Abstracts on ACUPUNCTURE & related stimuli

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Abstracts on ACUPUNCTURE & related stimuli

 

Carhart MR; D'Luzansky SC; He J; Abbas J; Herman RM; Willis

WT | Gait performance with spinal cord stimulation and reflex -

FES in an incomplete spinal cord injured person. | Society for

Neuroscience Abstract Viewer and Itinerary Planner 2003 2003,

Abstract No. 824.18 | The Harrington Dept. of Bio-Engin., Arizona

State Univ., Banner Good Samaritan Med. Ctr., Phoenix, AZ, USA

SPONSOR- Society of Neuroscience | This study evaluates

Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation (ESCS) with and without reflex

functional electrical stimulation (FES) for the recovery of

locomotion in a subject with an incomplete spinal cord injury (ISCI).

A 48 year old ISCI male (T8, ASIA C, 8 years post-injury) was

provided with 4 months of partial weight bearing therapy (PWBT)

with and without FES. At the end of 4 months, over-ground walking

was improved with FES; however, endurance and sense of effort

remained markedly restricted so that functional walking could not

be attained. PWBT retraining was conducted with ESCS, and led

to a level of ambulatory function that permitted over-ground training.

Over-ground walking performance was subsequently evaluated

under 4 conditions: no stimulation, FES, ESCS, and ESCS+FES.

Performance measures included: gait kinematics, EMG, walking

speed and endurance, and reliance on an instrumented walker.

Stimulation of any type markedly improved locomotion. FES was

associated with a dramatic improvement in limb motion unilaterally;

enhancing limb swing, and step length; walking speed and

endurance were improved by factors of 2 and 4, respectively, while

the average vertical support from the walker was reduced. Despite

less significant improvements in movement kinematics, ESCS

resulted in further improvements in walking speed, endurance,

sense of effort, and a further reduction in the reliance on the walker

for vertical support. Superimposing FES on ESCS improved

walking speed and endurance while reducing the participant's

reliance on the walker for support. Stimulation of the spinal cord

with or without FES can facilitate walking in individuals with ISCI

classified as " wheelchair-dependent low ASIA C " .

 

Chen Jian; Huang Cheng; Xiao Da; Chen Han-Ping; Cheng Jie-Shi |

Expression of interleukin-6 mRNA in ischemic rat brain after

electroAP stimulation. | AP & Electro-Therapeutics Research 28,

(3-4), 2003, 157-166 | National Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology,

Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China |

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a potent, pleiotropic cytokine that plays a

central role in host defense and acute inflammatory responses,

exhibiting pro- and anti-inflammatory activities. However, little is

known about the effect of AP on IL-6 in inflammatory responses

caused by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. The objective of present

study was to investigate the influence of electroAP (EA) on IL-6

mRNA expression in ischemic rat brain, by means of reverse

transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ

hybridization. Data showed that EA stimulation significantly

upregulated IL-6 mRNA levels in rat cortex and striatum following

cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (p<.05 vs. cerebral ischemia group,

respectively), but nothing for sham-EA treatment. EA participated

partially in the regulation of inflammatory processes, and the

mechanism of neuroprotective action of EA is implicated in

modulation of IL-6 gene expression in cerebral ischemic injury.

 

Jiang Ke-Wen; Zhao Zheng-Yan; Shui Quan-Xiang; Xia Zhe-Zhi |

Electro-AP preconditioning abrogates the elevation of c-Fos and c-

Jun expression in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic rat brains induced by

glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker. |

Brain Research 998, (1) 13 February, 2004, 13-19 | Email:

jiangkewen; Department of Neurology, School of

Medicine, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University, 57 Zhugan

Xiang, Hangzhou, 310003, China | This study aimed to clarify the

neuroprotective mechanism of electro-AP (EA) preconditioning on

hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI). Using Western blot, the

expression of c-fos protein (c-Fos) and c-jun protein (c-Jun)

induced by glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP)

channel blocker was examined from cerebral cortical and

hippocampal samples in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic rats, with or

without EA preconditioning. EA was performed on Hegu (LI4), a

well-known acupoint commonly used in Oriental medicine for the

treatment of neuronal injury resulting from hypoxia-ischemia (HI).

Preconditioned rats were treated with either diazoxide, a KATP

channel opener, glibenclamide, or sterile saline injected into the left

lateral ventricle (i.c.v.), with or without EA administration before HI

insult. Interestingly, low c-Fos and c-Jun expressions were found

both in diazoxide and EA groups, 24 h after HI. Furthermore,

significant differences in relative optical density (ROD) were found

between glibenclamide and HI control groups (p</=.05), as well as

between the group administered glibenclamide after EA and the HI

control group (p</=.05). However, the level of c-Fos and c-Jun

expression in the group administered glibenclamide after EA was

significantly lower than in the glibenclamide group (p</=.05). The

effectiveness of EA preconditioning against HIBI may be mediated

via the opening of KATP channels.

 

Lu Dominic P; Lu Gabriel P | Anatomical relevance of some AP

points in the head and neck region that dictate medical or dental

application depending on depth of needle insertion. | AP & Electro-

Therapeutics Research 28, (3-4), 2003, 145-156 | | According to

classic AP textbooks many AP points on the face could be used

to treat facial pain, paralysis, and toothache. But it is not specified

which AP point would be effective for which tooth. Many of these

points, when used for the treatment of dental pain, often fail From

an anatomical point of view, we describe which AP point to use for

each specific area for effective treatment of dental pain. Also, we

emphasize the importance of the depth of needle insertion,

especially the necessity to touch the facial bone, for effective pain

treatment. When performed properly, AP can be very effective for

relief of dental pain.

 

Matharu Manjit S; Bartsch Thorsten; Ward Nick; Frackowiak

Richard SJ; Weiner Richard; Goadsby Peter J | Central

neuromodulation in chronic migraine patients with suboccipital

stimulators: A PET study. | Brain 127, (1), January 2004, 220-230

| Email: peterg; Institute of Neurology, Queen

Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK MEDIUM- print | Electrical

stimulation of primary sensory afferents is known to have an

antinociceptive effect Animal and functional imaging studies

suggest a role for supraspinal structures in this response. Eight

patients with chronic migraine (>/=15 days/month of attacks of

migraine without aura), who had shown a marked beneficial

response to implanted bilateral suboccipital stimulators, were

studied. Stimulation evoked local paraesthesia, the presence of

which was a criterion of pain relief. On stimulation, the headache

began to improve instantaneously and was completely suppressed

within 30 min. On switching off the stimulation, the headache

recurred instantly and peaked within 20 min. PET scans were

performed using regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) as a marker of

neuronal activity. Each patient was scanned in the following three

states: (1) stimulator at optimum settings: patient pain-free but with

paraesthesia; (2) stimulator off: patient in pain and no

paraesthesia; (3) stimulator partially activated: patient with

intermediate levels of pain and paraesthesia. All scans were

processed and analysed using Statistical Parametric Mapping

(SPM) 99. There were significant changes in rCBF in the dorsal

rostral pons, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and cuneus,

correlated to pain scores, and in the ACC and left pulvinar,

correlated to stimulation-induced paraesthesia scores. The

activation pattern in the dorsal rostral pons is highly suggestive of a

role for this structure in the pathophysiology of chronic migraine.

The localization and persistence of activity during stimulation is

exactly consistent with a region activated in episodic migraine, and

with the persistence of activation of that area after successful

treatment The dorsal rostral pons may be a locus of

neuromodulation by suboccipital stimulation. In addition,

suboccipital stimulation modulated activity in the left pulvinar.

 

Meissner Winfried; Weiss Thomas; Trippe Ralf H; Hechtt Holger;

Krapp Clemens; Miltner Wolfgang H | AP decreases

somatosensory evoked potential amplitudes to noxious stimuli in

anesthetized volunteers. | Anesthesia & Analgesia 98, (1), January

2004, 141-147 | Email: meissner; Department of

Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Friedrich-Schiller-University

Jena, 07740, Jena, Germany | The effect of AP on pain perception

is controversial. Because late amplitudes of somatosensory evoked

potentials (SEPs) to noxious stimuli are thought to correlate with

the subjective experience of pain intensity, we designed this study

to detect changes of these SEPs before and after AP in a double-

blinded fashion. Sixteen volunteers were anesthetized by propofol

and exposed to painful electric stimuli to the right forefinger. Then,

blinded to the research team, the AP group (n=8) was treated with

electric needle AP over 15 min at analgesic points of the leg,

whereas the sham group (n=8) received no treatment Thereafter,

nociceptive stimulation was repeated. SEPs were recorded during

each noxious stimulataon from the vertex Cz, and latencies and

amplitudes of the N150 and P260 components were analyzed by

analysis of variance. P260 amplitudes decreased from 4.40 +/-

2.76 muV (mean +/- SD) before treatment to 1.67 +/- 1.21 muV

after treatment (p<.05), whereas amplitudes of the sham group

remained unchanged (2.64 +/- 0.94 muV before versus 2.54 +/-

1.54 muV after treatment). In conclusion, this double-blinded study

demonstrated that electric needle AP, as compared with sham

treatment, significantly decreased the magnitudes of late SEP

amplitudes with electrical noxious stimulation in anesthetized

subjects, suggesting a specific analgesic effect of AP

 

Scherder Erik JA; Luijpen Marijn W; van Dijk Koene RA | Activation

of the dorsal raphe nucleus and locus coeruleus by

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Alzheimer's

disease: A reconsideration of stimulation-parameters derived from

animal studies. | Chinese Journal of Physiology 46, (4 December

31, 2003, 143-150 DOCUMENT TYPE- Article ISSN- 0304-4920 |

Email: EJA.Scherder; Department of Clinical

Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit, Van der Boechorststraat 1,

1081 BT, Amsterdam, Netherlands MEDIUM- print | In 1990 a

series of studies started in which the effects of Transcutaneous

Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) was examined on cognition,

behaviour, and the rest-activity rhythm of patients with Alzheimer's

disease (AD). In these studies, TENS aimed primarily at

stimulating the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and the locus

coeruleus (LC) by a combination of low- and high-frequency

stimulation (2 Hz and 160 Hz, respectively), a pulse width of 0.1

ms, and an intensity that provokes muscular twitches. TENS was

applied 30 min a day, during a six-week period. In order to make

reliable comparisons between studies, identical stimulation-

parameters were used in all studies thus far. TENS appeared to

have a positive effect on cognition, behaviour, and the rest-activity

rhythm but the effects disappeared after cessation of stimulation. In

order to optimise TENS treatment in AD, the present paper is

meant to reconsider the once selected stimulation-parameters by

reviewing the relevant literature published since 1991. The results

derived from animal experimental studies show that for an optimal

stimulation of the LC and DRN, the pulse width should be more

than 0.1 ms. Limitations and suggestions for future research will be

discussed.

 

Wang Xiang-Rui; Lin Han; Wang Zhen-Hong | Protective effects of

electroAP and salviae miltiorrhizae on myocardial

ischemia/reperfusion in rabbits. | AP & Electro-Therapeutics

Research 28, (3-4), 2003, 175-182 | Email:

xiangruiwang; Department of Anesthesiology, Renji

Hospital, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, China | The aim of

present study was to observe the protective effects of electroAP

(EA) and Salviae Miltiorrhizae (SM) on myocardial

ischemia/reperfusion in rabbits. Acute ischemia/reperfusion of

myocardium was set up by ligating left anterior descending branch

of coronary artery in 24 rabbits which were divided randomly into

control, EA, SM, and EA+SM group. Changes of plasma

myocardial zymogram were found after ischemia in these groups.

EA and SM were observed to decrease plasma IL-8 and

epinephrine concentration and to increase 99mTc-MIBI intake ratio

of myocardial mitochondrial, but enhancing or antagonistic effect

between EA and SM was negligible. There was positive correlation

between concentrations of plasma epinephrine and IL-8. EA and

SM reduced myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and protected

myocardial mitochondrial by reducing concentrations of plasma

epinephrine and IL-8. EA and SM could reduce the release of

endogenic epinephrine, which was one of the mechanisms of

lowering plasma IL-8.

 

Wang Xiang-Rui; Xiao Jie; Sun Da-Jin | Myocardial protective

effects of electroAP and hypothermia on porcine heart after

ischemia/reperfusion. | AP & Electro-Therapeutics Research 28, (3-

4), 2003, 193-200 | Email: xiangruiwang;

Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, 1630 Dongfang

Road, Shanghai, China | The study was carried out in order to

observe the protective effects of electroAP (EA) and hypothermia

on myocardial ischemic and reperfusion injury in pigs. Blood-

superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), creatine

phosphokinase (CPK) and its isoenzyme (CK-MB), coronary artery

flow (CAF) and myocardial heat-shock protein (HSP) mRNA

expression were detected. It was observed that the MDA content

increased and SOD activities decreased more significantly in

control group compared with EA and EA+ hypothermia groups.

CPK and CK-MB were found significantly increased in all three

groups, but more remarkable in control group than in EA and EA+

hypothermia groups. HSP70 mRNA expression was found to be

more in EA and EA+ hypothermia groups than that in control group

60min after reperfusion. EA enhanced myocardial protection of

hypothermia on ischemia/reperfusion injury. The mechanism may

be related to the improvement of antioxidation and increased

expression of HSP70 gene.

 

Willis WT; Carhart M; D'Luzansky SC; Thompson A; He J;

Thresher J; Herman RM | Metabolic and performance effects of

electrical stimulation of the spinal cord and peripheral nerve on

locomotion. | Society for Neuroscience Abstract Viewer and

Itinerary Planner 2003 2003, Abstract No. 824.17 | Clin. NeuroBiol.

and BioEngin. Res. Ctr., Banner Good Samaritan Med. Ctr.,

Phoenix, AZ, USA SPONSOR- Society of Neuroscience MEDIUM-

e-file CONFERENCE DATE- November 08-12, 2003

CONFERENCE TITLE- 33rd Annual Meeting of the Society of

Neuroscience URL INFO- http://sfn.scholarone.com | We recently

reported (Willis et.al., 2001; Herman et.al. 2002) improvements in

walking performance, coincident with reduced whole body CO2

production, in a quadriplegic treated by suprasensory, submotor

lumbar epidural spinal cord stimulation (ESCS). We have extended

these results, as well as compared ESCS, now at suprasensory

and motorthreshold, to peripheral (peroneal nerve)functional

electrical stimulation (FES), which caused phase-dependent reflex

activity during the swing phase of the weaker limb, in a 48 year-old

wheelchair-dependant male with a chronic (8 years), incomplete

(T8, low ASIA C) spinal cord injury (SCI). Following 4 months of

partial weight bearing treadmill training with/without FES, the

subject was evaluated during over-ground walking under 4

stimulation (STIM) conditions: no STIM, ESCS, FES, and

ESCS+FES, tested on separate laboratory visits. Average speed,

distance, and pulmonary gas exchange data were recorded. STIM

of any type improved performance and O2 cost of transport. ESCS

resulted in a respiratory exchange ratio (RER) consistent with

energetic reliance on fat oxidation, a pattern similar to able-bodied

walking at their preferred speed. FES improved performance, but

elicited a RER value suggesting high carbohydrate dependence.

Combining FES and ESCS increased speed, but also apparent

carbohydrate dependence. We conclude that STIM offers promise

in the recovery of locomotion in SCI individuals. Further, at least

among those classified as " wheelchair-dependant, low ASIA C " ,

ESCS may facilitate a neural activation pattern which resembles

that operating in the able-bodied population.

 

 

 

 

 

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