Music Therapy

[Guest guest]

I m the manager of a music group TUMATA that means Turkish Music

Therapy Research and Development Group. In the early ancient times

old turks make music for therapy and used against lots of illness. I

will send the details above.

 

I write this e-mail to make an organisation with the people who

ineterests and wants to make a different organization for a music

therapy seminar, concert and other similar activities.

 

Tumata is searching the effects of music as therapy since 1974.

And the group owner Assistant Prof Rahmi Oruc Guvenc is still using

music for therapy and get the activities on scientific works and

gets positive reasons after these works. Also cardiolog doctor Mr.

Mehmet Oz who lives in States used Tumata music cd s in his clinic

and he also get very positive affects from patients.

 

i m sure that to organize a concert with seminer with you makes a

very different and mystic effect for students or other people to

join the work shop.

 

Would you please think about this project?

 

Now here is the details about the group and their works.

 

Please write your opinions at

mavirecete

Murat BAYSAN

The Manager Of Famous Turkish Music Therapy Group

 

You can also read these notes from the adress www.tumata.com

(click english version of the site)

 

SPECIALTIES OF

TUMATA MUSIC THERAPY MAKAMS

Effects to the organs, Astrological properties, Time Relations,

Curing Effects

1) NIHAVEND TONALÝTY : Gives a general feeling of relaxation and

peace.Good for the abdominal area . Regulates blood tension and

circulation. Relaxes the muscles and is more effective around

noon.The speciality of the pentatonic tonality is that it induces

feelings of confidence and determination. 1 minute sample mp3 file

(Right click, 'save target as')

 

2) RAST TONALITY (MAKAM) : Good for the head and the eyes; helps

paralysis. Induces feelings of joy, enjoyment and comfort. Sign:

Aries. It is more effective at dawn and midnight. 1 minute sample

mp3 file (Right click, 'save target as')

 

3) REHAVI TONALITY : Induces feelings of eternity, infinitude and

general relaxation; is good for the head and the eyes. Sign: Libra.

More effective at dawn. 1 minute sample mp3 file (Right click, 'save

target as')

4) HÜSEYNI TONALITY : It is good for the internal organs; liver,

heart and stomach. It increases resistance against malaria. Induces

feelings of peace, calmness and relaxation. Sign: Scorpio. 1 minute

sample mp3 file (Right click, 'save target as')

 

5) HICAZ TONALITY : Good for the urogenital system and the kidneys.

Gives rise to the feelings of humbleness. Sign: Sagittarius. 1

minute sample mp3 file (Right click, 'save target as')

6) PENTATONIC MELODIES: Induces feelings of self confidence and

determination. 1 minute sample mp3 file (Right click, 'save target

as')

7) ACEMASIRAN TONALITY : Induces feelings of creativity and

infinitude. Helps labour. Good against pains. 1 minute sample mp3

file (Right click, 'save target as')

 

8) USSAK TONALITY : Good for gout pains and feet in general. Induces

sleep and laughter. Sign: Pisces. More effective at dusk. 1 minute

sample mp3 file (Right click, 'save target as')

9) SEGAH TONALITY : Strengthens the heart; is good for the brain. It

induces bravery and relaxation. 1 minute sample mp3 file (Right

click, 'save target as')

10) SABA MAKAMI: Induces religious feelings, bravery and strength.

It also helps relaxation. More effective at down. 1 minute sample

mp3 file (Right click, 'save target as')

11) BUSELIK TONALITY : Induces general relaxation. It is beneficial

for the abdominal area and the muscles. Regulates blood tension and

circulation. 1 minute sample mp3 file (Right click, 'save target as')

12) ISFAHAN TONALITY : Removes negative thoughts; clears the mind

and increases intelligence. Beneficial against gynaecological

illnesses. Increases mobility and induces self confidence. Sign:

Gemini. 1 minute sample mp3 file (Right click, 'save target as')

13) NEVA TONALITY : Removes negative thoughts. Beneficial against

waist and hip pains; good for gynaecological illnesses. Restores

taste and induces relief and happiness. Sign: Aquarius. 1 minute

sample mp3 file (Right click, 'save target as')

14) BAKSHI DANCE: An ancient therapy dance originating from the

Altai mountain range - improvised application. 1 minute sample mp3

file (Right click, 'save target as')

15) ARCHETYPICAL MOVEMENTS: Therapy and preparation by arm, shoulder

and head movements. Ýmage Music: Helps therapy and healing process

by inducing the visualisation of images. 1 minute sample mp3 file

(Right click, 'save target as')

16) SEMA - SEMAH: Examples from Sema and Semah (Whirling dance of

dervishes). 1 minute sample mp3 file (Right click, 'save target as')

17) IRAK TONALITY : Affects people with tan complexion. More

effective in mid-morning. Helps learning, understanding and

concentration. Beneficial for the stubborn and vulgar characters.

Removes feelings of fear and exasperation. Sign: Taurus. 1 minute

sample mp3 file (Right click, 'save target as')

 

18) BUZURK TONALITY : Gets rid of apprehension and fear. Clears the

mind. Directs thought. Beneficial against fever. Sign: Leo / Group:

Fire. 1 minute sample mp3 file (Right click, 'save target as')

 

19) ZIREFKEND TONALITY :Beneficial against back, muscle and acute

abdominal pain. More effective after midnight. Sign: Cancer / Group:

Water. 1 minute sample mp3 file (Right click, 'save target as')

20) ZENGULE TONALITY : Good for the brain and the heart. Beneficial

for stomach and liver disorders. It has a relation with hip joints

and inner side of the legs. Sign: Virgo - Libra. Group: Earth.

 

TURKISH MUSIC AND HEALING

Asst. Prof. Dr. Rahmi Oruc Guvenc

According to the view of experts who have done research on music;

music existed before language. Abstract concepts, memory, symbols,

associations, analogical relations necessary for conversation and

speech have evolved and matured with humanity. Together with this,

there is in every particle in nature, a unity of melody and rhythm

which continues with great order and harmony. In the harmony and

rhythm perfection of bird sounds, in the movement of atoms,

electrons and galaxies and in the amplified sounds of the fluids of

our body, we can observe the relation and association of music with

the created world at large.

Music and music therapy history understanding of the present world,

directs us to colloborate with sciences like anthropology, history,

ethnotherapy, ethnomedicine, psychology, pedagogy, sociology,

spirituality and parapsychology.

When we enter the subject through the scope of history, we have to

venture into very ancient times.

The dancing figures in the Gobustan rocks in Azerbaijan, presents us

with a reality of music and dance which dates back at least 12 to 14

thousand years. Mingyar rock drawings on the banks of river Mulche

which is near the Hoten City's administrative subdivision of

Cherchen belonging to the Uigur Turks, dates back 6 to 8 thousand

years. When we observe the disposition of history and culture

accumulation which transmits us to very ancient times through the

scope of Proto-Turkish culture, the findings of German scientist Dr.

Wolfram become important and these findings document the effect of

Turkish culture on Chinese culture in the areas of music, dance,

ceramics, theatre and taming animals in the 3rd millenium BC.

According to the findings of French researcher Maurice Curan which

are based on Chinese sources, published in the Lavinniac Music

Encyclopedia, ancient Turkish musical enstruments and pentatonic

musical performance affected Chinese culture deeply.

Researchers like Eduard Chavannes, Bela Bartok, Robert Lach, Ahmed

Adnan Saygun , Ferruh Arsunar and great Turkish ethnomusicolog

Mahmut Ragip Gazimihal, have made important studies in this area and

have documented the effects of Turkish music culture on Chinese

culture, and its Central Asia-Anatolia connection. According to

these studies, the important epicenters of proto-Turkish culture are

Sensi and Kansu provinces. Hakas-Tuva culture and Altai-Turkish

culture send us back to the 3rd millenium BC. In the beginning of

the 20th century, Soviet researchers Rudenko and Griaznov,

discovered a musical instrument called 'Cheng' under the ice of

Pazirik valley in Altai region. According to Rudenko the proto-

Turkish culture which the instrument belongs to, dates back 3700

years.

 

 

MOVEMENT HEALING and MUSIC THERAPY TRADITION

ACTIVE MUSIC THERAPY

Central Asian doctors (shamans) named Kam or Baksi (Bakshi) were

using music and dance to cure patients. With this dance therapy,

which is still continuing in regions like Kazakhstan, Kygyzistan,

Altai area, Mongolia and Siberia, spiritual energy which is evoked

by arm, shoulder and head movements spreads to the whole body and

the knowledge necessary to cure the patient is obtained. The Bakshi

were performing the trance and the curing session with musical

instrument like KILKOPUZ, DOMBRA, SHANKOPUZ, ASATAYAK and DAVUL. In

these sessions, pentatonic musical tonalities were used. In England,

at London Nordoff-Robbins Music Therapy Institute, due to the

findings that pentatonic music creates self confidence and feelings

of determination in people, this type of music is used for the

education and the treatment of autistic children.

Within TUMATA activities, together with Bakshi dance, various other

Sufi dances (like sema-semah) are studied and with the active music

therapy understanding that is formed, these old techniques are used

for curing purposes within Modern Medicine, in the areas of autism,

geriatry, oncology , immunology, neurology, cardiology, depression

and anxiety. There is mutual cooperation with Berlin Urban Hospital

and Vienna Meidling Clinic in these areas.

 

 

PASSIVE (RECEPTIVE) MUSIC THERAPY TRADITION

Curing with makam (Turkish tonality) music and treatment with these

elements, which matured and established itself along with the Bakshi-

Kam curing tradition and pentatonic music form which has an

important place in Turkish culture and history of music and dance,

has again revitalized itself in today's medical arena. One thousand

years ago in Central Asia, Farabi, Ibn-i Sina, Ebu Bekir Razi, Hasan

Þuri, Hekimbaþý Gevrekzade Hafýz Hasan Efendi and Haþim Bey have

written works on makam music, which was developing and spreading in

Horasan (Transoxiana) and Uigur Regions, and they described the

relations of makams with feelings and organs of the body by

classifications. While pentatonic music was continuing to develop in

Turkic provinces, a different makam music based on a system of 7

notes, where one whole note was divided into 9 different sounds

(komas), has contributed to our culture and art with a wealth of

over 400 makams.

Ebu Bekir Razi, one of the great Muslim Turkish scholars, who lived

between 834-932, in his work on the curing of melancholic patients

tells us the following: " … melancholic patient must be cured through

some sort of pre-occupation… melancholic patient should pursue a

joyful hobby like hunting or fishing. He should get to know

different kind of games. He should meet people whose character,

behavior and morals he likes; and should listen to songs which are

sang by beautiful voices. "

 

 

Great Turkish scholar Farabi (870-950) classifies the effects of the

tonalities to the soul as follows:

Rast tonality: Induces joy and feelings of peace >>

Rehavi tonality: Induces feelings of infinitude >>

Kuchek tonality: Induces feelings of sorrow and grief >>

Buzurk tonality: Induces fear >>

Isfahan tonality: Induces feelings of self confidence and aids the

ability to move >>

Neva tonality: Gives a person taste and relief >>

Ussak tonality: Induces laughter >>

Zirgule tonality: Induces sleep >>

Saba tonality: Gives a person courage and power >>

Buselik tonality: Gives strength >>

Huseyni tonality: Induces feelings of peace (calmness and comfort)

>>

Hicaz tonality: Induces humbleness >>

Great Muslim Turkish philosopher and scholar Ibn-i Sina (Avicenna,

980-1037) defines the role music plays in medicine as follows: " …

One of the most effective and best paths of curing is to increase

the mental and spiritual strengths of the patient. To cope better

with the illness, the patient should be encouraged, should listen to

good music and should come together with people whom he loves. "

Ibn-i Sina states that, he had benefited greatly from the works of

Farabi, and adds that he had learned music from him and applied it

in his medicinal occupation. In his book 'Kitap'un Necat'

and 'Kitab'un Sife' which he wrote in Arabic, 12. chapters are

totally reserved for music. These chapters were translated by Baron

Rodolph Dearlangar, and were named and published as 'La Musique

Arap'.

In the works named 'Tadil-i Emzice' of the ancient Turkish Doctor

Shuuri, there is encompassing information about curing with music.

Shuuri in his work 'Tadil-I Emzice' states that at the different

times of the day, different tonalities are effective.

According to him:

Rast and Rehavi tonality: Effective at dawn >>

Huseyni tonality: Effective in the morning >>

Irak tonality: Effective around mid-morning >>

Nihavend tonality: Effective around noon >>

Hicaz tonality: Effective between two prayer times >>

Buselik tonality: Effective in the afternoon >>

Ussak tonality: Effective at dusk >>

Zengule tonality: Effective after sunset >>

Muhalif tonalities: Effective after the last prayer in the evening

>>

Rast tonality: Effective at midnight >>

Zirefkend tonality: Effective after midnight >>

 

 

According to Shuuri, different tonalities affect the different

gatherings of people:

Gathering of religious scholars (Ulema meclisi): Rast and Tevabii

tonalities >>

Assembly of Kings: Isfahan and Tevabii tonalities >>

Gathering of Dervishes: Hicaz and Tevabii tonalities >>

Gathering of Sufis: Rehavi and Tevabii tonalities >>

Nine centuries before our time in the Nureddin Hospital in Damascus,

which was built by Seljukian Sultan Nureddin Zengi, musical

tonalities were used to cure patients.

In later times, curing with music was implemented in Amasya, Sivas,

Kayseri, Manisa, Bursa, Istanbul (Fatih Kulliyesi) and Edirne

hospitals. We find the following written in Evliya Chelebi's travel

chronicles: " The late Bajezid, the benefactor; may God forgive his

sins; to cure the ill, to relieve the aggrieved, to get rid of the

passion of love and as a nutrition to the souls of the crazy, had

arranged 10 professional singers and 10 musicians, of which 3 were

only singers, 1 was a Neyzen, 1 was a violin player, 1 was a musikar

(Pan flute) player, 1 was a Santur player, and 1 was an Ud player.

They came 3 times a week to apply a session of music to the patients

and the mad. "

According to these sources, during the execution of these passive-

receptive music therapy sessions, which developed with the ripened

tonalities of Turkish Art Music - which has its origin in Horasan

(Transoxiana) - and Horasan Anatolian music, the patients would

listen either by sitting comfortably or lying down in a resting

position. In this form of curing, the aim was to relieve the patient

by changing their emotional states and help them rekindle their self

confidence

Today, in the technique applied by our therapists, these basic

principles have been preserved. The patient lies in a comfortable

position and with an accompanying relaxing rhythm and water sound;

Ney, Rebab, Cheng, Ud, Dombra and Rubab are played in an improvised

fashion and suitable tonalities are used. In these sessions, many

positive changes and improvements have been recorded in

psychological and physical illnesses ranging from autism and

pediatrics to geriatrics. Dr. L. Gutjahr and Prof. V. Mechleid have

recorded EEG measurements which have corroborated these traditions

of at least a millennium. After experimenting on the important 10 to

15 of these 400 tonalities, we have made cassettes and CDs to be

used in the sessions.

In Vienna, at the Meidling Rehabilitation Center, therapy

implementations are executed by using Turkish tonalities on coma

patients. Here a change in the alpha and theta waves in the brain of

the patients was observed. Many patients are relieved of coma after

these therapy sessions.

 

TÜMATA (The Group for the Research and Promotion of Turkish Music)

was founded by Asst. Prof. Dr. Rahmi Oruc Guvenc in 1976, and

research in theory and application is being carried out, comprising

the subjects of Turkish music history, its instruments and their

manufacturing techniques and specialties, repertory elements and

execution methods within the scope of comperative music history

(Ethnomusicology).

Musical healing and movement therapy tradition, which uses

ethnomusical elements within the environment of modern medical

science, has an important place in Turkish history and culture.

TUMATA, has united the residue of knowledge in musical healing and

movement therapy that has reached our time, with clinical and

laboratory experiments.

The research on Psychogalvanic reflex and its relation with music in

Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, during clinical

psychology doctorate programme (between 1976-80), the computurised

EEG analysis and the effects of Turkish musical tonalities in Berlin

Urban Hospital (in 1986-90) and the findings in the neurology,

cardiology, oncology, geriatry , immunology projects which are still

continuing in Vienna Medling Clinic (since 2001), shed light on the

importance and essence of Turkish music therapy tradition in today's

world.

With the decree of Istanbul Marmara University Senate dated 18th

February 1997, and the decree of 'Munich Hochschule für Music' dated

06 May 1997, an educational pilot project on Turkish music therapy

tradition and its application has began between the Austrian Eastern

Music Therapy School, Munich Academy of Advanced Music and Theatre

and the Turkic Research Institute of Marmara University. Apart from

these, since 1986, research within the educational programme of the

Austrian Rosenau Eastern Music Therapy School and educational

courses in Zurich, Madrid, Barcelona, Berlin and Mennheim are

continuing. The music therapy specialists which have received

instruction from Asst. Prof. Dr. Rahmi Oruc Guvenc are continuing

curing and healing activities in clinics in Austria and Germany.

European connections, schooling and training efforts in European

countries, concerts and seminars are being coordinated by

psychologist and theologist Gerhard Kadir Tucek. Ethnomusicology

Foundation was established in Vienna in 1986. The school started its

education program in 1989. Ethnomusictherapy Institution was founded

by G. Kadir Tuek in 1999 and educational musictherapy programs are

being carried out in Rosenaw, Zurich, Madrid, Barcelona, Berlin and

Mannheim. This institute and its scientific programs with clinical

cooperation has a past reaching as far as 1993. Amongst the projects

undertaken in Meidling (Vienna), the oldest is a neurolojik research

program.

Cardiology research is continuing since 2000; onkology research is

continuing since 2001, clinical research related with the

handicapped is continuing since 1993.

Elements of Ethnomusicology and music therapy which have reached

today are the disposition of a long historical and cultural

accumulation and are being brought to life and promoted by TUMATA

members which reach the number of 25, in countrywide and around the

world concerts, seminars, conferences, symposia and TV programmes.

In the museum in Istanbul, over 300 authentic musical instruments*

from Turkic provinces, which are being used in live performances

have being gathered and exhibited. Members of the group come

together in certain days of the week and reherse concert repertory

and music therapy applications. Various clinical activities are

still being continued.Members of TUMATA have taken part in many

national and international festivals, concerts and seminar

activities.

In Bakirkoy Mental Disorders Hospital, musical and movement therapy

programmes have been implemented on patients with Dr. Arif Verimli

(1997-1999).

 

 

Instruments used in concerts and saminars :

 

Rebab, Ney, Ud, Tanbur, Kanun, Chen, Baglama, Dombra (dutar),

Kilkopuz, Rubab, Tar, Miskal, Gubuz (Sangobiz), Balaban (Mey), Kabak

Kemane (Gýcek), Ozbek Nay, Turkmen Kaval, Koray, Sibizgi, Mazhar,

Kudum, Halile