Cheap, safe drug kills most cancers

[Guest guest]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid

 

 

Potential cancer applications

 

Cancer cells generally use glycolysis

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolysis> rather than oxidation

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation> for energy (the Warburg effect

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warburg_effect>), as a result of hypoxia

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ischemia> in tumors

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor> and damaged mitochondria.^[8]

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_note-2> The body

often kills damaged cells by apoptosis

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis>, a mechanism of

self-destruction that involves mitochondria, but this mechanism fails in

cancer <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer> cells.

 

A study published in January 2007 by researchers at the University of

Alberta <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Alberta>,^[9]

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_note-3> testing DCA

on /in vitro <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vitro>/ cancer cell lines

and a rat model, found that DCA restored mitochondrial function, thus

restoring apoptosis, killing cancer cells /in vitro/, and shrinking the

tumors in the rats.^[10]

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_note-bonnet2007>

 

These results received extensive media attention, beginning with an

article in /New Scientist <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Scientist>/

entitled " Cheap, Safe Drug Kills Most Cancers " .^[11]

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_note-newscientist>

Subsequently, the American Cancer Society

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Cancer_Society> and other medical

organizations have received a large volume of public interest and

questions regarding DCA.^[12]

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_note-abcnews> Reports

have since pointed out that although the study results are promising, no

clinical trials in humans with cancer have yet been conducted,

emphasizing the need for caution in interpreting the preliminary

results.^[12]

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_note-abcnews> ^[13]

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_note-nowonderdrug> No

data from clinical trials <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_trial>

is available yet.

 

The New Scientist later editorialized, " The drug may yet live up to its

promise as an anti-cancer agent - clinical trials are expected to start

soon. It may even spawn an entirely new class of anti-cancer drugs. For

now, however, it remains experimental, never yet properly tested in a

person with cancer. People who self-administer the drug are taking a

very long shot and, unlikely as it may sound, could even make their

health worse. " ^[14]

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_note-4>

 

The historical likelihood that a promising agent in pre-clinical (i.e.,

cell-line killing) experiments will become an effective human cancer

drug is 5%,^[/citation needed/]

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources> and the

likelihood of an FDA approval for any given drug entering Phase I

testing is reportedly 8-11%.^[15]

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_note-5> ^[16]

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_note-6> Arguably, DCA

may never need additional Phase 1 testing (e.g. for dosages and their

safety, not for the efficacy of the drug), if the results from previous

studies, which tested dosages for toxicity in patients with metabolic

disorders, are acceptable to the FDA or equivalent organizations in

other countries. As of April 2007, DCA has passed phase 1 trials and can

enter directly phase 2 trials in patients with cancer.

 

DCA is a non-patentable compound. Concerns have therefore been raised

that without pharmaceutical industry

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry> interest, trials

of DCA may not be funded.^[12]

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_note-abcnews> ^[11]

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_note-newscientist>

^[13]

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_note-nowonderdrug>

^[17] <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_note-express>

However, other sources of funding exist; previous studies of DCA have

been funded by government organizations such as the National Institutes

of Health <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health>,

the Food and Drug Administration

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration>, the

Canadian Institutes of Health Research

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Institutes_of_Health_Research>

and by private charities (e.g. the Muscular Dystrophy Association

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscular_Dystrophy_Association>).

 

 

Adverse effects

 

Reports in the lay press after the 2007 University of Alberta

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Alberta> announcement claim

that dichloroacetate " has actually been used safely in humans for

decades " ,^[18]

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_note-DCA_Cancer_2>

but the limited scholarly literature suggests side effects of pain,

numbness and gait <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gait_%28human%29>

disturbances in some patients.^[18]

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_note-DCA_Cancer_2> A

clinical trial where DCA was given to patients of MELAS

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MELAS> (a form of genetically inherited

lactic acidosis <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactic_acidosis>) at 25

mg/kg/day was ended prematurely due to excessive peripheral nerve

toxicity.^[19]

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_note-7>

Dichloroacetate can also have anxiolytic

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiolytic> or sedative

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedation> effects.^[20]

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_note-8>

 

Animal studies suggest that the neuropathy

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuropathy> and neurotoxicity

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxicity> during chronic

dichloroacetate treatment may be partly due to depletion of thiamine

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiamine>, and thiamine supplementation in

rats reduced these effects.^[21]

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_note-9> However, more

recent studies in humans suggest that peripheral neuropathy is a common

side effect during chronic DCA treatment, even with coadministration of

oral thiamine.^[22]

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_note-10> ^[23]

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_note-11> An

additional study reported that 50 mg/kg/day DCA treatment resulted in

unsteady gait and lethargy in two patients, with symptoms occurring

after one month for one patient and two months for the second. Gait

disturbance and consciousness were recovered with cessation of DCA,

however sensory nerve <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_nerve>

action potentials <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_potential> did

not recover in one month.^[24]

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_note-12>

 

 

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<http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dichloroacetic_acid & action=edit & secti\

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Self-medication

 

Doctors warned of potential problems if people attempt to try DCA

outside a controlled clinical trial

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_trial>. " If it starts going

badly, who is following you before it gets out of control? By the time

you realize your liver is failing, you're in big trouble, " said Laura

Shanner, Associate professor of health ethics at the University of

Alberta.^[25] <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_note-13>

 

The most prominent web site promoting self-medication with DCA is

thedcasite.com <http://thedcasite.com>, according to the New

Scientist.^[26]

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_note-14> The site was

founded by Jim Tassano, who operates a pest-control company in Sonora,

California, and also founded another site, which offers to sell DCA for

treatment of cancer " in animals. " Because DCA has not been approved for

human use, it is illegal for a web site to sell it for human or animal

consumption in the US, said special agent Phil Walsky of the US Food and

Drug Administration's Office of Criminal Investigations, which is

investigating the two sites. DCA has never been approved for veterinary

use either. Sigma-Aldrich <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma-Aldrich>

recently restricted sales of DCA. However, DCA is a widely used

laboratory chemical that can be ordered from thousands of companies.

 

Studies of the trichloroethylene

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichloroethylene> (TCE) metabolites

dichloroacetic acid (DCA), trichloroacetic acid

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichloroacetic_acid> (TCA) , and chloral

hydrate <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloral_hydrate> suggest that both

DCA and TCA are involved in TCE-induced liver tumorigenesis and that

many DCA effects are consistent with conditions that increase the risk

of liver cancer <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_cancer> in humans.

^[27] <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_note->

 

 

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References

 

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Stacpoole P, Wright E, Baumgartner T, Bersin R, Buchalter S, Curry

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depmed.ualberta.ca <http://www.depmed.ualberta.ca/dca/>

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Bonnet S, Archer S, Allalunis-Turner J, Haromy A, Beaulieu C,

Thompson R, Lee C, Lopaschuk G, Puttagunta L, Bonnet S, Harry G,

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" A mitochondria-K+ channel axis is suppressed in cancer and its

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act & list_uids=17222789>.

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^/*b*/

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Cheap, safe drug kills most cancers

<http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn10971>. New Scientist

(2007-01-17). Retrieved on 2007

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007>-01-17

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_17>.

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^/*b*/

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^/*c*/

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_ref-abcnews_2>

" DCA: Cancer Breakthrough or Urban Legend? "

<http://abcnews.go.com/Health/CancerPreventionAndTreatment/story?id=2848454 & page\

=1>.

From ABC News <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_News>, 5 February

2007. Accessed 15 Feb 2007.

13. ^ ^/*a*/

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_ref-nowonderdrug_0>

^/*b*/

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_ref-nowonderdrug_1>

" No Wonder Drug "

<http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19325890.200-no-wonder-drug.html>,

letter to /New Scientist

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Scientist>/ from Ralph Moss

Lemont. Published February 3

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_3>, 2007

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007>. Accessed 16 Feb 2007.

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" Editorial: Gambling with your life "

<http://www.newscientist.com/channel/health/mg19325972.900-editorial-gambling-wi\

th-your-life.html>,

New Scientist, 31 March 2007

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Food & Drug Packaging, August, 2004

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Nature Reviews Drug Development, August 2004

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<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_ref-express_0>*

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<http://www.expressnews.ualberta.ca/article.cfm?id=8153>, by Ryan

Smith. From ExpressNews, a University of Alberta publication.

Published January 16 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_16>,

2007 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007>. Accessed 15 Feb 2007.

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<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_ref-DCA_Cancer_2_1>

" Long-used drug shows new promise for cancer

<http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20070117.wxhcancer17/BNStory\

/specialScienceandHealth/home> " ,

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<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail>, 2007-01-17.

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<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_17>.

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Kaufmann P, Engelstad K, Wei Y /et al./ (2006). " Dichloroacetate

causes toxic neuropathy in MELAS: a randomized, controlled

clinical trial " . /Neurology/ *66* (3): 324--30. PMID 16476929

<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=pubmed & dopt=Abstr\

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tml>

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act & list_uids=2318357>.

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Kurlemann G, Paetzke I, Moller H, Masur H, Schuierer G, Weglage J,

Koch HG (1995). " Therapy of complex I deficiency: peripheral

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act & list_uids=8582409>.

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Spruijt L, Naviaux RK, McGowan KA, Nyhan WL, Sheean G, Haas RH,

Barshop BA (2001). " Nerve conduction changes in patients with

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act & list_uids=11410919>.

24. *^ <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_ref-12>*

Oishi K, Yoshioka M, Ozawa R, Yamamoto T, Oya Y, Ogawa M, Kawai M

(2003). " Dichloroacetate treatment for adult patients with

mitochondrial disease " . /Rinsho Shinkeigaku/ *43* (4): 154--61.

PMID 12892050

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act & list_uids=12892050>.

25. *^ <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_ref-13>*

Andrea Sands. " Experts caution against patients compiling own data

on unapproved cancer drug

<http://www.canada.com/topics/news/national/story.html?id=80b15f9d-cb4a-46a0-a4b\

c-f1a4ddea60d3 & k=56245> " ,

Edmonton Journal, March 18, 2007.

26. *^ <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_ref-14>*

Cancer therapy: When all else fails, Linda Geddes

<http://www.newscientist.com/channel/health/mg19325973.800-cancer-therapy-when-a\

ll-else-fails.html>.

New Scientist <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Scientist> (28

March 2007).

27. *^ <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid#_ref-_0>*

Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Sep;114(9):1457-63 PMID 16966105

<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=pubmed & dopt=Abstr\

act & list_uids=16966105>

(free full text

<http://www.ehponline.org/members/2006/8692/8692.html>)

 

 

[edit

<http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dichloroacetic_acid & action=edit & secti\

on=8>]

External links

 

* International Chemical Safety Card 0868

<http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/\

_icsc08/icsc0868.htm>

* CTV.ca News Staff. " Small molecule offers hope for cancer

treatment

<http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20070116/cancer_dca_070116/\

20070116> " ,

/CTV.ca Website/, CTV television network

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CTV_television_network>, 16 January

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_16> 2007

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007>. Retrieved on 2007

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007>-01-31

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_31>. (in English)

* Evangelos Michelakis and Stephen Archer. " Researchers launch

website on new cancer research

<http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20070120/DCA_feature_070121\

/20070122?hub=Health> " ,

/CTV.ca Website/, CTV television network

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CTV_television_network>, 22 January

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_22> 2007

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007>. Retrieved on 2007

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007>-01-31

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_31>. (in English)

* DCA Reseach Information Website

<http://www.depmed.ualberta.ca/dca/> (University of Alberta

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Alberta> and the

Alberta Cancer Board)

* Wait for Clinical Trials

<http://www.newscientisttech.com/article/mg19325920.400-wait-for-clinical-trials\

..html>,

New Scientist, 24 February 2007

* Questions over DCA 'cancer drug'

<http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/news/behindtheheadlines/dca/>,

by Cancer Research UK

 

 

 

 

 

 

[Guest guest]

Sender: ullasweden James Coghlan – New Scientist January 17, 2007 It sounds almost too good to be true: a cheap and simple drug thatkills almost all cancers by switching off their "immortality". Thedrug, dichloroacetate (DCA), has already been used for years to treatrare metabolic disorders and so is known to be relatively safe. It also has no patent, meaning it could be manufactured for a fractionof the cost of newly developed drugs. More ... http://www.thetruthseeker.co.uk/article.asp?ID=5867 Love and Peace «¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»Paranormal_Research - Scientific Data, Health Conspiracies & Anything Strange Paranormal_ResearchSubscribe:... Paranormal_Research-