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The Life and works of AchArya RaamAnujA

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Dear Acharya RaamAnuja Darsana SampradhAyins:

 

AdiyEn was asked to add a special feature on

The Life and Sri Sookthis of AchArya RaamAnujA

in the special CD ROM nearing completion before

the final version of the CD ROM on AchArya RaamAnujA

is reelased sometime this month. Sriman Alwar of

Mysore is adding Q & A on the Life and works of

AchArya RaamAnujA besides trying to provide hyperlinks

to SaatthumUrai audio and textual versions and other

Shome pages of potential interest to Sri VaishNavAs in this

CD ROM.In this context , the delays experienced in

early release seems to be worth it .

 

This article of adiyEn is somewaht long .The only

defense adiyEn can give is that it will take many

years of one's life to get even a superficial

understanding of the great Sri Sookthis of our

AchAryan . You may find this article useful as a

synoptic summary available at one place and time .

 

A significant portion of the proceeds from

the sale of this CD ROM after covering

the developmental expenses towards which you have

contributed generously will go towards Sri RanganAthA

Temple construction to enable ONE AND ALL to

have the darsana soubhAgyam of Sri RanganAtha

and Sri RanganAyaki and other ArchA moorthis

to be consecrated there . That is adiyEn's

wish and prayer .The copies of this CD ROM

will be released to the generous supporters

first by the end of this Month with BhagavAn's

anugraham .Those who wish to acquire this CD ROM ,

please let adiyEn know so we can print the right amount

of copies in the first round of the final version .

Daasan , V.Sadagopan

 

 

SRI:

 

ChaithrArdhrA sambhavam VishNO: darsana sthApanOthsukam I

ThuNDIramaNdalE utthitham Seshamoorthim RaamAnujam BhajE II

 

AchArya RaamAnujA born as the incarnation of AdhisEshan

********************************************************

 

AchArya RaamAnujA was born in ThoNdai Naadu as

the son of Sri BhUmi Piratti and Aasurikula Tilakam ,

Sri Kesava SomayAji at PerumbhUdhUr on a PingaLa Year ,

Chitthirai Month, Sukla Paksha Panchami day , when

ArudhrA constellation ( ThiruvAdhirai ) was in

ascendance . This PingaLA year in the western calendar

is 1017 A.D. Thirumalai Nampi , a renowned sishyar of

AaLavandhAr was the child's uncle . He recognized

that the child is an avthAram of Adhi Seshan ;he also

recognized that the child is going to become a great

Sri VaishNavite AchAryan .Hence , Thirumalai nampi

gave the name of RaamAnujan to the new born child .

This child lived for 120 years on this earth and

during its rich life systematized and established

on a firm footing the doctrines of VisishtAdvaithA,

which have been expounded earlier by BodhAyanA ,

DramidA and TankA and elaborated by Nathamuni

and AaLavandhAr .

 

The divine recogniton of Sri RaamAnujA's contributions

********************************************************

 

AchArya RaamAnujA was recognized for his monumental

contributions to Sri ViasishtAdvaitha Darsanam in his

own life time by the Divya Dampathis of Srirangam,Kaanchi ,

ThirunArAyaNapuram , ANDAL of SrivilliputthUr and

Devi Sarasvathi through their conferring of the titles of

Udayavar ,Sri BhashyakArar nd amny other honprs .

AchArya RaamAnujA was also addressed as Ilaya PerumAl by his sishyAs .

Further , Lord VaradarAjA initiated RaamAnujA into

SanyAsaasramam and conferred on him the title of YathirAjan

at that time . Lord VaradarAjA reluctantly gave RaamAnujA

later as a gift to Sri RanganAthA. Lord VaradarAjA also

answered through Thirukkacchi Nampi the questions

that were topmost on the mind of RaamAnujA .The many incidents

relating to the Vaibhavam of AchArya RaamAnujA are summarized

in the special home pages created by Srimans Achyutharaman

and MadhavakkaNNan of Simhapuri and this CD ROM . The works of

AchArya RaamAnujA are also covred there as well as the highlights of

Bhagavad RaamAnuja Darsanam . BhakthAs are referred to these

pages with the URL , http://members.tripod.com/~sri Ramanujar/

For now , we will content ourselves with a breif summary

of the highlights of the Life and works of Sri RaamAnujA

the like of whom we will not be able to see again .

 

AchArya RaamAnujA's early Tuetlage at Kaanchipuram

****************************************************

 

Sri RamAnujA studied VedAnthA first under YadhavaprakAsA

at Kaanchi. When YadhavaprakAsA misintrepreted the meanings

of Sruthi and Upanishadh Vaakyams , Sri RaamAnujA pointed

out the correct meanings following the Sri VisishtAdhvaidhic

tradition.This angered the Guru .The infuriated Guru plotted

to kill RaamAnujA . Lord VaradarAja intervened and saved RaamAnujA

from the jealous Guru's wrath . Meanwhile , the intellectual

brilliance and the rich Saastraic Jn~Anam of RaamAnujA

attracted the attention of Sri ALavandhAr , the greatst

Sri VaishNava AchArya of that time , who was staying in

Srirangam . ALavandhAr came to Kaanchi and prayed to

Lord VaradarAjan to bless RaamAnujA to become the leading

pravarthakA and nirvAhakA of Sri VishitAdhvaitha siddhAntham .

ALavandhAr did not get to meet RaamAnujA in person at Kaanchi

prior to his return to Srirangam .AaLavandhAr's health

weakened after return to Srirangam and he reached Sri Vaikuntam

without iniitating RaamAnujA in person as his successor .

RaamAnujA , who had heard about the illness of ALavandhAr

rushed to Srirangam to receive latter's blessings .It was

however too late .

 

When RaamAnujA saw the charama ThirumEni of AalavandhAr ,

he noticed that three of the fingers of the right hand

were closed as if to indicate that he had three

unfulfilled wishes .RaamAnujA asked the intimate disciples

about those wishes . RaamAnujA was told that the three wishes

were :(1) Writing of a commentary for the VyAsa Soothrams

(2) Naming of two Brahmin boys with the names of ParAsarA

(the author of VishNu PurANam ) and VyAsA ( the author of

Brahma Soothrams and Many PurANams )and (3) the writing of

a commentary for Swami NammAzhwAr's ThiruvAimozhi . RaamAnujA

pledged to fulfil the three wishes of AaLavandhAr with

the anugraham of the divya dampathis of Kanchipuram and

the folded fingers on the body of AalavandhAr suddenly

opened up after hearing this pledge . All those assembled

in sorrow around the chrama ThirumEni of AaLavandhar

were overcome by what they witnessed and hailed RaamAnujA

as the future Darsana SthApakar of Sri VisishtAdvaitham .

RaamAnujA took the permission of the chief disciple of AaLavandhAr,

Sri Periya Nampi ( MahA PoorNar ) and returned to Kaanchi

with a heavy heart .

 

Thirukkacchi Nampi and RaamAnujA

**********************************

 

Thirukkacchi nampi was a key disciple of AaLavandhAr.

He was doing fan service to Lord VaradarAjan at Kaanchi

and the Lord of Kaanchi broke His archA samAdhi (silence)

to speak to Thirukkacchi Nampi during those ChAmara

Kaimkaryam sessions . RaamAnujA admired Thirukkacchi Nampi

for his access to the Lord and asked Nampi to get answers

from the Lord Himself for questions that were troubling him .

Nampi agreed to present those questions to Lord Varadarajan .

The Lord's answer to RaamAnujA's questions are known as

the six statements referred to below:

 

(1) We , the Srimaan , is the supreme One (Parathvam).

(2) Our darsanam is BhEdham .

(3) Prapatthi is THE MEANS for Moksham .

(4) Moksham will be gained at the time of shedding

of the mortal coils for a Prapannan .

(5) Take refuge at the feet of Periya Nampi

as AchAryan.

(6) Anthima Smruthi( Thoughts on the Lord during the last

moments of life ) is not essential for the One , who

has performed Prapatthi .

 

RaamAnujA was thrilled to hear the instructions from

the Lord Himself and hastened to meet Periya Nampi

living at Srirangam . Meanwhile , Periya nampi had a dream

in which he was requested by Sri RanganAthA to bring

RaamAnujA to Srirangam and groom him to become

the next great AchAryA to spread the darsanam . Periya

nampi hastened on his journey towards Kaanchi. Both RaamAnujA

and Periya Nampi met each other half way at MadhurAnthakam .

Periya nampi initiated RaamAnujA into Sri VishNavite fold

through PanchasamskAram and manthra upadEsams .RaamAnujA

at this time was a grahasthA . RaamAnujA's wife however

had committed three major apachArams to Sri VaishNava

BhaagavathAs during the last few months of RaamAnujA as

a GrahasthA and sishyar of Periya Nampi . Those incidents

took a heavy toll on RaamAnujA's mind.He concluded that

SanYaasam is better than GrahathAsramam for him and declared

his intentions to Lord varadarAjA , who approved RaamAnujA's

request to enter into SanyAsAsramam .Great Sri VaishNavAs like

NadAdUr AzhwAn, KooratthAzhwAn , Mudali AaNDAn learnt

about the news of RaamAnujA becoming a Yathi and chose

him as their own AchAryan. Yaadhava PrakAsar , who resented

RaamAnujA earlier understood the greatness of his former

disciple and sought the refuge of RaamAnujA as his

own AchAryan ,although he was much older than his

own former disciple and lived peacefully at the sacred

feet of AchArya RaamAnujA .

 

RaamAnujA's move to Srirangam from Kaanchi

*******************************************

 

One day , Thiruvaranga perumAL Arayar came to Kaanchi

and performed arayar sevai for the Paasurams of Swami

NammAzhwAr before Lord VaradarAjan . The Lord of Kaanchi

was so pleased with the Arayar that He asked the Arayr

to choose a boon close to his heart.The Arayar blurted out

and asked for the gift of RaamAnujA . The Lord agreed

and gave His permission for RaamAnujA to go to Srirangam

with the Arayar and start his work as an AchAryan and

to continue the work of AaLavandhAr.

 

The Five AchAryans of AchArya RaamAnujA

****************************************

 

Five great disciples of ALavandhar following

the command of their AchAryan instructed

RaamAnujA on the essentials of Sri VaishNavam .

 

Periya nampi or MahA Poornar performed not only

Pancha samskArams for RaamAnujA but also taught

him the Brahma SoothrAs , the BhagavadgitA and

the esoteric meanings (rahasyArthams) of the

Sri VaishNavite rahasyams .

 

Goshti PoorNar or ThirukkOttiyUr nampi

tested the readiness of RaamAnujA many times

and finally trained him in the observance of

Ari VaishNavite religious practises as per

the three RahasyAs .

 

MaalAdhArA or ThirumAlai ANDAn taught RaamAnujA

Bhagavadh Vishayam or the subtle meanings of

Swami NammAzhwAr's ThiruvAimozhi Paasurams

(DrAvida samhithA ).

 

ThiruvarangapperumAL or AaLavandhAr AazhwAn

instructed RaamAnujA on the comprehensive text

of ThiruvAimozhi , the Sri Sookthis of AaLavandhAr

and some auspicious sayings ( SubhAshithams) .

 

Srisaila PoornA or Thirumalai nampi , the uncle of

RaamAnujA taught the inner meanings of Srimadh

RaamAyana SlOkams . Since Srimadh RaamAyaNam

is known as the SaraNAgathi Saasthram , this

acquistion of knowledge from a revered elder

AchAryan such as Thirumalai Nampi was an important

feature of RaamAnujar's tutelage.

 

The NINE Sri Sookthis of AchArya RaamAnujA

*******************************************

 

This CD ROM has focused deeply on the Sri Sookthis of

AchArya RaamAnujA and Bhagavadh AarAdhanam . AdiyEn

will therfore highlight the main points about

AchArya RaamAnujA's Sri Sookthis .

 

(1) Sri Bhaashyam , the magnum opus of AchArya RaamAnujA

is the greatest commentary on Brahma SoothrAs of

BadarAyaNA and is based on the BodhAyana Vrutthi ,

TankA's VaakhyA , DramidA's BhAshyam on TankA's VaakhyA ,

Saankhyasapathi of IsvarakrishNA , PaancharAthra samhithA ,

AaLavandhAr's Siddhitrayam and Aagama PrAmANyam .

 

With the help of select Sruthi, Smruthi and Saathvika

PurANam passages, AchArya RaamAnujA effectively

crticizes the other commentaries on Brahma SoothrAs

based on SankarA's AdhvaithA and BhAskarA's BhEdAbhEdA

as untenable and establishes the accuracy of Sri BhAshyam

rooted in Sri VisishtAdvaitham .

 

The essence of Sri Bhaashyam (Four Synoptic propositions )

has been summarized by Sro AdhidEvAnandA this way :

 

(a) It is a reasoned and critical reconstruction of

the philosophy of the Upanishads with due appreciation

of other sources of knowledge such as perception

and inference and the supplementary scriptures .

 

(b) The reconstruction presents Ultimate Reality , Brahman ,

the Supreme Spirit ,as the trascendent respository of ALL

perfections and as holding as it's own embodiment

the totality of finite existence ,sentient and insentient .

 

© The pathway to the final good of life is the blissful

communion with Brahman by way of devout and loving

contemplation named BHAKTHI , facilitated by

a life of virtue and founded on assured philosophical

understanding.

 

(d) The end attained through that means is the eternal

experience of Brahman , with all the plentitude and

eternity which only that experience can bring to

the individual personality .It is the supreme

ecstasy of Life in God .

 

 

(2) The GitA BhAshyam is an elaboration of AaLavandhAr's

GithArtha sangraham . The individual verses are explained

in the light of the VisishtAdhvathic tenets : " Reality is

personalistic with countless auspicious attributes , and that

it is a qualified whole of which Isvaran is the Soul ,

and the Jiva and the Jagat (Prakrti) form the body in

inseparable relation with the Whole, but there are

internal divisions of the nature of modes in It. "

 

The saadhanas that an aspiring human being should adopt for

Moksham are explained by AchArya RaamAnujA here .Moksham

in the complete sense is explained as occuring with

the fall of the physical body , " after which the released

soul is clothed in a body of suddha-sattvA with which it is

able to commune with God and experience His overpoweringly

august but loving presence through eternity " . This is

described as the experience of ParipUrNa BrahmAnandham

in the abode of Sriman NaarAyaNA at Sri Vaikuntam .

 

3.VedArtha SangrahA : This elaborate treatise is

an important commentary on the correct meanings of

the important passages of VedAs and Upanishads .This

grantham points out the deficiencies in the rival

schools of VedanthA in general and AdhvaithA in particular .

This grantham pays a lot of attention to the VisishtAdhvaithic

intrepretations of Tattva(Reality), HithA ( Means of attaining

Brahma ) and PurushArtham ( Supreme Goal of Life).

 

4. VedAntha DipA : This grantham is a shorter commentary

on Brahma SoothrAs. The essential purport of each of

the SoothrAs is given. It stays away from the scholarly

arguments of Sri Bhaashyam and does not include

the ctitique of the rival systems .

 

5.Vedantha SaarA : This is yet another brief commentary

on Brahma SoothrAs for those of average familiartiy

with VedAthic doctrines. This grantham gives the meaning

of each soothram and AdhikaraNam .

 

6. SaraNAgathi Gadhyam : This is one of the three Gadhyams

bequeathed to us by AchArya RaamAnujA.This gadhyam explains

the nature , importance and method of performance of

Prapatthi at the sacred feet of the Divya dampathis .

 

7. Sriranga Gadhyam : Here AchArya RaamAnujA prays to

Lord RanganAtha and Sri RanganAyaki with Parama

Bhakthi and utter humility .

 

8. Sri Vaikunta Gadhyam : This is a moving description

of Sri Vaikuntam visualized by AchArya RaamAnujA during

his divine ecstasy following his Prapatthi on a Panguni

Uttharam day in presence of the Divya Dampathis of Srirangam .

The depth of AchArya RaamAnujA 's mystical experience

of Sri Vaikuntam and the supreme bliss enjoyed there

by the MukthAs and Nithya Sooris is unparalleled .

 

9. The Nithya-GranthA : This practical grantham instructs

us about the proper form of worshipping Sriman NaarAyaNA .

Hence , this grantham is also known as Bhagavadh-aarAdhana

PrayOgA . Fifteen points are stressed and these are elaborated

further in this CD ROM dedicated to AchArya RaamAnujA .

Our great AchAryan insists that a VishNu Bhakthan

MUST perform Aaradhanam to the Lord to qualify as His

devotee as described in the twelfth chapter of BhagavadhgitA .

 

His Kaimkaryam for SamprahAya Pravarthakam :

 

After his return to Srirangam from ThirunArAyaNapuram ,

AchArya RaamAnujA as a great administrator established 74

SimhAsanAdhipathis to grow the Darsanam and gave them each

a set of Sankham and Chakram for performing Pancha SamskArams.

He handed over copies of SrikOsam on Sri Bhaashyam to

ThirukkuruhaippirAn PiLLAn , NdAdUr AzhwAn, KidAmpi AacchAn

and MudaliANDAn and asked them to continue with the pravachanam

of Sri Bhaashyam and made them Sri Bhaashya SimhAsanAthipathis.

He singled out ThirukkuruhaippirAn PiLLAn to initiate

Bhagavadh Vishaya KaalakshEpam and made this special

sishyan (His Jn~Ana Puthran) a Ubhaya SimhAsAnAthipathi.

 

In addition to the above 74 simhAsanAthipathis, there were

700 Jeeyars and 12,000 EkAnthis and thousands of Kainkarya-

parALs , who sought the sacred feet of AchArya RaamAnujA

for refuge.

 

Out of his infinite compassion , AchAryA RaamAnujA

in his last days gave us a five point guideline to follow

(yathA sakthi)that would assure us the grace of

Sriman NaarAyaNA :

 

(a)Perform KaalakshEpam of Sri Bhaashyam and spread

its message to others.

 

(b) If that is difficult , perform KaalakshEpam of

AzhwAr's aruLiccheyalkaL and spread their messeages .

 

© If that proves to be diffcult , perform daily

Kaimkaryams at Divya Desams through offering

NaivEdhyam to the Lord, lighting lamps in sannidhis ,

SamarpaNam of ThuLasi and flower garlands to

the Dhivya dampathis et al.

 

(d) If that proves to be not possible , recite

the Manthra Rathnam , Dhvayam , and contemplate on

its meaning .

 

(e) If none of the above is beyond one's sakthi ,

then seek Sri VaishNava sathsangam and become

the Thiruvadi of BhagavathAs to attain the bliss of

Moksham .

 

Concluding Salutations to NamperumAL and AchArya RaamAnujA

************************************************************

 

AdiyEn will conclude this short summary of the life and

works of AchArya RaamAnujA with the three slOkams

uttered in presence of Sri RanganAtha at the conclusion

of the AdhyayanOthsavam conducted by AchArya RaamAnujA :

 

sarvadEsa dasAkAlEshu avyAhata parAkramA

RaamAnujArya dhivyAj~nA vardhathAm abhivardhathAm

---- ThirukkuruhaippirAn PiLLAn

 

RaamAnujArya DhivyAj~nA prathivAsaramujjvalA

DhiganthavyApini BhUyAth saa hi LokahithaishiNi

---- MudaliANDAn

 

Sriman Srirangasriyam anubhadravAm anudhinam samvardhaya

Sriman Srirangasriyam anubhadhravAm anudhinam samvardhaya

--- AchArya RaamAnujA

 

May we seek the blessings of the Parama DayALu ,

AdhisEshAvathaarar , Sri RaamAnujA and the Guru paramparai

established by him on the occasion of the release of

this Special CD ROM celebrating his immortal gifts for us

and conclude with His Taniyan :

 

yO nithyam Achyutha PadhAmbhujayugmarugma

vyAmOhatha: tadhitharANi thruNAya mEnE

asmath GurO:BhagavadhOsya dayaikasindhO:

Raamaanujasya CharaNou SaraNam prapdhyE

 

DaasAnu Daasan , Oppiliappan Koil VaradchAri Sadagopan

PramAthi Samvathsaram, PurattAsi Pooram

KrishNa Paksha ThrayOdasi Thithi , October 7, 1999 .

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