Jan 1, 2003 True Aynamsa 23º53' 40".97 23º52' 43".96 Mean Aynamsa 23º53' 56".33 23º52' 59".02 Mean Tropical longitude of Star Chitra = 173º52' 59".02 Jan 1, 2004 True Aynamsa 23º 54' 34."45 23º53' 37".53 Mean Aynamsa 23º54' 46".62 23º53' 49".07 Mean tropical longitude of star chitra 173º53' 49".07 (The above data is compiled from Lahiri's Ephemeris). the panchang makers and Computer Programmers may take the data from original sources for more accurate and precise calculation. Aynamsa based on star Chitra can easily be calculated by making following deductions in Aynamsa vales given in the Lihiris Ephemeris: Ayanamsa values for the Deduction in following years seconds 1790-1820 A.D. 50 Sec. 1820-1850 A.D. 51 Sec. 1850-1880 A.D. 52 Sec. 1880-1910 A.D. 53 Sec. 1910-1940 A.D. 54 Sec. 1940-1970 A.D. 56 Sec. 1970-2000 A.D. 57 Sec. 1970-2030 A.D. 58 Sec. The proper motion of star Chitra is presently-0.0280 sec per year. The average motion of star chitra since 285 AD works out to 0.0349 sees per year (60 ¸1719). Table of Chitra Pakasha Ayanamsa Mean Tropical (Sayana) longitude of Star Chitra (spica 16)–180º = Mean Ayanamsa. Mean Ayanamsa + Nutation = True Aynamsa On Ist January of each year Year Mean Mean Precession Value of True True A.D. tropical Ayamamsa rate of Nutation Ayanamsa Aynamsa longitude V.E. point in value of star per sid longitude adopted by year Lahiri and Martand Panchang 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S 0 ' " 0 ' " " " 0 ' " 0 ' " 1985 6 23 37 54.3 23 37 54.3 50.2772 –13.3 23 37 41.0 23 38 37 1986 6 23 38 44.6 23 38 44.6 50.2774 –9.6 23 38 35.0 23 39 31 1987 6 23 39 34.8 23 39 34.8 50.2776 –2.8 23 39 32.0 23 40 28 1988 6 23 40 25.1 23 40 25.1 50.2778 +0.9 23 40 26.0 23 41 23 1989 6 23 41 16.3 23 41 16.3 50.2780 +6.7 23 41 23.0 23 42 19 1990 6 23 42 6.6 23 42 6.6 50.2783 +11.4 23 42 17.0 23 43 14 1991 6 23 43 56.9 23 43 56.9 50.2785 +15.1 23 43 12.0 23 44 09 1992 6 23 43 47.2 23 43 47.2 50.2787 +16.8 23 44 4.0 23 45 00 1993 6 23 44 36.5 23 44 36.5 50.2800 –17.5 23 44 54.0 23 45 15 1994 6 23 45 26.8 23 45 26.8 50.3 +17.5 23 45 44.3 23 46 40 1995 6 23 46 17.1 23 46 17.1 50.3 +12.1 23 46 25.2 23 47 26.2 1996 6 23 47 08.3 23 47 08.3 50.3 +7 23 47 15.2 23 48 11.3 1997 6 23 47 58.7 23 47 58.7 50.3 +1.3 23 48 00.0 23 48 56 1998 6 23 48 48.95 23 48 48.95 50.3 –4.29 23 48 44.66 23 48 40.7 1999 6 23 49 38.17 23 49 38.17 50.3 –9.78 23 49 28.39 23 50 25.5 2000 6 23 50 29.46 23 50 29.46 50.3 –13.92 23 50 15.54 23 51 11.54 2001 6 23 51 19.75 23 51 19.75 50..3 –16.12 23 51 03.63 23 51 59.63 2002 6 23 52 09.04 23 52 09.04 50..3 –16.49 23 51 52.15 23 52 49.55 2003 6 23 52 59.33 23 52 59.33 50..3 –15.34 23 52 43.99 23 53 40.97 2004 6 23 53 49.62 23 53 49.62 50..3 –12.17 23 53 37.45 23 54 34.45 2005 6 23 54 39.91 23 54 39.91 50.3 –7.41 23 54 32.50 23 55 55.30 Note (i) Aynamsa values given in column 6 is linked with starchitra as a refrence point. (2) Ayanamsa values given in Colouni 7 is based on adoption of zero Ayanamsa day as V.E. point of the year 1985 A.D. (This was not based on Astrological requirement but adopted by on recommendations of the calendar committee for commencent of new calendar G.K.GOELPh: 09350311433Add: L-409, SARITA VIHARNEW DELHI-110 076INDIA DELETE button is history. Unlimited mail storage is just a click away. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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