SHEEPLES AMERICANS= FLOURIDE

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Why American's are SHEEPLES: FLUORIDE

 

American Patriot Friends Network apfn http://www.freeyellow.com/members5/apfn/ Why American's are SHEEPLES: FLUORIDETo Whom It May Concern:I, Oliver Kenneth Goff was a member of the Communist Party andthe Young Communist League, from May 2, 1936 to October 9, 1939. Duringthis period of time, I operated under the alias of John Keats and thenumber 18-B-2. My testimony before the Government is incorporated inVolume 9 of the Un-American Activities Report for the year 1939.While a member of the Communist Party, I attended Communistunderground training schools outside the City of New York: In theBues Hall, and 113 East Wells Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The EastWells Street School operated under the name of the Eugene Debs School.Here, under the tutoring of Eugene Dennis, M. Sparks, Morris Childs,Jack Kling and others, we were schooled in the art of revolutionaryoverthrow of the established Government.We were trained on how to dismantle and assemble mimeographmachines, to use for propaganda purposes during the revolution; howto work on guide wires and fuel lines of airplanes so that they wouldeither burst into flames or crash to the ground because of lack ofcontrol; how to work on ties and rails to wreck trains; and also theart of poisoning water supplies.We discussed quite throughly the fluoridation of water suppliesand how we were using it in Russia as a tranquilizer in the prisoncamps. The leaders of our school felt that if it could be induced intothe American water supply, it would bring-about a spirit of lethargyin the nation; where it would keep the general public docile during asteady encroachment of Communism. We also discussed the fact thatkeeping a store of deadly fluoride near the water reservoir would beadvantageous during the time of the revolution, as it would give usopportunity to dump this poison into the water supply and either killoff the populace or threaten them with liquidation, so that they wouldsurrender to obtain fresh water.We discussed in these schools, the complete art of revolution:the seizure of the main utilities, such as light, power, gas, and water;but it was felt by the leadership, that if a program of fluoridatingof the water could be carried out in the nation, it would go a long waytoward the advancement of the revolution.The above statements are true./s/ Oliver Kenneth GoffSTATE OF COLORADO )) S5COUNTY OF ARAPAHOE )OLIVER KENNETH GOFF, being first duly sworn upon his oath, deposesand says that he has the above and foregoing instrument and knows thecontents thereof, and that the same are true of his own knowledge exceptas to those matters stated on the information and belief as to those hebelieves them to be true.(SEAL)d and sworn to before me this 22rd day of June A.D., 1957.The above information was faxed to APFN on Aug. 6, 1993 from ULTRA LIFEFrom FAX: 618-594-7712. This FAX included the following page:FLUORIDE UPDATE. AUGUST 1993RECENT DISCLOSURES SHOW THE DANGER OF FLUORIDE AND THE SUPPRESSION OF DAMAGING INFORMATION FROM THE PUBLIC.FRIDAY MAY 15, 1992, WILLIAM MARCUS, Ph.D, CHIEF TOXICOLOGIST AND SENIOR ADVISOR AT THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, (EPA) WAS FIRED FOR HIS DISCLOSURES OF HIP FRACTURE, CARCINOGENIC, AND OTHER HEALTH AND LIFE THREATENING EFFECTS OF FLUORIDATION.JUNE 3, 1993, NEW JERSEY ASSEMBLYMAN JOHN V. KELLY, 242 WASHINGTON AVE. NUTLEY, NJ 07110, MADE A STATEMENT BEFORE THE STATE ASSEMBLY, PARTS OF WHICH ARE HEREIN QUOTED. "WEBSTER'S DICTIONARY DEFINES SODIUM FLUORIDE AS A COLORLESS CRYSTALLINE, WATER SOLUBLE, POISONOUS SOLID, USED CHIEFLY IN THE FLUORIDATION OF WATER, AS AN INSECTICIDE, AND AS A RODENTICIDE. THE NJ HEALTH DEPT RELEASED A STUDY LAST NOVEMBER SHOWING AREAS WITH FLUORIDATED WATER SUPPLIES IN NJ HAD FOUR TIMES MORE OSTEOSCAROMA, A RARE FORM OF BONE CANCER, THAN AREAS NON-FLUORIDATED.""THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS RECOMMENDED PRESCIPTION FLUORIDE SUPPLEMENTS FOR CHILDREN--FLUORIDE DROPS FOR NEW BORNS AND TABLETS FOR OLDER CHILDREN.""MY OFFICE CONTACTED AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY FOR STUDIES OF SAFETY AND EFFECTIVINESS OF THESE SUPLEMENTSTHEY WERE NOT IN POSSESSION, ADVISED THESE COULD BE OBTAINED FROM NATIONAL INSTITUTE OFDENTAL RESEARCH IN WASHINGTON, THEY DID NOT HAVE THEM AND ADVISED THESE STUDIES ARE IN DOMAIN OF U.S. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION." FDA HAS HAD NO DRUG APPLICATION, NO STUDIES SHOWING SAFETY OR EFFECTIVENESS OF FLUORIDE DROPS OR TABLETS, ACCORDING TO FRANK FAZZARI, CHIEF OF FDA DRUGCOMPLIANCE BRANCH, THESE ARE UNAPPROVED NEW DRUGS.!!!THESE POISONOUS DRUGS HAVE BEEN PRESCRIBED FOR OVER 30 YEARS TO MILLIONS OF CHILDREN. IT IS IRRESPONSIBLE TO PERMIT THESE PRODUCTS TO BE PRESCRIBED TO THE MOST VULNERABLE SEGMENT OF OUR POPULATION, OUR CHILDREN.THE UNION REPRESENTING EPA SCIENTISTS HAS BEEN VERY CRITICAL OF FLUORIDE, CHARGING THAT MANY STUDIES LINKING FLUORIDE TO A WIDE RANGE OF HEALTH PROBLEMS INCLUDING CANCER, HIP AND OTHER BONE FRACTURES, ARE SUPPRESSED. ASSEMBLYMAN KELLY THEN REQUSTED DR. D. KESSLER, COMMISSIONER,FDA IMMEDIATELY REMOVE THESE FROM THE MARKET, LETTER DATED JUNE 3, 1993. AT THIS DATE NOTHING HAS BEEN DONE TO STOP THIS NATIONWIDE POISONING.FOR MORE INFO CONTACT: FRANK FAZZARI AT FDA 301-295-8073 - DR. WM. MARCUS (301) 972-0707, DR. ROBT. CARTON, (301) 874-2948 OR (301) 619-2004, FORMER PRESIDENT EPA SCIENTIST UNION.COULD THERE BE A DEEPER, MORE SINISTER REASON FOR FORCING FLUORIDE ON THE PUBLIC? READ THE NOTORIZED STATEMENT FROM OLIVER KENNETH GOFF. YOU DECIDE IF FLUORIDATION IS ONE MAJOR REASON WHY WE ARE A NATION OF "SHEEPLE" AND "COUCH POTATOES".http://www.peg.apc.org/~nexus/fluoridebomb.html TOXIC SECRETSFluoride & the A-Bomb ProgramDuring the ultra-secret Manhattan Project, a report was commissioned toassess the effect of fluoride on humans.That report was classified "secret" for reasons of "national security".---------Extracted from Nexus Magazine, Volume 5, #3 (April-May 1998).PO Box 30, Mapleton Qld 4560 Australia. nexus Telephone: +61 (0)7 5442 9280; Fax: +61 (0)7 5442 9381From our web page at: http://www.peg.apc.org/~nexus/_ Joel Griffiths and Chris Bryson 19974 West 104th StreetNew York, NY 10025, USA---------Some 50 years after United States authorities began adding fluoride topublic water supplies to reduce cavities in children's teeth, recentlydiscovered declassified government documents are shedding new light on theroots of that still-controversial public health measure, revealing asurprising connection between the use of fluoride and the dawning of thenuclear age.Today, two-thirds of US public drinking water is fluoridated. Manymunicipalities still resist the practice, disbelieving the government'sassurances of safety.Since the days of World War II when the US prevailed by building theworld's first atomic bomb, the nation's public health leaders havemaintained that low doses of fluoride are safe for people and good forchildren's teeth.That safety verdict should now be re-examined in the light of hundreds ofonce-secret WWII-era documents obtained by these reporters [authorsGriffiths and Bryson], including declassified papers of the ManhattanProject-the ultra-secret US military program that produced the atomic bomb.Fluoride was the key chemical in atomic bomb production, according to thedocuments. Massive quantities-millions of tons-were essential for themanufacture of bomb-grade uranium and plutonium for nuclear weaponsthroughout the Cold War. One of the most toxic chemicals known, fluorideemerged as the leading chemical health hazard of the US atomic bombprogram, both for workers and for nearby communities, the documents reveal.Other revelations include:Ñ Much of the original proof that fluoride is safe for humans in low doseswas generated by A-bomb program scientists who had been secretly ordered toprovide "evidence useful in litigation" against defence contractors forfluoride injury to citizens. The first lawsuits against the American A-bombprogram were not over radiation, but over fluoride damage, the documentsshow.Ñ Human studies were required. Bomb program researchers played a leadingrole in the design and implementation of the most extensive US study of thehealth effects of fluoridating public drinking water, conducted inNewburgh, New York, from 1945 to 1955. Then, in a classified operationcode-named "Program F", they secretly gathered and analysed blood andtissue samples from Newburgh citizens with the cooperation of New YorkState Health Department personnel.Ñ The original, secret version (obtained by these reporters) of a studypublished by Program F scientists in the August 1948 Journal of theAmerican Dental Association1 shows that evidence of adverse health effectsfrom fluoride was censored by the US Atomic Energy Commission(AEC)-considered the most powerful of Cold War agencies-for reasons of"national security".Ñ The bomb program's fluoride safety studies were conducted at theUniversity of Rochester-site of one of the most notorious human radiationexperiments of the Cold War, in which unsuspecting hospital patients wereinjected with toxic doses of radioactive plutonium. The fluoride studieswere conducted with the same ethical mindset, in which "national security"was paramount.EVIDENCE OF FLUORIDE'S ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTSThe US Government's conflict of interest and its motive to prove fluoridesafe in the furious debate over water fluoridation since the 1950s has onlynow been made clear to the general public, let alone to civilianresearchers, health professionals and journalists. The declassifieddocuments resonate with a growing body of scientific evidence and a chorusof questions about the health effects of fluoride in the environment.Human exposure to fluoride has mushroomed since World War II, due not onlyto fluoridated water and toothpaste but to environmental pollution by majorindustries, from aluminium to pesticides, where fluoride is a criticalindustrial chemical as well as a waste by-product.The impact can be seen literally in the smiles of our children. Largenumbers (up to 80 per cent in some cities) of young Americans now havedental fluorosis, the first visible sign of excessive fluoride exposureaccording to the US National Research Council. (The signs are whitishflecks or spots, particularly on the front teeth, or dark spots or stripesin more severe cases.)Less known to the public is that fluoride also accumulates in bones. "Theteeth are windows to what's happening in the bones," explained PaulConnett, Professor of Chemistry at St Lawrence University, New York, tothese reporters. In recent years, paediatric bone specialists haveexpressed alarm about an increase in stress fractures among young people inthe US. Connett and other scientists are concerned that fluoride-linked tobone damage in studies since the 1930s-may be a contributing factor.The declassified documents add urgency: much of the original 'proof ' thatlow-dose fluoride is safe for children's bones came from US bomb programscientists, according to this investigation.Now, researchers who have reviewed these declassified documents fear thatCold War national security considerations may have prevented objectivescientific evaluation of vital public health questions concerning fluoride."Information was buried," concludes Dr Phyllis Mullenix, former head oftoxicology at Forsyth Dental Center in Boston and now a critic offluoridation. Animal studies which Mullenix and co-workers conducted atForsyth in the early 1990s indicated that fluoride was a powerful centralnervous system (CNS) toxin and might adversely affect human brainfunctioning even at low doses. (New epidemiological evidence from Chinaadds support, showing a correlation between low-dose fluoride exposure anddiminished IQ in children.) Mullenix's results were published in 1995 in areputable peer-reviewed scientific journal.2During her investigation, Mullenix was astonished to discover there hadbeen virtually no previous US studies of fluoride's effects on the humanbrain. Then, her application for a grant to continue her CNS research wasturned down by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), when an NIHpanel flatly told her that "fluoride does not have central nervous systemeffects".Declassified documents of the US atomic bomb program indicate otherwise. AManhattan Project memorandum of 29 April 1944 states: "Clinical evidencesuggests that uranium hexafluoride may have a rather marked central nervoussystem effect... It seems most likely that the F [code for fluoride]component rather than the T [code for uranium] is the causative factor."The memo, from a captain in the medical corps, is stamped SECRET and isaddressed to Colonel Stafford Warren, head of the Manhattan Project'sMedical Section. Colonel Warren is asked to approve a program of animalresearch on CNS effects. "Since work with these compounds is essential, itwill be necessary to know in advance what mental effects may occur afterexposure... This is important not only to protect a given individual, butalso to prevent a confused workman from injuring others by improperlyperforming his duties."On the same day, Colonel Warren approved the CNS research program. This wasin 1944, at the height of World War II and the US nation's race to buildthe world's first atomic bomb.For research on fluoride's CNS effects to be approved at such a momentoustime, the supporting evidence set forth in the proposal forwarded alongwith the memo must have been persuasive. The proposal, however, is missingfrom the files at the US National Archives. "If you find the memos but thedocument they refer to is missing, it's probably still classified," saidCharles Reeves, chief librarian at the Atlanta branch of the US NationalArchives and Records Administration where the memos were found. Similarly,no results of the Manhattan Project's fluoride CNS research could be foundin the files.After reviewing the memos, Mullenix declared herself "flabbergasted". "Howcould I be told by NIH that fluoride has no central nervous system effects,when these documents were sitting there all the time?" She reasons that theManhattan Project did do fluoride CNS studies: "That kind of warning, thatfluoride workers might be a danger to the bomb program by improperlyperforming their duties-I can't imagine that would be ignored." But shesuggests that the results were buried because of the difficult legal andpublic relations problems they might create for the government.The author of the 1944 CNS research proposal attached to the 29 April memowas Dr Harold C. Hodge-at the time, chief of fluoride toxicology studiesfor the University of Rochester division of the Manhattan Project.Nearly 50 years later at the Forsyth Dental Center in Boston, Dr Mullenixwas introduced to a gently ambling elderly man, brought in to serve as aconsultant on her CNS research. This man was Harold C. Hodge. By then,Hodge had achieved status emeritus as a world authority on fluoride safety."But even though he was supposed to be helping me," said Mullenix, "henever once mentioned the CNS work he had done for the Manhattan Project."The "black hole" in fluoride CNS research since the days of the ManhattanProject is unacceptable to Mullenix who refuses to abandon the issue."There is so much fluoride exposure now, and we simply do not know what itis doing. You can't just walk away from this."Dr Antonio Noronha, an NIH scientific review advisor familiar with DrMullenix's grant request, told us that her proposal was rejected by ascientific peer-review group. He termed her claim of institutional biasagainst fluoride CNS research "far-fetched". He then added: "We strive veryhard at NIH to make sure politics does not enter the picture." \THE NEW JERSEY FLUORIDE POLLUTION INCIDENTThe documentary trail begins at the height of World War II, in 1944, when asevere pollution incident occurred downwind of the E.I. DuPont de NemoursCompany chemical factory in Deepwater, New Jersey. The factory was thenproducing millions of pounds of fluoride for the Manhattan Project whosescientists were racing to produce the world's first atomic bomb.The farms downwind in Gloucester and Salem counties were famous for theirhigh-quality produce. Their peaches went directly to the Waldorf AstoriaHotel in New York City; their tomatoes were bought up by Campbell's Soup.But in the summer of 1944 the farmers began reporting that their crops wereblighted: "Something is burning up the peach crops around here." They saidthat poultry died after an all-night thunderstorm, and that farm workerswho ate produce they'd picked would sometimes vomit all night and into thenext day."I remember our horses looked sick and were too stiff to work," MildredGiordano, a teenager at the time, told these reporters. Some cows were socrippled that they could not stand up; they could only graze by crawling ontheir bellies.The account was confirmed in taped interviews with Philip Sadtler (shortlybefore he died), of Sadtler Laboratories of Philadelphia, one of thenation's oldest chemical consulting firms. Sadtler had personally conductedthe initial investigation of the damage.Although the farmers did not know it, the attention of the ManhattanProject and the federal government was rivetted on the New Jersey incident,according to once-secret documents obtained by these reporters.A memo, dated 27 August 1945, from Manhattan Project chief Major-GeneralLeslie R. Groves to the Commanding General of Army Service Forces at thePentagon, concerns the investigation of crop damage at Lower Penns Neck,New Jersey. It states: "At the request of the Secretary of War, theDepartment of Agriculture has agreed to cooperate in investigatingcomplaints of crop damage attributed...to fumes from a plant operated inconnection with the Manhattan Project."After the war's end, Dr Harold C. Hodge, the Manhattan Project's chief offluoride toxicology studies, worriedly wrote in a secret memo (1 March1946) to his boss, Colonel Stafford L. Warren, chief of the MedicalSection, about "problems associated with the question of fluoridecontamination of the atmosphere in a certain section of New Jersey"."There seem to be four distinct (though related) problems:"1. A question of injury of the peach crop in 1944."2. A report of extraordinary fluoride content of vegetables grown in thisarea."3. A report of abnormally high fluoride content in the blood of humanindividuals residing in this area."4. A report raising the question of serious poisoning of horses and cattlein this area."FLUORIDE DAMAGE: THE FIRST LAWSUITSThe New Jersey farmers waited until the war was over before suing DuPontand the Manhattan Project for fluoride damage-reportedly the first lawsuitsagainst the US atomic bomb program. Although seemingly trivial, thelawsuits shook the government, the secret documents reveal.Under the personal direction of Major-General Groves, secret meetings wereconvened in Washington, with compulsory attendance by scores of scientistsand officials from the US War Department, the Manhattan Project, the Foodand Drug Administration, the Agriculture and Justice departments, the USArmy's Chemical Warfare Service and Edgewood Arsenal, the Bureau ofStandards, as well as lawyers from DuPont. Declassified memos of themeetings reveal a secret mobilisation of the full forces of the governmentto defeat the New Jersey farmers.In a memo (2 May 1946) copied to General Groves, Manhattan Project LtColonel Cooper B. Rhodes notes that these agencies "are making scientificinvestigations to obtain evidence which may be used to protect the interestof the Government at the trial of the suits brought by owners of peachorchards in...New Jersey".Regarding these lawsuits, General Groves wrote to the Chairman of theSenate Special Committee on Atomic Energy in a memo of 28 February 1946,advising that "the Department of Justice is cooperating in the defense ofthese suits".Why the national security emergency over a few lawsuits by New Jerseyfarmers? In 1946 the United States began full-scale production of atomicbombs. No other nation had yet tested a nuclear weapon, and the A-bomb wasseen as crucial for US leadership of the postwar world. The New Jerseyfluoride lawsuits were a serious roadblock to that strategy. "The specterof endless lawsuits haunted the military," wrote Lansing Lamont in Day ofTrinity, his acclaimed book about the first atomic bomb test.3"If the farmers won, it would open the door to further suits which mightimpede the bomb program's ability to use fluoride," commented JacquelineKittrell, a Tennessee public interest lawyer who examined the declassifiedfluoride documents. (Kittrell specialises in nuclear-related litigation andhas represented plaintiffs in several human radiation experiment cases.)"The reports of human injury were especially threatening because of thepotential for enormous settlements-not to mention the PR problem," sheadded.Indeed, DuPont was particularly concerned about the "possible psychologicreaction" to the New Jersey pollution incident, according to a secretManhattan Project memo of 1 March 1946. Facing a threat from the Food andDrug Administration (FDA) to embargo the region's produce because of "highfluoride content", DuPont dispatched its lawyers to the FDA offices inWashington, DC, where an agitated meeting ensued. According to a memo sentnext day to General Groves, DuPont's lawyer argued that "in view of thepending suits...any action by the Food and Drug Administration...would havea serious effect on the DuPont Company and would create a bad publicrelations situation". After the meeting adjourned, Manhattan ProjectCaptain John Davies approached the FDA's Food Division chief and "impressedupon Dr White the substantial interest which the Government had in claimswhich might arise as a result of action which might be taken by the Foodand Drug Administration".There was no embargo. Instead, according to General Groves' memo of 27August 1946, new tests for fluoride in the New Jersey area were to beconducted not by the Department of Agriculture but by the US Army'sChemical Warfare Service (CWS)-because "work done by the Chemical WarfareService would carry the greatest weight as evidence if...lawsuits arestarted by the complainants".Meanwhile, the public relations problem remained unresolved: local citizenswere in a panic about fluoride. The farmers' spokesman, Willard B. Kille,was personally invited to dine with General Groves (then known as "the manwho built the atomic bomb") at his office at the War Department on 26 March1946. Although diagnosed by his doctor as having fluoride poisoning, Killedeparted the luncheon convinced of the government's good faith. Next day hewrote to the general, expressing his wish that the other farmers could havebeen present so that "they too could come away with the feeling that theirinterests in this particular matter were being safeguarded by men of thevery highest type whose integrity they could not question".A broader solution to the public relations problem was suggested byManhattan Project chief fluoride toxicologist Harold C. Hodge in a secondsecret memo (1 May 1946) to Medical Section chief Colonel Warren: "Wouldthere be any use in making attempts to counteract the local fear offluoride on the part of residents of Salem and Gloucester counties throughlectures on F toxicology and perhaps the usefulness of F in tooth health?"Such lectures were indeed given, not only to New Jersey citizens but to therest of the nation throughout the Cold War.The New Jersey farmers' lawsuits were ultimately stymied by thegovernment's refusal to reveal the key piece of information that would havesettled the case: how much fluoride DuPont had vented into the atmosphereduring the war. "Disclosure would be injurious to the military security ofthe United States," Manhattan Project Major C. A. Taney, Jr, had written ina memo soon after the war's end (24 September 1945).The farmers were pacified with token financial settlements, according tointerviews with descendants still living in the area."All we knew is that DuPont released some chemical that burned up all thepeach trees around here," recalled Angelo Giordano whose father James wasone of the original plaintiffs. "The trees were no good after that, so wehad to give up on the peaches." Their horses and cows acted and walkedstiffly, recalled his sister Mildred. "Could any of that have been thefluoride?" she asked. (The symptoms she detailed are cardinal signs offluoride toxicity, according to veterinary toxicologists.) The Giordanofamily has also been plagued by bone and joint problems, Mildred added.Recalling the settlement received by the family, Angelo Giordano told thesereporters that his father said he "got about $200".The farmers were stonewalled in their search for information aboutfluoride's effects on their health, and their complaints have long sincebeen forgotten. But they unknowingly left their imprint on history: theircomplaints of injury to their health reverberated through the corridors ofpower in Washington and triggered intensive, secret, bomb program researchon the health effects of fluoride."PROGRAM F": SECRET FLUORIDE RESEARCHA secret memo (2 May 1946) to General Groves from Manhattan Project LtColonel Rhodes states: "Because of complaints that animals and humans havebeen injured by hydrogen fluoride fumes in [the New Jersey] area, althoughthere are no pending suits involving such claims, the University ofRochester is conducting experiments to determine the toxic effect offluoride."Much of the proof of fluoride's alleged safety in low doses rests on thepostwar work done at the University of Rochester in anticipation oflawsuits against the bomb program for human injury.For the top-secret Manhattan Project to delegate fluoride safety studies tothe University of Rochester was not surprising. During WWII the US FederalGovernment became involved for the first time in large-scale funding ofscientific research at government-owned labs and private colleges. Thoseearly spending priorities were shaped by the nation's often-secret militaryneeds.The prestigious upstate New York college in particular had housed a keywartime division of the Manhattan Project to study the health effects ofthe new "special materials" such as uranium, plutonium, beryllium andfluoride which were being used in making the atomic bomb. That workcontinued after the war, with millions of dollars flowing from theManhattan Project and its successor organisation, the Atomic EnergyCommission (AEC). (Indeed, the bomb left an indelible imprint on all of USscience in the late 1940s and 1950s. Up to 90 per cent of all federal fundsfor university research came from either the Department of Defense or theAEC in this period, according to Noam Chomsky in his 1997 book, The ColdWar and the University.4)The University of Rochester Medical School became a revolving door forsenior bomb-program scientists. The postwar faculty included StaffordWarren, the top medical officer of the Manhattan Project, and Harold C.Hodge, chief of fluoride research for the bomb program.But this marriage of military secrecy and medical science bore deformedoffspring. The University of Rochester's classified fluoride studies,code-named "Program F", were started during the war and continued up untilthe early 1950s. They were conducted at its Atomic Energy Project (AEP), atop-secret facility funded by the AEC and housed at Strong MemorialHospital. It was there that one of the most notorious human radiationexperiments of the Cold War took place, in which unsuspecting hospitalpatients were injected with toxic doses of radioactive plutonium.Revelation of this experiment-in a Pulitzer Prize & endash;winning account by Welsome-led to a 1995 US presidential investigation and amultimillion-dollar cash settlement for victims.Program F was not about children's teeth. It grew directly out oflitigation against the bomb program, and its main purpose was to furnishscientific ammunition which the government and its nuclear contractorscould use to defeat lawsuits for human injury. Program F's director wasnone other than Dr Harold C. Hodge- who led the Manhattan Projectinvestigation of alleged human injury in the New Jersey fluoride pollutionincident.Program F's purpose is spelled out in a classified 1948 report. It reads:"To supply evidence useful in the litigation arising from an alleged lossof a fruit crop several years ago, a number of problems have been opened.Since excessive blood-fluoride levels were reported in human residents ofthe same area, our principal effort has been devoted to describing therelationship of blood fluorides to toxic effects."The litigation referred to and the claims of human injury were of courseagainst the bomb program and its contractors. Thus the purpose of Program Fwas to obtain evidence useful in litigation against the bomb program. Theresearch was being conducted by the defendants.The potential conflict of interest is clear. If lower dose ranges werefound hazardous by Program F, this might have opened the bomb program andits contractors to public outcry and lawsuits for injury to human health.Lawyer Jacqueline Kittrell commented further: "This and other documentsindicate that the University of Rochester's fluoride research grew out ofthe New Jersey lawsuits and was performed in anticipation of lawsuitsagainst the bomb program for human injury. Studies undertaken forlitigation purposes by the defendants would not be consideredscientifically acceptable today because of their inherent bias to prove thechemical safe."Unfortunately, much of the proof of fluoride's safety rests on the workperformed by Program F scientists at the University of Rochester. Duringthe postwar period, that university emerged as the leading academic centrefor establishing the safety of fluoride as well as its effectiveness inreducing tooth decay, according to Rochester Dental School spokespersonWilliam H. Bowen, MD. The key figure in this research, Bowen said, was DrHarold C. Hodge-who also became a leading national proponent offluoridating public drinking water.THE A-BOMB AND WATER FLUORIDATIONProgram F's interest in water fluoridation was not just "to counteract thelocal fear of fluoride on the part of residents", as Hodge had earlierwritten to Colonel Warren. The bomb program required human studies offluoride's effects, just as it needed human studies of plutonium's effects.Adding fluoride to public water supplies provided one opportunity.Bomb-program scientists played a prominent, if unpublicised, role in thenation's first-planned water fluoridation experiment in Newburgh, New York.The Newburgh Demonstration Project is considered the most extensive studyof the health effects of fluoridation, supplying much of the evidence thatlow doses are allegedly safe for children's bones and good for their teeth.Planning began in 1943 with the appointment of a special New York StateHealth Department committee to study the advisability of adding fluoride toNewburgh's drinking water. The chairman of the committee was, again, DrHarold C. Hodge, then chief of fluoride toxicity studies for the ManhattanProject. Subsequent members of the committee included Henry L. Barnett, acaptain in the Project's Medical Section, and John W. Fertig, in 1944 withthe Office of Scientific Research and Development-the super-secret Pentagongroup which sired the Manhattan Project. Their military affiliations werekept secret. Hodge was described as a pharmacologist, Barnett as apaediatrician. Placed in charge of the Newburgh project was David B. Ast,chief dental officer of the New York State Health Department. Ast hadparticipated in a key secret wartime conference on fluoride, held by theManhattan Project in January 1944, and later worked with Dr Hodge on theProject's investigation of human injury in the New Jersey incident,according to once-secret memos.The committee recommended that Newburgh be fluoridated. It selected thetypes of medical studies to be done, and it also "provided expert guidance"for the duration of the experiment.The key question to be answered was: "Are there any cumulative effects,beneficial or otherwise, on tissues and organs other than the teeth, oflong-continued ingestion of such small concentrations?" According to thedeclassified documents, this was also key information sought by the bombprogram. In fact, the program would require "long-continued" exposure ofworkers and communities to fluoride throughout the Cold War.In May 1945, Newburgh's water was fluoridated, and over the next 10 yearsits residents were studied by the New York State Health Department.In tandem, Program F conducted its own secret studies, focusing on theamounts of fluoride Newburgh citizens retained in their blood andtissues-information called for by the bomb program in connection withlitigation. "Possible toxic effects of fluoride were in the forefront ofconsideration," the advisory committee stated. Health department personnelcooperated, shipping blood and placenta samples to the Program F team atthe University of Rochester. The samples were collected by Dr David B.Overton, the department's chief of paediatric studies at Newburgh.The final report of the Newburgh Demonstration Project, published in 1956in the Journal of the American Dental Association,5 concluded that "smallconcentrations" of fluoride were safe for US citizens. The biologicalproof, "based on work performed...at the University of Rochester AtomicEnergy Project", was delivered by Dr Hodge.Today, news that scientists from the A-bomb program secretly shaped andguided the Newburgh fluoridation experiment and studied the citizens' bloodand tissue samples is greeted with incredulity."I'm shocked...beyond words," said present-day Newburgh Mayor Audrey Carey,commenting on these reporters' findings. "It reminds me of the Tuskegeeexperiment that was done on syphilis patients down in Alabama."As a child in the early 1950s, Mayor Carey was taken to the old Newburghfirehouse on Broadway which housed the public health clinic. There, doctorsfrom the Newburgh fluoridation project studied her teeth, and a peculiarfusion of two fingerbones on her left hand which she's had since birth.(Carey said that her granddaughter has white dental-fluorosis marks on herfront teeth.)Mayor Carey wants answers from the government about the secret history offluoride and the Newburgh fluoridation experiment. "I absolutely want topursue it," she said. "It is appalling to do any kind of experimentationand study without people's knowledge and permission."When contacted by these reporters, the now 95-year-old David B. Ast, formerdirector of the Newburgh experiment, said he was unaware that ManhattanProject scientists were involved. "If I had known, I would have beencertainly investigating why, and what the connection was," he said. Did heknow that blood and placenta samples from Newburgh were being sent tobomb-program researchers at the University of Rochester? "I was not awareof it," Ast replied. Did he recall participating in the Manhattan Project'ssecret wartime conference on fluoride in January 1944, or going to NewJersey with Dr Hodge to investigate human injury in the DuPont case, assecret memos state? He told these reporters he had no recollection of anysuch events.Bob Loeb, a spokesperson for the University of Rochester Medical Center,confirmed that blood and tissue samples from Newburgh had been tested bythe University's Dr Hodge. On the ethics of secretly studying US citizensto obtain information useful in litigation against the A-bomb program, hesaid: "That's a question we cannot answer." He referred inquiries to the USDepartment of Energy (DOE), successor to the Atomic Energy Commission.Jayne Brady, a spokesperson for the Department of Energy in Washingtonconfirmed that a review of DOE files indicated that a "significant reason"for fluoride experiments conducted at the University of Rochester after thewar was "impending litigation between the DuPont company and residents ofNew Jersey areas". However, she added: "DOE has found no documents toindicate that fluoride research was done to protect the Manhattan Projector its contractors from lawsuits."On Manhattan Project involvement in Newburgh, Brady stated: "Nothing thatwe have suggests that the DOE or predecessor agencies-especially theManhattan Project-authorised fluoride experiments to be performed onchildren in the 1940s."When told that these reporters have several documents that directly tie theAEP-the Manhattan Project's successor agency at the University ofRochester-to the Newburgh experiment, DOE spokesperson Brady later concededher study was confined to "the available universe" of documents.Two days later, Brady faxed a statement for clarification. "My search onlyinvolved the documents that we collected as part of our human radiationexperiments project; fluoride was not part of our research effort.""Most significantly," the statement continued, "relevant documents may bein a classified collection at the DOE Oak Ridge National Laboratory, knownas the Records Holding Task Group. This collection consists entirely ofclassified documents removed from other files for the purpose of classifieddocument accountability many years ago [and was] a rich source of documentsfor the human radiation experiments projects."SUPPRESSION OF ADVERSE HEALTH FINDINGSThe crucial question arising from the investigation is whether adversehealth findings from Newburgh and other bomb-program fluoride studies weresuppressed. All AEC-funded studies had to be declassified beforepublication in civilian medical and dental journals. Where are the originalclassified versions?The transcript of one of the major secret scientific conferences of WorldWar II-on "fluoride metabolism"-is missing from the files of the USNational Archives and is "probably still classified", according to thelibrarian. Participants in the January 1944 conference included key figureswho promoted the safety of fluoride and water fluoridation to the publicafter the war: Harold Hodge of the Manhattan Project, David B. Ast of theNewburgh Demonstration Project, and US Public Health Service dentist H.Trendley Dean, popularly known as "the father of fluoridation".A WWII Manhattan Project c lassified report (25 July 1944) on waterfluoridation is missing from the files of the University of RochesterAtomic Energy Project, the US National Archives, and the Nuclear Repositoryat the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. The next four numericallyconsecutive documents are also missing, while the remainder of the "M-1500series" is present."Either those documents are still classified, or they've been 'disappeared'by the government," said Clifford Honicker, Executive Director of theAmerican Environmental Health Studies Project in Knoxville, Tennessee,which provided key evidence in the public exposure and prosecution of UShuman radiation experiments.Seven pages have been cut out of a 1947 Rochester bomb project notebookentitled "DuPont Litigation". "Most unusual," commented the medicalschool's chief archivist, Chris Hoolihan.Similarly, Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests lodged by thesereporters over a year ago with the DOE for hundreds of classified fluoridereports have failed to dislodge any. "We're behind," explained AmyRothrock, chief FOIA officer at Oak Ridge National Laboratories.So, has information been suppressed? These reporters made what appears tobe the first discovery of the original classified version of a fluoridesafety study by bomb program scientists. A censored version of this studywas later published in the August 1948 Journal of the American DentalAssociation.6 Comparison of the secret version with the published versionindicates that the US AEC did censor damaging information on fluoride-tothe point of tragicomedy. This was a study of the dental and physicalhealth of workers in a factory producing fluoride for the A-bomb program;it was conducted by a team of dentists from the Manhattan Project.Ñ The secret version reports that most of the men had no teeth left. Thepublished version reports only that the men had fewer cavities.Ñ The secret version says the men had to wear rubber boots because thefluoride fumes disintegrated the nails in their shoes. The publishedversion does not mention this.Ñ The secret version says the fluoride may have acted similarly on themen's teeth, contributing to their toothlessness. The published versionomits this statement and concludes that "the men were unusually healthy,judged from both a medical and dental point of view".After comparing the secret and published versions of the censored study,toxicologist Phyllis Mullenix commented: "This makes me ashamed to be ascientist." Of other Cold War & endash;era fluoride safety studies, sheasked: "Were they all done like this?"Asked for comment on the early links of the Manhattan Project to waterfluoridation, Dr Harold Slavkin, Director of the National Institute forDental Research-the US agency which today funds fluoride research-said: "Iwasn't aware of any input from the Atomic Energy Commission." Nevertheless,he insisted that fluoride's efficacy and safety in the prevention of dentalcavities over the last 50 years is well proved. "The motivation of ascientist is often different from the outcome," he reflected. "I do nothold a prejudice about where the knowledge comes from."Endnotes:1. Dale, Peter P., and McCauley, H. B, "Dental Conditions in WorkersChronically Exposed to Dilute and Anhydrous Hydrofluoric Acid", Journal ofthe American Dental Association, vol. 37, no. 2, August 1948, pp. 131-140.Note that Dale and McCauley were both Manhattan Project and, later, ProgramF personnel; they also authored the secret Manhattan Project paper.2. Mullenix, Phyllis et al., "Neurotoxicity of Sodium Fluoride in Rats",Neurotoxicology and Teratology, vol. 17, no. 2, 1995, pp. 169-177.3. Lamont, Lansing, Day of Trinity, Atheneum, New York City, 1965.4. Chomsky, Noam, The Cold War and the University, New Press, New YorkCity, 1997 (distributed by W.W. Norton & Co. Inc., NYC).5. Hodge, H. C., "Fluoride metabolism: its significance in waterfluoridation", in "Newburgh-Kingston caries-fluorine study: final report",Journal of the American Dental Association, vol. 52, March 1956.6. Dale and McCauley, ibid.About the Authors:Joel Griffiths is a medical writer based in New York City. He is the authorof a book on radiation hazards that included one of the first revelationsof human radiation experiments, and has contributed numerous articles tomedical journals and popular publications.Chris Bryson, who holds a Master's degree in journalism, is an independentreporter for BBC Radio, ABC-TV and public television in New York City, andwrites for a variety of publications.The authors wish to thank Clifford Honicker, Executive Director of theAmerican Environmental Health Studies Project, Knoxville, TN, for hisindispensable archival research.Resources:Copies of 155 pages of supporting documents, including all the declassifiedpapers referred to in this article, can be obtained from the followingcontacts for a small fee to cover copying and postage:Ñ Australia: Australian Fluoridation News, GPO Box 935G, Melbourne,Victoria 3001, phone (03) 9592 5088, fax (03) 9592 4544.Ñ New Zealand: New Zealand Pure Water Association, 278 Dickson Road,Papamoa, Bay of Plenty, phone (07) 542 0499.Ñ UK: National Pure Water Association of the UK, 12 Dennington Lane,Crigglestone, Wakefield, WF4 3ET, phone 01924 254433, fax 01924 242380.Ñ USA: Waste Not newsletter, 82 Judson Street, Canton, NY 13617, phone(315) 379 9200, fax (315) 379 0448, e-mail wastenot .Forward via apfn FLUORIDE: A PROTECTED POLLUTANTSince 1937, the foreign medical literature has contained hundreds ofarticles on the wide variety of troubles that can be caused by fluorine.The same is true of the veterinary literature in this country.But none of this appears in our medical literature. The things thatfluorine can do to people are seen every day everywhere. The troubleis to know which cases are actually caused by fluorine.http://www.cadvision.com/fluoride/exner.htm Fluoridation: The Overdosing of America - Fact or Fiction?http://www.icnr.com/FluoridePres/Slide1.html THE Water FAQhttp://www.siouxlan.com:80/water/faq.html American Dental Association. Fluoridation Facts. ChicagoFLUORIDE TOXICITYThere are many reported cases of fluorosis, a mottling (dark brown/graystaining and spotting of teeth) and crumbling of teeth due to too muchflouride placed in municipal water supplies. A warning to parents of smallchildren: if children eat large globs of toothpaste while brushing theirteeth, stop the habit immediately, and place small amounts of toothpasteon a child's toothbrush. Teach the child not to swallow the toothpaste.http://www.its.ilstu.edu/fcs106/fluoride.htm Fluorides and Fluoridationhttp://www.ada.org/consumer/fluoride/articles/fa-05.html TIME-RELEASED FLUORIDE FOR OSTEOPOROSIS Report #6190 5/3/94http://www.wdn.com/mirkin/6190.html EPA - HYDROGEN FLUORIDE (AND RELATED COMPOUNDS) (1) 7664-39-3Chronic (long-term) exposure to fluoride at low levels has a beneficialeffect of dental cavity prevention and may also be useful for the treatmentof osteoporosis. Exposure to higher levels of fluoride through drinkingwater may cause dental fluorosis or mottling, while very high exposuresthrough drinking water or air can result in skeletal fluorosis.http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/hlthef/hydrogen.html Fluoride the Aging FactorPrice information not available. You can still order this item, and wewill request approval of the price via e-mail prior to shipment.Paperback 2nd edition (June 1986) Health Action Pr; ISBN: 0913571008http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0913571008/o/qid=902214011/sr=2-3/002-9761417-6701215[MC] About Scientific Information!Mon, 3 Aug 1998 23:32:07 -0700"Stephen A. Tueting" whimpy.com Unbelievably fabulous expose on the history and technologies involved.The ability to transmit from one brain to another is there. See themedical journal Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 1996,Suppl. 45. "Continuous Wave-Form Analysis". It's another piece ofdeciphering the brains EEG and translating to a different persons EEGand then writing it to that brain.This is a brilliant piece of literature and extremely accurate.apfn Email list send Subscribe or UN in Subject line:http://www.apfn.org/apfn/apfncont.htm http://www.freeyellow.com/members5/apfn/ **COPYRIGHT NOTICE** In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, anycopyrighted work in this message is distributed under fair use withoutprofit or payment to those who have expressed a prior interest inreceiving the included information for non-profit research andeducational purposes only.http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.shtml

 

 

 

AMERICA: OVERDOSED ON FLUORIDEhttp://www.zerowasteamerica.org/Fluoride.htm

TOP FLUORIDE EXPERT APOLOGIZES FOR PUSHING POISONhttp://www.apfn.org/apfn/fluoride_expert.htm

Fluoridation / FluorideToxic Chemicals In Your WaterFluoride compounds which are put in water (fluoridation), toothpaste and supplement tablets (including some vitamins) were never tested for safety before approval. http://www.holisticmed.com/fluoride/

50 Reasons to Oppose Fluoridationhttp://www.fluoridealert.org/50-reasons.htm

Don't Swallow Your Toothpastehttp://www.fluoridealert.org/DSYT.htm

Focus: Fluoridehttp://www.hearstnp.com/san_antonio/bea/news/stories/san/storypage.cfm?xlc=115955 & xla=saen

Shocking News About Fluoridehttp://www.apfn.org/apfn/flouride.htm

Fluoride - The Lunatic Drughttp://www.apfn.org/apfn/water.htm

STOP FLUORIODEATIONhttp://rvi.net/~fluoride/index.htm

Fluoridation status of some countrieshttp://www.fluoridation.com/c-country.htm

FLUORIDE WEB SITEShttp://www.npwa.freeserve.co.uk/links.html

Fluoride is a corrosive poisonhttp://www.apfn.org/apfn/poison.htm

FIGHT FLUORIDE!http://www.fightfluoride.com/main.html

Population Controlhttp://www.apfn.org/apfn/population.htm

WATERhttp://www.apfn.org/pdf/water.pdf

 

 

FLUORIDE REALITYFluoride ingestion has very little to do with dental health, it does have a lot to do with disposing of industrial waste and making people docile and subservient, it also has a lot to do with MONEY. Clearly, the dental profession would not and HAS not put itself out of business.http://www.webaxs.net/~noel/fluoride.htm

Respected Medical Professionals and Scientists are warning that water fluoridationhas dangerous long-term consequences to health.http://www.nofluoride.com/

 

 

TOXIC SECRETSFluoride & the A-Bomb ProgramDuring the ultra-secret Manhattan Project, a report was commissioned to assess the effect of fluoride on humans. That report was classified "secret" for reasons of "national security".http://www.nexusmagazine.com//fluoridebomb.html

Fluoride: An Invisible Killerhttp://www.just-think-it.com/no-f.htm

Fluoride Toxicityhttp://www.health-science.com/fluoride_toxicity.htm

"FLUORIDE DANGERS TO THE THYROID" http://www.thyroid.about.com/health/thyroid/library/weekly/aa020700b.htm

How Fluoride Kills Human Cells http://www.mercola.com/2000/sept/24/fluoride_kills_cells.htm

Join The Nationwide Call forCongressional Hearings on Fluoridation2001http://www.citizens.org/Food_Water_Safety/Fluoridation/fluoride.htm

 

 

 

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