A History of Secret Human Experimentation

[Guest guest]

 

Mark A. Smith <msmith01

 

Monday, 6 September 2004 8:07

[prj] A History of Secret Human Experimentation

 

 

 

 

Source:

HEALTH NEWS NETWORK

http://tinyurl.com/5enus

 

A History of Secret Human Experimentation

http://tinyurl.com/498x3

 

1931 Dr. Cornelius Rhoads, under the auspices of the Rockefeller

Institute for Medical Investigations, infects human subjects with cancer

cells. He later goes on to establish the U.S. Army Biological Warfare

facilities in Maryland, Utah, and Panama, and is named to the U.S.

Atomic Energy Commission. While there, he begins a series of radiation

exposure experiments on American soldiers and civilian hospital

patients.

 

1932 The Tuskegee Syphilis Study begins. 200 black men diagnosed with

syphilis are never told of their illness, are denied treatment, and

instead are used as human guinea pigs in order to follow the progression

and symptoms of the disease. They all subsequently die from syphilis,

their families never told that they could have been treated.

 

1935 The Pellagra Incident. After millions of individuals die from

Pellagra over a span of two decades, the U.S. Public Health Service

finally acts to stem the disease. The director of the agency admits it

had known for at least 20 years that Pellagra is caused by a niacin

deficiency but failed to act since most of the deaths occured within

poverty-striken black populations.

 

1940 Four hundred prisoners in Chicago are infected with Malaria in

order to study the effects of new and experimental drugs to combat the

disease. Nazi doctors later on trial at Nuremberg cite this American

study to defend their own actions during the Holocaust.

 

1942 Chemical Warfare Services begins mustard gas experiments on

approximately 4,000 servicemen. The experiments continue until 1945 and

made use of Seventh Day Adventists who chose to become human guinea pigs

rather than serve on active duty.

 

1943 In response to Japan's full-scale germ warfare program, the U.S.

begins research on biological weapons at Fort Detrick, MD.

 

1944 U.S. Navy uses human subjects to test gas masks and clothing.

Individuals were locked in a gas chamber and exposed to mustard gas and

lewisite.

 

1945 Project Paperclip is initiated. The U.S. State Department, Army

intelligence, and the CIA recruit Nazi scientists and offer them

immunity and secret identities in exchange for work on top secret

government projects in the United States.

 

1945 " Program F " is implemented by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission

(AEC). This is the most extensive U.S. study of the health effects of

fluoride, which was the key chemical component in atomic bomb

production. One of the most toxic chemicals known to man, fluoride, it

is found, causes marked adverse effects to the central nervous system

but much of the information is squelched in the name of national

security because of fear that lawsuits would undermine full-scale

production of atomic bombs.

 

1946 Patients in VA hospitals are used as guinea pigs for medical

experiments. In order to allay suspicions, the order is given to change

the word " experiments " to " investigations " or " observations " whenever

reporting a medical study performed in one of the nation's veteran's

hospitals.

 

1947 Colonel E.E. Kirkpatrick of the U.S. Atomic Energy Comission

issues a secret document (Document 07075001, January 8, 1947) stating

that the agency will begin administering intravenous doses of

radioactive substances to human subjects.

 

1947 The CIA begins its study of LSD as a potential weapon for use by

American intelligence. Human subjects (both civilian and military) are

used with and without their knowledge.

 

1950 Department of Defense begins plans to detonate nuclear weapons in

desert areas and monitor downwind residents for medical problems and

mortality rates.

 

1950 In an experiment to determine how susceptible an American city

would be to biological attack, the U.S. Navy sprays a cloud of bacteria

from ships over San Franciso. Monitoring devices are situated throughout

the city in order to test the extent of infection. Many residents become

ill with pneumonia-like symptoms.

 

1951 Department of Defense begins open air tests using

disease-producing bacteria and viruses. Tests last through 1969 and

there is concern that people in the surrounding areas have been exposed.

 

1953 U.S. military releases clouds of zinc cadmium sulfide gas over

Winnipeg, St. Louis, Minneapolis, Fort Wayne, the Monocacy River Valley

in Maryland, and Leesburg, Virginia. Their intent is to determine how

efficiently they could disperse chemical agents.

 

1953 Joint Army-Navy-CIA experiments are conducted in which tens of

thousands of people in New York and San Francisco are exposed to the

airborne germs Serratia marcescens and Bacillus glogigii.

 

1953 CIA initiates Project MKULTRA. This is an eleven year research

program designed to produce and test drugs and biological agents that

would be used for mind control and behavior modification. Six of the

subprojects involved testing the agents on unwitting human beings.

 

1955 The CIA, in an experiment to test its ability to infect human

populations with biological agents, releases a bacteria withdrawn from

the Army's biological warfare arsenal over Tampa Bay, Fl.

 

1955 Army Chemical Corps continues LSD research, studying its potential

use as a chemical incapacitating agent. More than 1,000 Americans

participate in the tests, which continue until 1958.

 

1956 U.S. military releases mosquitoes infected with Yellow Fever over

Savannah, Ga and Avon Park, Fl. Following each test, Army agents posing

as public health officials test victims for effects.

 

1958 LSD is tested on 95 volunteers at the Army's Chemical Warfare

Laboratories for its effect on intelligence.

 

1960 The Army Assistant Chief-of-Staff for Intelligence (ACSI)

authorizes field testing of LSD in Europe and the Far East. Testing of

the european population is code named Project THIRD CHANCE; testing of

the Asian population is code named Project DERBY HAT.

 

1965 Project CIA and Department of Defense begin Project MKSEARCH, a

program to develop a capability to manipulate human behavior through the

use of mind-altering drugs.

 

1965 Prisoners at the Holmesburg State Prison in Philadelphia are

subjected to dioxin, the highly toxic chemical component of Agent Orange

used in Viet Nam. The men are later studied for development of cancer,

which indicates that Agent Orange had been a suspected carcinogen all

along.

 

1966 CIA initiates Project MKOFTEN, a program to test the toxicological

effects of certain drugs on humans and animals.

 

1966 U.S. Army dispenses Bacillus subtilis variant niger throughout the

New York City subway system. More than a million civilians are exposed

when army scientists drop lightbulbs filled with the bacteria onto

ventilation grates.

 

1967 CIA and Department of Defense implement Project MKNAOMI, successor

to MKULTRA and designed to maintain, stockpile and test biological and

chemical weapons.

 

1968 CIA experiments with the possibility of poisoning drinking water

by injecting chemicals into the water supply of the FDA in Washington,

D.C.

 

1969 Dr. Robert MacMahan of the Department of Defense requests from

congress $10 million to develop, within 5 to 10 years, a synthetic

biological agent to which no natural immunity exists.

 

1970 Funding for the synthetic biological agent is obtained under H.R.

15090. The project, under the supervision of the CIA, is carried out by

the Special Operations Division at Fort Detrick, the army's top secret

biological weapons facility. Speculation is raised that molecular

biology techniques are used to produce AIDS-like retroviruses.

 

1970 United States intensifies its development of " ethnic weapons "

(Military Review, Nov., 1970), designed to selectively target and

eliminate specific ethnic groups who are susceptible due to genetic

differences and variations in DNA.

 

1975 The virus section of Fort Detrick's Center for Biological Warfare

Research is renamed the Fredrick Cancer Research Facilities and placed

under the supervision of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) . It is

here that a special virus cancer program is initiated by the U.S. Navy,

purportedly to develop cancer-causing viruses. It is also here that

retrovirologists isolate a virus to which no immunity exists. It is

later named HTLV (Human T-cell Leukemia Virus).

 

1977 Senate hearings on Health and Scientific Research confirm that 239

populated areas had been contaminated with biological agents between

1949 and 1969. Some of the areas included San Francisco, Washington,

D.C., Key West, Panama City, Minneapolis, and St. Louis.

 

1978 Experimental Hepatitis B vaccine trials, conducted by the CDC,

begin in New York, Los Angeles and San Francisco. Ads for research

subjects specifically ask for promiscuous homosexual men.

 

1981 First cases of AIDS are confirmed in homosexual men in New York,

Los Angeles and San Francisco, triggering speculation that AIDS may have

been introduced via the Hepatitis B vaccine

 

1985 According to the journal Science (227:173-177), HTLV and VISNA, a

fatal sheep virus, are very similar, indicating a close taxonomic and

evolutionary relationship.

 

1986 According to the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

(83:4007-4011), HIV and VISNA are highly similar and share all

structural elements, except for a small segment which is nearly

identical to HTLV. This leads to speculation that HTLV and VISNA may

have been linked to produce a new retrovirus to which no natural

immunity exists.

 

1986 A report to Congress reveals that the U.S. Government's current

generation of biological agents includes: modified viruses, naturally

occurring toxins, and agents that are altered through genetic

engineering to change immunological character and prevent treatment by

all existing vaccines.

 

1987 Department of Defense admits that, despite a treaty banning

research and development of biological agents, it continues to operate

research facilities at 127 facilities and universities around the

nation.

 

1990 More than 1500 six-month old black and hispanic babies in Los

Angeles are given an " experimental " measles vaccine that had never been

licensed for use in the United States. CDC later admits that parents

were never informed that the vaccine being injected to their children

was experimental.

 

1994 With a technique called " gene tracking, " Dr. Garth Nicolson at the

MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, TX discovers that many returning

Desert Storm veterans are infected with an altered strain of Mycoplasma

incognitus, a microbe commonly used in the production of biological

weapons. Incorporated into its molecular structure is 40 percent of the

HIV protein coat, indicating that it had been man-made.

 

1994 Senator John D. Rockefeller issues a report revealing that for at

least 50 years the Department of Defense has used hundreds of thousands

of military personnel in human experiments and for intentional exposure

to dangerous substances. Materials included mustard and nerve gas,

ionizing radiation, psychochemicals, hallucinogens, and drugs used

during the Gulf War .

 

1995 U.S. Government admits that it had offered Japanese war criminals

and scientists who had performed human medical experiments salaries and

immunity from prosecution in exchange for data on biological warfare

research.

 

1995 Dr. Garth Nicolson, uncovers evidence that the biological agents

used during the Gulf War had been manufactured in Houston, TX and Boca

Raton, Fl and tested on prisoners in the Texas Department of

Corrections.

 

1996 Department of Defense admits that Desert Storm soldiers were

exposed to chemical agents.

 

1997 Eighty-eight members of Congress sign a letter demanding an

investigation into bioweapons use & Gulf War Syndrome.

 

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