Mercury in vaccines & Autism: The Letter Pediatrics Refused to Publish.

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http://tinyurl. com/3xyb5r <http://tinyurl. com/3xyb5r>Comment from Boyd Haley:...Attached is a letter Mark Blaxill and I prepared and sent to thePediatrics Journal in response to a Pichichero et al. study whichclaimed thimerosal (or ethyl mercury) left the body to fast to be toxic.Pediatrics refused to publish it which showed a total lack of supportfor any scientific debate in this journal for items concerning mercurytoxicity causing autism. This same Pediatrics journal rejected the Natafpaper showing abnormal urinary porphyrin profiles in autistic childrenindicating they were mercury toxic. What the paper shows is that usingPichichero's own data on fecal mercury excretion there was adefinite retention of

mercury in children receiving the normal vaccineschedule. Boyd HaleyBlaxil and Haley's submission to Pediatrics:Infant stool eliminates vaccinal mercury slowly suggesting highretention in tissueTo the editor,In a study in The Lancet, Pichichero et al 1 argued that ethylmercuryadministered to infants through vaccines is eliminated rapidly from theblood and effectively excreted in stool. Our analysis of this data,combined with a more recent analysis2 of mercury excretion in baby hairsuggests a more worrisome interpretation, one that offers support forthe hypothesis3 linking early mercury exposures with autism.Our calculations suggest that Pichichero et al.. overstated thesignificance of their excretion findings. Although their data support arapid rate of ethylmercury elimination from blood,

instead of similarlyrapid stool elimination, their findings demonstrate slow stool excretionin many infants, suggesting that significant amounts of ethylmercuryfrom vaccines may be retained in infant tissue.Most methyl mercury is eliminated from the body through stool and ethylmercury from vaccines most likely follows the same path. Both mercuryspecies must pass out of the blood to allow excretion in feces or (inlesser amounts) hair. 4 Nevertheless elimination from blood also allowsfor mercury transport into tissue, without prompt excretion. Ouranalysis of mercury excretion in autistic and control baby hairdemonstrated that, although mercury was excreted at high rates in hairof normal infants, hair of autistic infants contained very littlemercury, only 0.47 mcg/g versus 3.63 mcg/g in controls. This findingraises the possibility of increased mercury retention in the tissue ofautistic infants,

who also had higher rates of prenatal mercuryexposure.Pichichero et al provide data specific to infant mercury excretionthrough feces.. They measured mercury concentrations in stool of 22normal infants exposed to thimerosal in vaccines, ages two and sixmonths, and found a range of 23-141 nanograms of mercury per gram ofstool (dry weight). The authors interpreted these levels, mere parts perbillion, as positive evidence of mercury elimination.But these mercury concentrations are extremely low, not nearly enough toallow rapid excretion. Infant dry weight stool volumes have beenmeasured at between 1-3 grams per kilogram (kg) per day.5 Based on the50th percentile weight progression from 3.5-8 kg in the zero-six monthperiod, infant stool volumes may be expected to range from 6-18 grams(dry weight) per day. Taking the stool concentration range for mercuryfrom Pichichero et al, we calculated the

time required for an infant toexcrete the ethylmercury (187.5 mcg) that U.S. infants received by sixmonths of age during the 1990s.Stool Hg concentration Daily Hg excretion Days to excrete 187.5 mcg(ng/g) (mcg/day) (days)Minimum: 23 0.14-0.41 457-1,339Maximum: 140 0.84-2.52 74-223In the case of maximum excretion, early vaccine exposures are eliminatedwithin the time period of exposure, but for those children with stoolconcentrations at the low end of the range, the infant elimination raterises to nearly four years. For autistic infants, with evidence ofreduced excretion in hair and additional fetal exposures2 (from maternalamalgam filling, fish consumption and Rho D immunoglobulin injections)these excretion times were likely far longer.Our analysis contradicts the optimism expressed by Pichichero et al andsuggests that low mercury excretion rates in some infants may

underliethe link between mercury exposures and autism.Mark F. BlaxillDirector, Safe MindsBoyd E. Haley, PhDProfessor of Chemistry and Department ChairmanUniversity of KentuckyReferences:1. Pichichero ME, Cernichiari E, Lopreiato J, Treanor J. Mercuryconcentrations and metabolism in infants receiving vaccines containingthiomersal: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2002;360(9347) :1737-17412. Holmes AS, Blaxill MF, Haley BE. Reduced levels of mercury in firstbaby haircuts of autistic children. Int J Toxic. 2003;111(4): 277-2853. Bernard S, Enayati A, Redwood L, Roger H, Binstock T. Autism: a novelform of mercury poisoning. Med Hypotheses. 2001;56:462- 4714. Clarkson TW. The three modern faces of mercury. Environ HealthPerspect. 2002;110 Suppl 1:11-235. Chou C, Studies on the use of soybean food in infant feeding in Chinaand the development of formula 5410. Food Nutr Bull.

1983;5(1) :10-11http://www.unu. edu/unupress/ food/8F051e/ 8F051E00. htm - Contents

 

From The Lancet 2002:Mercury concentrations and metabolism in infants receiving vaccinescontaining thiomersal: a descriptive study.<http://www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/12480426>Pichichero ME, Cernichiari E, Lopreiato J, Treanor J.Department of Microbiology/ Immunology, University of Rochester,Rochester, New York, NY, USA. michael_pichichero@ urmc.rochester. eduBACKGROUND: Thiomersal is a preservative containing small amounts ofethylmercury that is used in routine vaccines for infants and children.The effect of vaccines containing thiomersal on concentrations ofmercury in infants'

blood has not been extensively assessed, and themetabolism of ethylmercury in infants is unknown. We aimed to measureconcentrations of mercury in blood, urine, and stools of infants whoreceived such vaccines. METHODS: 40 full-term infants aged 6 months andyounger were given vaccines that contained thiomersal(diptheria-tetanus- acellular pertussis vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, andin some children Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine). 21 controlinfants received thiomersal-free vaccines. We obtained samples of blood,urine, and stools 3-28 days after vaccination. Total mercury (organicand inorganic) in the samples was measured by cold vapour atomicabsorption. FINDINGS: Mean mercury doses in infants exposed tothiomersal were 45.6 microg (range 37.5-62.5) for 2-month-olds and 111.3microg (range 87.5-175.0) for 6-month-olds. Blood mercury inthiomersal-exposed 2-month-olds ranged from less than 3.75 to

20.55nmol/L (parts per billion); in 6-month-olds all values were lower than7.50 nmol/L. Only one of 15 blood samples from controls containedquantifiable mercury. Concentrations of mercury were low in urine aftervaccination but were high in stools of thiomersal-exposed 2-month-olds(mean 82 ng/g dry weight) and in 6-month-olds (mean 58 ng/g dry weight).Estimated blood half-life of ethylmercury was 7 days (95% CI 4-10 days).INTERPRETATION: Administration of vaccines containing thiomersal doesnot seem to raise blood concentrations of mercury above safe values ininfants. Ethylmercury seems to be eliminated from blood rapidly via thestools after parenteral administration of thiomersal in vaccines.

 

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