CJD-infectious colostrum?Isn't that part of Milk???

[Guest guest]

---namste, oop! forgot some

Since November 2000 BSE-infections have also been detected in

German dairy cows. This raised concerns as to the BSE safety of

German dairy produce, a question relevant for public health and

agriculture politics. This report presents and evaluates in detail

the currently available information. On this occasion it became

apparent that due to various methodological inadequacies the

experimental and epidemiological investigations which have so far

been carried out actually do not guarantee the BSE safety of milk to

a satisfactory extent. Safety declarations which have been given so

far from various sides were obviously based on superficial

examination of the data and are in the following refuted.

 

In , theis888 <k_t723> wrote:

> CJD-infectious colostrum? Colostrum gained 4 days after a cesarean

section in the 30th week of pregnancy from a 38-year-old Japanese

woman was injected directly into the brains of 20 BALB/c mice. 2 of

these 20 mice became sick and showed according to the presentation

given by the authors histopathologically recognizable spongiforme

degeneration and astrogliosis. By injection of brain material from

the diseased mice into the brains of other mice the authors

demonstrated transmissibility of the disease. The child of this

woman was not breast fed and has so far healthily reached at least

its 6th year of life. [ALJP]

> The disquietening result of this experiment was simply concealed

in many opinions on the BSE safety of milk. Others question it

without backing their doubts by facts which could be checked. Thus

the Scientific Steering Committee of the EU in its Opinion on the

safety of milk with regard to TSE refers to a letter from Professor

K. Yamanouchi to Ray Bradley dated February 1997, which

unfortunately was never published and is not even quoted word-for-

word, according to which a Japanese authority by further

histopathological resp. immunhistochemical examinations of fixated

brain slices of mice which had been inoculated with colostrum and

later became sick detected neither spongiforme degenerations nor

protease resistant prion proteins [ANCL]. This is rather peculiar,

as the authors of the study had clearly reported to have found

spongiforme degenerations and astrogliosis. Why, then, did the

Japanese authority not publish a clarifying report on the assumed

fake or at least on the

> misinterpretation by Tamai et al., and why was their paper not

officially retracted if the data were, in fact, incorrect?

> Moreover the Japanese authority is reported to have actually

detected spongiforme degenerations and protease resistant prion

protein in brain slices of mice which had been inoculated with brain

material from the mice which had been injected with colostrum

[ANCL]. This raises the question how the allegedly not infected mice

could have been infectious themselves.

> Quite strange is, too, that the Japanese authority as well as the

SSC doubt the results of Tamai et al. only because after the initial

transmission crossing a species barrier one had not found the

typical holes and amyloid plaques [ANCL]. Apart from the

contradicting statements of Tamai et al. also Clark 1981, Fraser et

al. 1992 and Lasmézas et al. 1997 had shown that likewise

transmitting Scrapie to cattle [AFPP] or BSE to mice [AEEK,AHBH] not

always holes and immunologically detectable protease resistant prion

protein can be found. Similarly the Scrapie strain SSBP/1 in sheep

partly causes only minimal degenerative changes, making a clear

neuropatholocical diagnosis hardly possible [ADIO,AEDB].

> Finally in all experiments on the transmission of CJD or BSE to

mice it was observed that different strains of mice showed different

susceptibilities to certain strains of the infectious agent [ANCB,

ANCC, ALMQ]. Insuccessful attempts to repeat a transmission

experiment therefore do not necessarily prove it to be

untrustworthy.

> Scrapie transmission by semen or embryos? The embryo transfer

study by Foster et al. [AEDB, AECX] intended to show whether scrapie

infected sheep could infect their offspring already in the first

days of gestation. The published first part of results in the year

1992 seemed to prove this [AEDB], but after an extension of the

experiment by negative controls as published in 1996 this

interpretation could no longer be upheld [AECX]. The biological

offspring of not infected mothers developed the disease as often as

the biological offspring of infected mothers. In view of all

inadequacies of the experimental design this embryo transfer

experiment by Foster and his colleagues shows that with Scrapie

there must either occur transmission by clinically inapparent

mothers or by ways of transmission other than the ingestion of

infectious placenta. Moreover, this experiment demonstrates that a

maternal transmission is highly unlikely up to the 6th day of

gestation. Milk would have been only one

> of several possible ways of transmission in this experiment if

there would actually exist scrapie resistant scrapie transmitters in

sheep.

> In another embryo transfer experiment not even all experimentally

infected sheep developed the disease and only 2 of 20 offspring of

Scrapie infected sheep intended as positive controls [AECB]. Of the

offspring produced by embryo transfer none contracted the disease,

thus even this experiment does not point at maternal transmission

[AECB].

> New Experiments

> In an experiment which has presumably begun in the meantime it

shall be attempted to detect protease resistant prion protein in the

concentrated milk of experimentally infected cows by one of the

validated BSE-Tests [sEA]. The SEAC states with respect to this that

an intracerebral inoculation of milk of BSE sick cows directly into

the brains of calves would be favourable and therefore recommended

such bioassays [sEA]. Without a species barrier and circumventing

the digestive tract such a transmission experiment promises a

significantly higher sensitivity than all experiments carried out so

far.

> Also the SSC is aware of the limited significance of the studies

carried out so far and of the existence of leukocytes in milk and

made clear, that a precise estimation as to the BSE risk from milk

and colostrum would not be possible without respective experiments

using intracerebral inoculation in animals of the same species

[ANCL]. Therefore the SSC advises against the consumption of

colostrum, milk and milk products of BSE suspect animals and

requires more significant transmission experiments [ANCL]. Until the

end of March 2001 the SSC had no knowledge of plans for highly

sensitive experiments in which milk of BSE sick cows was to be

injected into the brains of calves [ANCL]. Commissioned by the Food

Standards Agency only the milk of experimentally infected cows was

to be examined for protease resistant prion protein [ANCL].

> A research cooperation including

> Prof. Erwin Märtlbauer, Chair of Hygiene and Technology of Milk

at the Institute for Hygiene and Technology of Food of Animal Origin

of the Veterinary Faculty of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University in

Munich,

> Prof. Siegfried Scherer at the Institute for Microbiology of

the Research Centre for Milk and Food in Weihenstephan of the

Technical University of Munich,

> Prof. Manfred Gareis at the Institute for Microbiology and

Toxicology of the Federal Institution for Meat Research in Kulmbach

and

> Dr. Martin Groschup at the Institute for Immunology of the

Federal Research Institution for Viral Diseases of Animals

> strives to achieve a concentration of the agent by biochemical

and/or immunochemical methods which allows for a 1000 fold more

sensitive detection of PrPSC in body fluids like milk, blood and

meat juice.

> Moreover, according to an information given by Nora Hunter on the

14.3.2001 an experiment was to be carried out in which some scrapie

susceptible lambs were to be hand-reared [ANCL].

> Literature

> ANCH . Alpers,M. - Epidemiological and clinical aspects of kuru -

In: Prusiner,S.B. und McKinley,M.P. (Editoren) Prions: novel

infectious pathogens causing scrapie and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

San Diego: Academic Press, 1987: 451-65

>

> ANCC . Barlow,R.M.; Middleton,D.J. - Oral transmission of BSE to

mice - Sub-Acute Spongiform Encephalopathies, edited by Ray Bradley,

Marc Savey and Brian Marchant - Proceedings of a Seminar in the CEC

Agricultural Research Programme, held in Brussels, 12-14 November

1990, 1991; 55: 33-9 in Current Topics in Veterinary Medicine and

Animal Science

>

> ANCB . Barlow,R.M.; Middleton,D.J. - Dietary transmission of

bovine spongiform encephalopathy to mice - The Veterinary Record

1990 Feb 3; 126(5): 111-2

>

> ADIO . Dickinson,A.G. - Scrapie in sheep and goats - Frontiers of

Biology 1976; 44: 209-41

>

> AECB . Foote,W.C.; Clark,W.; Maciulis,A.; Call,J.W.; Hourrigan,J.;

Evans,R.C.; Marshall,M.R.; de Camp,M. - Prevention of scrapie

transmission in sheep, using embryo transfer - American Journal of

Veterinary Research 1993 Nov; 54(11): 1863-8

>

> AECX . Foster,J.D.; Hunter,N.; Williams,A.; Mylne,M.J.A.;

Mckelvey,W.A.C.; Hope,J.; Fraser,H.; Bostock,C. - Observations on

the transmission of scrapie in experiments using embryo-transfer -

The Veterinary Record 1996 Jun 8; 138(23): 559-62

>

> AEDA . Foster,J.D.; Hope,J.; Fraser,H. - Transmission of bovine

spongiform encephalopathy to sheep and goats - The Veterinary Record

1993 Oct 2; 133(14): 339-41

>

> AEDB . Foster,J.D.; McKelvey,W.A.; Mylne,M.J.; Williams,A.;

Hunter,N.; Hope,J.; Fraser,H. - Studies on maternal transmission of

scrapie in sheep by embryo transfer - The Veterinary Record 1992 Apr

18; 130(16): 341-3

>

> ANCG . Fraser,H.; Foster,J.D. - Transmission to mice, sheep and

goats and bioassay of bovine tissues - Transmissible Spongiform

Encephalopathies, R. Bradley and B. Marchant, eds.: Brussels:

Working document for the European Commission Ref.F.II.3-JC/0003),

pp. 145-159. - Proceedings of a Consultation on BSE with the

Scientific Veterinary Committee of the Commission of the European

Communities, 14-15 September 1993, (1994)

>

> AEEK . Fraser,H.; Bruce,M.E.; Chree,A.; McConnell,I.; Wells,G.A. -

Transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie to

mice - Journal of General Virology 1992 Aug; 73(8): 1891-7

>

> AEZP Hadlow,W.J.; Kennedy,R.C.; Race,R.E. - Natural infection of

Suffolk sheep with scrapie virus - Journal of Infectious Diseases

1982 Nov; 146(5): 657-64

>

> AEZR . Hadlow,W.J.; Kennedy,R.C.; Race,R.E.; Eklund,C.M. -

Virologic and neurohistologic findings in dairy goats affected with

natural scrapie - Veterinary Pathology 1980 Mar; 17(2): 187-99

>

> AEZS . Hadlow,W.J.; Eklund,C.M.; Kennedy,R.C.; Jackson,T.A.;

Whitford,H.W.; Boyle,C.C. - Course of experimental scrapie virus

infection in the goat - Journal of Infectious Diseases 1974 May; 129

(5): 559-67

>

> PEA . Heynkes,R. (18 Sep 2001) - Die meisten BSE-Kühe wurden als

Kälber infiziert - www.heynkes.de/peaks.htm

>

> AFPP . Hourrigan,J.L. - Experimentally induced bovine spongiform

encephalopathy in cattle in Mission, Tex, and the control of

scrapie - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

1990 May 15; 196(10): 1678-9

>

> AFPS . Houston,F.; Foster,J.D.; Chong,A.; Hunter,N.; Bostock,C.J. -

Transmission of BSE by blood transfusion in sheep - Lancet 2000 Sep

16; 356(9234): 999-1000

>

> AHBH . Lasmézas,C.I.; Deslys,J.P.; Robain,O.; Jaegly,A.;

Beringue,V.; Peyrin,J.M.; Fournier,J.G.; Hauw,J.J.; Rossier,J.;

Dormont,D. - Transmission of the BSE agent to mice in the absence of

detectable abnormal prion protein - Science 1997 Jan 17; 275(5298):

402-5

>

> AIIK . Middleton,D.J.; Barlow,R.M. - Failure to transmit bovine

spongiform encephalopathy to mice by feeding them with extraneural

tissues of affected cattle - The Veterinary Record 1993 May 29; 132

(22): 545-7

>

> ANBJ . Pattison,I.H.; Millson,G.C. - Distribution of the scrapie

agent in the Tissues of experimentally inoculated goats - Journal of

Comparative Pathology and Therapeutics 1962; 72: 233-44

>

> ANBI . Pattison,I.H.; Millson,G.C. - Experimental transmission of

scrapie to goats and sheep by the oral route - Journal of

Comparative Pathology 1961; 71: 171-6

>

> AJZJ . Ridley,R.M.; Baker,H.F. - The myth of maternal transmission

of spongiform encephalopathy - British Medical Journal 1995 Oct 21;

311(7012): 1071-5 -

http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/311/7012/1071

>

> ANCL . Scientific Steering Committee - Safety of milk with regard

to TSE: State of affairs -

http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/fs/sc/ssc/out175_en.html

>

> SEA . SEAC - Public summary of meeting on 28 February 2001 -

http://www.defra.gov.uk/news/seac/seac101.htm

>

> AKSU . Shaked,G.M.; Shaked,Y.; Kariv-Inbal,Z.; Halimi,M.;

Avraham,I.; Gabizon,R. - A protease-resistant prion protein isoform

is present in urine of animals and humans affected with prion

diseases. - Journal of Biological Chemistry 2001 Aug 24; 276(34):

31479-82 - http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/abstract/276/34/31479

>

> ALJP . Tamai,Y.; Kojima,H.; Kitajima,R.; Taguchi,F.; Ohtani,Y.;

Kawaguchi,T.; Miura,S.; Sato,M.; Ishihara,Y. - Demonstration of the

transmissible agent in tissue from a pregnant woman with Creutzfeldt-

Jakob disease - New England Journal of Medicine 1992 Aug 27; 327(9):

649

>

> ALLU . Tateishi,J. - Transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

from human blood and urine into mice - Lancet 1985 Nov 9; 2(8463):

1074

>

> ALMQ . Taylor,D.M.; Fernie,K.; Steele,P.J.; Somerville,R.A. -

Relative efficiency of transmitting bovine spongiform encephalopthy

to RIII mice by the oral route - The Veterinary Record 2001 Mar 17;

148: 345

>

> ALNN . Taylor,D.M.; Ferguson,C.E.; Bostock,C.J.; Dawson,M. -

Absence of disease in mice receiving milk from cows with bovine

spongiform encephalopathy - The Veterinary Record 1995; 136(N23): 592

>

> AMJF . Wells,G.A.H.; Hawkins,S.A.C.; Green,R.B.; Spencer,Y.I.;

Dexter,I.; Dawson,M. - Limited detection of sternal bone marrow

infectivity in the clinical phase of experimental bovine spongiform

encephalopathy (BSE) - The Veterinary Record 1999 March 13; 144(11):

292-4

>

> AMJG . Wells,G.A.H.; Hawkins,S.A.C.; Green,R.B.; Austin,A.R.;

Dexter,I.; Spencer,Y.I.; Chaplin,M.J.; Stack,M.J.; Dawson,M. -

Preliminary observations on the pathogenesis of experimental bovine

spongiform encephalopathy (BSE): an update - The Veterinary Record

1998 Jan 31; 142(5): 103-6

>

> AMJJ . Wells,G.A.; Dawson,M.; Hawkins,S.A.; Green,R.B.; Dexter,I.;

Francis,M.E.; Simmons,M.M.; Austin,A.R.; Horigan,M.W. - Infectivity

in the ileum of cattle challenged orally with bovine spongiform

encephalopathy - The Veterinary Record 1994 Jul 9; 135(2): 40-1

>

> ANDA . Wijeratne,W.V.; Curnow,R.N. - A study of the inheritance of

susceptibility to bovine spongiform encephalopathy - The Veterinary

Record 1990 Jan 6; 126(1): 5-8

>

> AMMU . Wilesmith,J.W.; Wells,G.A.; Ryan,J.B.; Gavier-Widen,D.;

Simmons,M.M. - A cohort study to examine maternally-associated risk

factors for bovine spongiform encephalopathy - Veterinary Record

1997 Sep 6; 141(10): 239-43

>

> AMMT Wilesmith,J.W.; Ryan,J.B. - Absence of BSE in the offspring

of pedigree suckler cows affected by BSE in Great Britain -

Veterinary Record 1997 Sep 6; 141(10): 250-1

> Acknowledgements

> I am thanking Mrs Dr Schütt-Abraham for a stimulating discussion

of my work and the Agricultural Ministry in Nordrhein-Westfalen for

a financial support.

>

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> karl theis jr

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> http://groups.msn.com/exposureofthetruth

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