Guest guest Posted August 8, 2006 Report Share Posted August 8, 2006 At 06:25 AM 08/06/2006 +0000, you wrote: >I'm currious about this as well,........... but the un-natural glue >just does not feel right >to me. Any sugestions? >best, >chris- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Cartilage has two main components: reinforced gel and very strong collagen fibers (made up of glue-like protein). The reinforced gel is made up of proteoglycans (long molecules covered with bristle-like texture, the chondroitin sulfate molecules. The chondrocyte cells make collagen and proteoglycans, which are spread about the cartilage matrix. The chondrocytes also get rid of old collagen and proteoglycans. Chondroitin sulfate collects nutrients for the chondrocytes, because cartilage has no blood supply to provide nutrients. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Adhesives have been around for some time. When a woolly mammoth first stepped into a tar pit, the concept of adhesion became painfully obvious. Early man recognized the possibilities and the rest is history. Ancient civilizations used natural glues that remain bonded thousands of years later. By definition, glue is made from animal byproducts such as skins and bones. An adhesive is any product that joins materials together. Today, the words " glue " and " adhesive " have become interchangeable. Natural Glues are made from animal byproducts (hide glue and casein) and plant sources (paste, cellulose and rubber). ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ December 4, 1990 SCIENCE WATCH; Finding a Natural Glue SURGEONS are making a natural glue from their patients' blood to help repair small skin defects on the face and ears. Such defects most commonly occur when a surgeon removes a swatch of skin to excise a small skin cancer. Typically, skin defects in these regions are covered by patches of skin borrowed from another location, which are sewn into place. But suturing in these visible areas is difficult and can lead to scars. Using the new technique, surgeons spread the natural adhesive, called fibrin glue, on the underside of the skin graft and stick it in position. The graft holds firm for the five days it takes for blood vessels to grow into it and form a more permanent anchor. " It's simple, inexpensive, saves time and works well, " said Dr. Ranes Chakravorty, a plastic surgeon at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Salem, Va., who published a paper on the technique in The Annals of Plastic Surgery last month. The glue is made from a protein in a patient's blood called fibrinogen. When combined with two commercially available proteins, thrombin and Amicar, the fibrinogen turns to fibrin. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The glue protein of ribbed mussels (Geukensia demissa): a natural adhesive with some features of collagen. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed & cmd=Search & itool=pubmed\ _Abstract & term=%22Waite+JH%22%5BAuthor%5D>Waite JH, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed & cmd=Search & itool=pubmed\ _Abstract & term=%22Hansen+DC%22%5BAuthor%5D>Hansen DC, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed & cmd=Search & itool=pubmed\ _Abstract & term=%22Little+KT%22%5BAuthor%5D>Little KT. Marine Biology/Biochemistry Program, College of Marine Studies, University of Delaware, Lewes 19958. The Atlantic ribbed mussel Geukensia (Modiolus) demissa attaches itself to the roots of cord grass and other hard objects in tidal salt marshes by spinning adhesive byssal threads. The precursor of a protein apparently present in the adhesive plaques of the threads was isolated in quantity from the foot of the mussel. The protein has an apparent molecular weight of 130,000, a pI of 8.1, and contains a high proportion of Gly, Glu/Gln, Lys and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine (DOPA). Sequence of tryptic peptides suggests a pattern of repeated motifs, such as: Gly--DOPA--Lys, and X--Gly--DOPA--Y--Z--Gly--DOPA/Tyr--Lys, where X is Thr or Ala in octapeptides and Gln--Thr in nonapeptides. Y is variable, but more often than not hydrophobic; and Z is frequently Pro or 4-trans-hydroxyproline (Hyp). The presence of Pro--Gly and Hyp--Gly sequences of delta-hydroxylysine in the protein is reminiscent of typical collagens; however, the protein is not labile to clostridial collagenase, nor does collagen cross-react with antibodies raised against the mussel protein. Unlike typical collagens, Gly probably occurs only at every 4th or 5th residue in this unusual mussel protein. PMID: 2481690 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Animal glue From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia An animal glue is an <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//wiki/Adhesive>adhesive that is created by prolonged boiling of <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//wiki/Animal>animal <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//wiki/Connective_tissue>connective tissue. These <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//wiki/Protein>protein <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//wiki/Colloid>colloid glues are formed through <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//wiki/Hydrolysis>hydrolysis of the <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//wiki/Collagen>collagen from skins, bones, tendons, and other tissues, similar to <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//wiki/Gelatin>gelatin. The word " collagen " itself derives from <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//wiki/Greek_language>Greek kolla, glue. These proteins form a molecular bond with the glued object. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//wiki/Stereotype>Stereotypically, the animal in question is a <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//wiki/Horse>horse, and horses that are euthanized are often said to have been sent to the " glue factory. " In fact, animal glue is produced from a variety of different animal species besides horses. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Rabbit Skin Glue This is a high grade glue made in the U.S. of pure rabbit collagen. It is a fine mesh granular glue that is easy to dissolve in water. The high-quality grade means that it is the lightest in color and most translucent glue available. This makes it ideal for use in gesso and as a medium for distemper painting. Stronger than most modern adhesives, rabbit skin glue is used in traditional woodworking and painting technique. First soaked in water and then heated in a water bath, it is applied warm, and gels when left to cool. In woodworking, rabbit skin glue's solubility in water makes it reversible, while its " open time " allows for repositioning. In painting technique, it is used both as a size for canvas and boards, in recipes to make traditional gesso, and in distemper paints. Animal glues vary in strength, but rabbit skin glue usually offers the highest strength, viscosity and elasticity. True rabbit skin glue tends to gel at lower temperatures, making it easier to use in gesso applications. Otherwise, glue made from cow or rabbit collagen are comparable. Always make the minimum concentration required; as a guide, a set jelly should be somewhere between hard set and liquid. For a canvas or panel size, try 40 grams of rabbit skin glue for every quart of water. For distemper paints, 60 grams for every quart. As an adhesive, check the consistency by dipping a piece of wood into the glue pot. If the glue runs off smoothly, you've got it right. If it is too thick, add a little water. Use the glue hot. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ That ought to be enough to get you started. Peace and Love, Byron Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted August 8, 2006 Report Share Posted August 8, 2006 get me started indeed; thanks! best, chris , Byron <byronksc wrote: > > At 06:25 AM 08/06/2006 +0000, you wrote: > >I'm currious about this as well,........... but the un-natural glue > >just does not feel right > >to me. Any sugestions? > >best, > >chris- > > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ > > Cartilage has two main components: reinforced gel and very strong > collagen fibers (made up of glue-like protein). The reinforced gel is > made up of proteoglycans (long molecules covered with bristle-like > texture, the chondroitin sulfate molecules. The chondrocyte cells > make collagen and proteoglycans, which are spread about the cartilage > matrix. The chondrocytes also get rid of old collagen and > proteoglycans. Chondroitin sulfate collects nutrients for the > chondrocytes, because cartilage has no blood supply to provide nutrients. > > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ > Adhesives have been around for some time. When a woolly mammoth first > stepped into a tar pit, the concept of adhesion became painfully > obvious. Early man recognized the possibilities and the rest is > history. Ancient civilizations used natural glues that remain bonded > thousands of years later. > By definition, glue is made from animal byproducts such as skins and > bones. An adhesive is any product that joins materials together. > Today, the words " glue " and " adhesive " have become interchangeable. > Natural Glues are made from animal byproducts (hide glue and casein) > and plant sources (paste, cellulose and rubber). > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ > December 4, 1990 > > SCIENCE WATCH; Finding a Natural Glue > > SURGEONS are making a natural glue from their patients' blood to help > repair small skin defects on the face and ears. Such defects most > commonly occur when a surgeon removes a swatch of skin to excise a > small skin cancer. > > Typically, skin defects in these regions are covered by patches of > skin borrowed from another location, which are sewn into place. But > suturing in these visible areas is difficult and can lead to scars. > > Using the new technique, surgeons spread the natural adhesive, called > fibrin glue, on the underside of the skin graft and stick it in > position. The graft holds firm for the five days it takes for blood > vessels to grow into it and form a more permanent anchor. > > " It's simple, inexpensive, saves time and works well, " said Dr. Ranes > Chakravorty, a plastic surgeon at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center > in Salem, Va., who published a paper on the technique in The Annals > of Plastic Surgery last month. > > The glue is made from a protein in a patient's blood called > fibrinogen. When combined with two commercially available proteins, > thrombin and Amicar, the fibrinogen turns to fibrin. > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ > The glue protein of ribbed mussels (Geukensia demissa): a natural > adhesive with some features of collagen. > <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? db=pubmed & cmd=Search & itool=pubmed_Abstract & term=%22Waite+JH%22% 5BAuthor%5D>Waite > JH, > <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? db=pubmed & cmd=Search & itool=pubmed_Abstract & term=%22Hansen+DC%22% 5BAuthor%5D>Hansen > DC, > <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? db=pubmed & cmd=Search & itool=pubmed_Abstract & term=%22Little+KT%22% 5BAuthor%5D>Little > KT. > > Marine Biology/Biochemistry Program, College of Marine Studies, > University of Delaware, Lewes 19958. > > The Atlantic ribbed mussel Geukensia (Modiolus) demissa attaches > itself to the roots of cord grass and other hard objects in tidal > salt marshes by spinning adhesive byssal threads. The precursor of a > protein apparently present in the adhesive plaques of the threads was > isolated in quantity from the foot of the mussel. The protein has an > apparent molecular weight of 130,000, a pI of 8.1, and contains a > high proportion of Gly, Glu/Gln, Lys and > 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine (DOPA). Sequence of tryptic peptides > suggests a pattern of repeated motifs, such as: Gly--DOPA--Lys, and > X--Gly--DOPA--Y--Z--Gly--DOPA/Tyr--Lys, where X is Thr or Ala in > octapeptides and Gln--Thr in nonapeptides. Y is variable, but more > often than not hydrophobic; and Z is frequently Pro or > 4-trans-hydroxyproline (Hyp). The presence of Pro--Gly and Hyp--Gly > sequences of delta-hydroxylysine in the protein is reminiscent of > typical collagens; however, the protein is not labile to clostridial > collagenase, nor does collagen cross-react with antibodies raised > against the mussel protein. Unlike typical collagens, Gly probably > occurs only at every 4th or 5th residue in this unusual mussel protein. > > PMID: 2481690 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ > > Animal glue > > > From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia > > An animal glue is an > <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//wiki/Adhesive>adhesive that is created > by prolonged boiling of > <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//wiki/Animal>animal > <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//wiki/Connective_tissue>connective > tissue. These <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//wiki/Protein>protein > <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//wiki/Colloid>colloid glues are formed > through <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//wiki/Hydrolysis>hydrolysis of > the <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//wiki/Collagen>collagen from skins, > bones, tendons, and other tissues, similar to > <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//wiki/Gelatin>gelatin. The word > " collagen " itself derives from > <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//wiki/Greek_language>Greek kolla, glue. > These proteins form a molecular bond with the glued object. > > <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//wiki/Stereotype>Stereotypically, the > animal in question is a > <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//wiki/Horse>horse, and horses that are > euthanized are often said to have been sent to the " glue factory. " In > fact, animal glue is produced from a variety of different animal > species besides horses. > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ > Rabbit Skin Glue > This is a high grade glue made in the U.S. of pure rabbit collagen. > It is a fine mesh granular glue that is easy to dissolve in water. > The high-quality grade means that it is the lightest in color and > most translucent glue available. This makes it ideal for use in gesso > and as a medium for distemper painting. > > Stronger than most modern adhesives, rabbit skin glue is used in > traditional woodworking and painting technique. First soaked in water > and then heated in a water bath, it is applied warm, and gels when > left to cool. In woodworking, rabbit skin glue's solubility in water > makes it reversible, while its " open time " allows for repositioning. > In painting technique, it is used both as a size for canvas and > boards, in recipes to make traditional gesso, and in distemper > paints. Animal glues vary in strength, but rabbit skin glue usually > offers the highest strength, viscosity and elasticity. True rabbit > skin glue tends to gel at lower temperatures, making it easier to use > in gesso applications. Otherwise, glue made from cow or rabbit > collagen are comparable. Always make the minimum concentration > required; as a guide, a set jelly should be somewhere between hard > set and liquid. For a canvas or panel size, try 40 grams of rabbit > skin glue for every quart of water. For distemper paints, 60 grams > for every quart. As an adhesive, check the consistency by dipping a > piece of wood into the glue pot. If the glue runs off smoothly, > you've got it right. If it is too thick, add a little water. Use the glue hot. > > > > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ > > That ought to be enough to get you started. > > Peace and Love, > Byron > > > > > Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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