Jump to content
IndiaDivine.org

Dairy related health concerns

Rate this topic


Guest guest

Recommended Posts

Guest guest

Dairy related health concerns

JoAnn Guest

Jul 11, 2006 14:17 PDT

 

 

 

 

 

 

Allergies

 

Vague gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, such as abdominal pain,

bloating, gas, and diarrhea, that are not caused by serious disease

can sometimes be triggered by food sensitivities.

In one double-

blind trial, people with vague GI problems believed to be caused by

dairy were given dairy to see how their bodies would react. These

people were not lactose intolerant.

 

Various indicators of immunity changed as a result of the dairy

challenge, showing their bodies were reacting to the dairy in an

abnormal way. However, the indicator of a true dairy allergy (milk-

specific immunoglobulin E) was normal in most of these people.

 

This

study suggests that vague GI symptoms unrelated to serious disease

can be caused by food sensitivities that reflect neither lactose

intolerance nor true allergies.

 

Atherosclerosis

 

The most important dietary changes in protecting arteries from

atherosclerosis include avoiding dairy fat.

 

A decrease in atherosclerosis resulting from a pure vegan diet (no

animal products, including dairy), combined with exercise and stress

reduction, has been proven by medical research.

 

Bronchitis

 

Food allergies (e.g., to milk and other dairy products) may be

triggers in some cases of chronic bronchitis. Some doctors believe

that dairy products can increase mucus production, and that people

suffering from either acute or chronic bronchitis should therefore

limit their intake of dairy products.

 

Cancer

 

High-fat diets also increase the risk of mammary cancer in animals.

Moreover, breast cancer patients have been reported to reduce their

chances of survival by eating a diet high in saturated fat.

(Saturated fat is found mostly in meat and dairy fat.)

 

In the debate over whether dietary fat increases breast cancer

risks, only one fact is indisputable: women in countries that

consume high amounts of meat and dairy fat have a high risk of

breast cancer, while women in countries that mostly consume rice,

soy, vegetables, and fish (instead of dairy fat and meat) have a low

risk of breast cancer.

 

Some, but not all, preliminary studies report that consumption of

saturated fat in both meat and dairy fat correlates with the risk of

lung cancer, even among nonsmokers. Lung cancer risk appears

directly related to consumption of foods containing saturated fat––

not just from consumption of well-cooked meat. In one trial that was

unable to find an association between lung cancer risk and total

saturated fat intake, people consuming skim milk nonetheless had a

50 percent reduction in risk compared with people drinking whole-fat

milk.

 

The risk of prostate cancer correlates with consumption of dietary

fat from country to country, a finding supported by some, but not

all, preliminary trials. Research findings from these studies are

inconsistent regarding whether the association is limited to meat

fat or whether it also extends to dairy fat.

 

In one study, prostate cancer patients consuming the most saturated

fat (from meat and dairy) and followed for over five years had over

three times the risk of dying from prostate cancer compared with men

consuming the least amount of saturated fat. Many doctors recommend

that men wishing to reduce their risk of prostate cancer should

reduce their intake of meat and dairy fat.

 

Cardiovascular disease

 

A diet high in fruits and vegetables, fiber, and possibly fish

appears protective against heart disease, while high intake of

saturated fat (found in meat and dairy fat) may contribute to heart

disease.

 

Chronic candidiasis

 

Based on their clinical experience and on very preliminary research,

several doctors have suggested that a number of dietary factors may

promote the overgrowth of Candida. The most important of these

factors are claimed to be high intakes of sugar, milk, and other

dairy products, foods with a high content of yeast or mold (e.g.,

alcoholic beverages, cheeses, dried fruits, and peanuts), and foods

that individual patients are allergic to. However, few clinical

trials have investigated whether these dietary factors affect people

with conditions for which Candida albicans is the causative agent.

 

Celiac disease

 

Some people with celiac disease may be intolerant to cows' milk.

 

Cold sores

 

Although people with Herpes simplex infections reportedly consume

about the same amount of arginine and lysine in their diet as do

people without cold sores, it is conceivable that adjusting the

intake of these amino acids might be beneficial. For that reason,

many doctors advise individuals with cold sores to avoid foods with

high arginine-to-lysine ratios, such as nuts, peanuts, and

chocolate. Nonfat yogurt and other nonfat dairy can be a healthful

way to increase lysine intake.

 

Colic

 

Allergies play a role in symptoms of some colicky infants. If the

child is fed with formula, the problem may be an intolerance to milk

proteins from a cows' milk–based formula. Switching to a soy formula

may ease colic in such cases. Infants who are sensitive to both milk

and soy can be given a hypoallergenic formula containing extensively

hydrolyzed proteins. However, some children are sensitive to even

these formulas.

 

If a child is breast-fed, certain foods in the mother's diet may

provoke an allergic reaction in the child. Cows' milk consumed by a

breast-feeding mother has been shown in some, but not all, studies

to trigger colic in breast-fed infants. Cows' milk proteins have

been found at higher levels in milk from breast-feeding mothers with

colicky infants than mothers with non-colicky infants. A double-

blind study of colicky infants (either bottle-fed or breast-fed)

showed that changing to a low-allergenic formula or restricting the

mother's diet to exclude certain allergy-triggering foods (such as

milk and dairy products) significantly reduced colic symptoms in the

infants. A physician can help determine which foods in breast-

feeding mothers may be contributing to colic.

 

Constipation

 

A double-blind trial found that chronic constipation and problems

associated with it can be triggered by intolerance to cows' milk in

two-thirds of constipated infants studied. Symptoms went away in

most infants kept from consuming cows' milk. These results were

confirmed in two subsequent, preliminary trials. The possibility

exists that constipation occurring in adults and/or constipation

triggered by other food allergies might also sometimes be

responsible for chronic constipation in some individuals. If other

approaches do not help, these possibilities can be discussed with a

physician.

 

Crohn's disease

 

A high-animal-protein and high-fat diet (from foods other than fish)

has been linked to Crohn's disease in preliminary research. As with

many other health conditions, it may be beneficial to eat less meat

and dairy fat and more fruits and vegetables.

 

One study found that people with Crohn's disease are most likely to

react to cereals, dairy, and yeast. Some cheeses are high in

histamine, which is secreted during an allergenic response. People

with Crohn's disease lack the ability to break down histamine at a

normal rate, so it is possible the link reported to dairy may not be

coincidental. However, the allergy theory cannot account for all, or

even most, cases of Crohn's disease. Some diets containing intact

proteins derived from dairy have proven effective at controlling the

symptoms of Crohn's disease.

 

Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH)

 

A milk-free diet may improve symptoms of dermatitis herpetiformis,

according to preliminary studies. In these studies, intake of milk

products intensified symptoms of DH in two patients despite

adherence to a gluten-free diet; however, the combination of a milk-

free and gluten-free diet was effective.

 

Diabetes

 

Vegetarians have been reported to have a low risk of type 2

diabetes. When people with diabetic nerve damage switch to a vegan

diet (no meat, dairy, or eggs), improvements have been reported

after several days. In one trial, pain completely disappeared in 17

of 21 people. Fats from meat and dairy also cause heart disease, the

leading killer of people with diabetes.

 

Diets high in fat, especially saturated fat, worsen glucose

tolerance and increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, an effect that

is not simply the result of weight gain caused by eating high-fat

foods. Saturated fat is found primarily in meat, dairy fat, and

poultry skins and dark meat.

 

Worldwide, children whose dietary energy comes primarily from dairy

products have a significantly higher chance of developing type 1

diabetes than do children whose dietary energy comes primarily from

vegetable sources. Countries with high milk consumption have a high

risk of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. Animal research

indicates that avoiding milk affords protection from type 1

diabetes. Milk contains a protein related to a protein in the

pancreas, the organ where insulin is made. Some researchers believe

that children who are allergic to milk may develop antibodies that

attack the pancreas, causing type 1 diabetes Several studies have

linked cows' milk consumption to the occurrence of type 1 diabetes

in children. One reason for the conflicting results of the research

may be that different genetic strains of cows' milk protein (casein)

are associated with different levels of risk. Some children who

drink cows' milk produce antibodies to the milk; it has been

hypothesized these antibodies can cross-react with and damage the

insulin-producing cells of the pancreas.

 

Immune problems in people with type 1 diabetes have been tied to

other allergies as well, and the importance of focusing only on the

avoidance of dairy products remains unclear. Preliminary studies

have found that early introduction of cows'-milk formula feeding

increases the risk of developing type 1 diabetes, although

contradictory results have also been published. A study of 821

Finnish children (including 435 full-term children with diabetes)

showed that early introduction of cows'-milk formula feeding (before

three months of age vs. after three months of age) was associated

with increased risk of type 1 diabetes. This research supports

abstaining from dairy products in infancy and early childhood,

particularly for children with a family history of type 1 diabetes.

Recent research also suggests a possible link between milk

consumption in infancy and an increased risk of type 2 (non-insulin-

dependent) diabetes.

 

Diarrhea

 

People who are lactose intolerant—meaning they lack the enzyme

needed to digest milk sugar—often develop diarrhea after consuming

milk or ice cream. People whose lactose intolerance is the cause of

diarrhea may rid themselves of the problem by avoiding milk and ice

cream or, in many cases, by taking lactase, the enzyme needed to

digest lactose.

 

Cheese rarely has enough lactase to cause symptoms in lactose

intolerant people.

 

Allergies and food sensitivities are common triggers for diarrhea.

For example, some infants suffer diarrhea when fed cows' milk–based

formula but improve when switched to soy-based formula. People with

chronic diarrhea not attributable to other causes should discuss the

possibility of food sensitivity with a doctor.

 

Ear infection

 

The incidence of allergy among children with recurrent ear

infections is much higher than among the general public. In one

study, more than half of all children with recurrent ear infections

were found to be allergic to foods. Removing those foods led to

significant improvement in 86 percent of the allergic children

tested. Other reports show similar results. In one preliminary

study, children who were allergic to cows' milk were almost twice as

likely to have recurrent ear infections as were children without the

allergy.

 

Eczema

 

Eczema can be triggered by allergies. Most children with eczema have

food allergies, according to data from double-blind research. A

doctor should be consulted to determine if allergies are a factor.

Once the trigger for the allergy has been identified, avoidance of

the allergen can lead to significant

improvement.However, " classical " food allergens (e.g., cows' milk,

egg, wheat, soy, and nuts) are often not the cause of eczema in

adults.

 

Fibrocystic breast disease

 

Fibrocystic disease has been linked to excess estrogen. When those

with fibrocystic disease are put on a low-fat diet, their estrogen

levels decrease. After three to six months, the pain and lumpiness

also decrease. The link between fat and symptoms appears to be most

strongly related to saturated fat. Foods high in saturated fat

include meat and dairy products. Fish, nonfat dairy, and tofu are

possible replacements.

 

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

 

Infants who suffer from GERD may have a true allergy to cows' milk.

Some small studies estimate that milk allergy is a cause in about 20

percent of infants with GERD, but a larger study of 204 infants with

GERD diagnosed cows' milk allergies in 41 percent. For these

infants, reflux symptoms improved with elimination of milk products

from the diet. Some researchers advise a trial of cows' milk-

elimination in all infants suffering from GERD.

 

Heart attacks

 

Dietary fat independently affects heart attack risk. The Nurses'

Health Study found that eating foods high in saturated fats (e.g.,

dairy fat) was directly associated with a higher incidence of

nonfatal heart attacks and deaths from coronary heart disease.

 

Many doctors tell people trying to reduce their risk of heart

disease to use olive oil instead of butter; and nonfat yogurt, milk,

and even cheese instead of full- or reduced-fat versions of the same

foods.

 

Relatively high blood levels of calcium—sometimes a marker for high

vitamin D intake—have been associated with high risk of heart

attacks in Sweden. However, high dietary vitamin D intake in Sweden

often comes from high-fat dairy products, so the high calcium levels

might simply reflect diets higher in dairy fat and have nothing to

do with vitamin D.

 

High cholesterol

 

Eating animal foods containing saturated fat is linked to high

cholesterol levels and heart disease. Significant amounts of animal-

based saturated fat are found in meat, cheese, butter, ice cream,

and all other forms of dairy products not labeled " fat free. "

 

Unlike other dairy foods, skimmed milk, nonfat yogurt, and nonfat

cheese are essentially fat-free. Dairy products labeled " low fat "

are not particularly low in fat. A full 25 percent of calories from

2 percent milk come from fat. (The " 2% " on labels refers to the

fraction of volume filled by fat, not the more important percent of

calories coming from fat.)

 

Vegans (people who eat no meat, dairy, or eggs) have the lowest

cholesterol levels, and switching from a standard diet to a vegan

diet has been reported to reverse heart disease.

 

High triglycerides

 

People with high triglycerides are typically advised to reduce their

weight and limit the consumption of processed foods, simple sugars,

alcohol, and saturated fats (such as those found in butter, whole

milk, cream, ice cream and other dairy products).

 

Hives

 

Allergy to foods and food additives is a common cause of hives,

especially in chronic cases. Foods reported to trigger hives most

often include milk, cheese, and other dairy products.

 

Hypertension

 

In the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) trial,

increasing intake of fruits and vegetables (and therefore fiber) and

reducing cholesterol and dairy fat led to large reductions in blood

pressure (in medical terms, 11.4 systolic and 5.5 diastolic) in just

eight weeks.

 

Indigestion

 

Conventional treatment includes the avoidance of problem foods,

including fatty foods and milk.

 

Lactose intolerance can cause many digestive problems, including

gas, cramps, and diarrhea; in such cases, ingesting the enzyme

lactase (which digests lactose) before consuming dairy products may

prevent the development of these symptoms. Probiotics, such as

Lactobacillus acidophilus, promote healthy digestion. Enzymes

secreted by probiotic bacteria also aid digestion. The amount of

probiotics taken depends on the strain of bacteria used, as well as

the concentration of viable organisms in it.

 

Insomnia

 

Food allergy may contribute to insomnia. In a trial involving eight

infants, chronic insomnia was traced to an allergy to cows' milk;

avoidance of milk resulted in a normalization of sleep patterns.

 

Intermittent claudication

 

Important dietary changes for preventing atherosclerosis (and,

consequently, intermittent claudication) include avoiding dairy fat.

 

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

 

The conventional treatment for IBS includes limiting intake of dairy

products. Preliminary evidence suggests that some people with IBS

have greater trouble absorbing lactose (milk sugar). In one report,

restricting intake of lactose and other problem sugars led to

reduction in symptoms in 40 percent of people with IBS. Therefore,

when attempting to uncover food sensitivities, people with IBS

should consider the possibility that milk, fruit juice, and dried

fruit might trigger symptoms.

 

Double-blind research has shown that when people with IBS and

lactose intolerance are put on a lactose-free diet, their IBS

symptoms are relieved. Alternatively, lactase enzyme may be used

prior to consuming milk.

 

Kidney stones

 

Increased levels of urinary calcium increase the risk of kidney

stone formation. Consumption of animal protein from dairy products

can increase urinary calcium. Perhaps it is for this reason that

animal protein has been linked to an increased risk of forming

stones, and that vegetarians have been reported to be at lower risk

for stone formation.

 

Lactose intolerance

 

Lactose intolerance is the impaired ability to digest lactose (the

naturally occurring sugar in milk). The enzyme lactase is needed to

digest lactose, and a few children and many adults do not produce

sufficient lactase to digest this milk sugar; the condition is rare

in infants. In people with lactose intolerance, consuming foods

containing lactose results in cramps, gas, and diarrhea.

 

Only one-third of the population worldwide retains the ability to

digest lactose into adulthood. Most adults of Asian, African, Middle

Eastern, and Native American descent are lactose intolerant. In

addition, half of Hispanics and about 20 percent of Caucasians do

not produce sufficient lactase as adults.

 

A simple test for lactose intolerance is to drink at least two 8-

ounce (240-ml) glasses of milk on an empty stomach and note any

gastrointestinal symptoms that develop in the next four hours; the

test should then be repeated using several ounces of cheese (which

does not contain much lactose). If symptoms result from milk but not

cheese, then the person has lactose intolerance. If symptoms occur

with both milk and cheese, the person may be allergic to dairy

products (very rarely, lactose intolerance can be so severe that

even eating cheese will cause symptoms).

 

A lactose-free diet is the most effective means of controlling the

symptoms of lactose malabsorption in a person with lactase

deficiency. However, some lactose-intolerant people can tolerate

milk that has been predigested by the addition of lactase enzyme.

For individuals who must avoid dairy products, doctors often

recommend that the diet be supplemented with calcium.

 

Although symptoms of lactose intolerance are triggered by the

lactose in some dairy products, few lactose-intolerant individuals

need to avoid all dairy. Dairy products have varying levels of

lactose, which affects how much lactase is required for proper

digestion. Milk, ice cream, and yogurt contain significant amounts

of lactose—although for complex reasons yogurt often doesn't trigger

symptoms in lactose-intolerant people. In addition, lactose-reduced

milk is available in some supermarkets and can be used by lactose-

intolerant people.

 

Supplemental sources of the enzyme lactase can be used to prevent

symptoms of lactose intolerance when consuming lactose-containing

dairy products. Lactase drops can be added to regular milk 24 hours

before drinking to reduce lactose levels. Lactase drops, capsules,

and tablets can also be taken directly, as needed, immediately

before a meal that includes lactose-containing dairy products. The

degree of lactose intolerance varies by individual, so a greater or

lesser amount of lactase may be needed to eliminate symptoms of

lactose intolerance.

 

Ménière's disease (MD)

 

Ménière's Disease is associated with allergies to airborne

particles, mold, and food in some individuals, according to many

preliminary reports. In one preliminary study, 50 percent of

participants with MD reported known food or inhalant allergies. In a

controlled study, participants with MD who underwent allergy

treatment, including avoiding foods suspected of provoking allergic

reactions, reported statistically significant improvement in

tinnitus, vertigo, and hearing. In this study, the most common food

allergies were to wheat and soy. Most participants also had

allergies to milk, corn, egg, and yeast.

 

Migraine

 

Some individuals with migraines have been reported to improve after

removing all cows' milk protein from their diet. When lactose

intolerance was present, it was found to be strongly correlated with

improvement in migraine for those adhering to that diet.

 

Morning sickness

 

In a Harvard study, women with a high intake of saturated fat (found

mainly in meat and dairy) during the year prior to pregnancy had a

much higher risk of severe morning sickness than did women eating

less saturated fat. An increase in saturated fat intake of 15 grams

per day (the equivalent of 3 cups of whole milk) was associated with

a greater than threefold increase in the risk of developing morning

sickness.

 

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

 

In one report by Dr. Roy Swank, a leading researcher linking dietary

fat to MS risk and progression, a low-fat diet was recommended to

150 people with MS. Although hydrogenated oils, peanut butter, and

animal fat (including fat from dairy) were dramatically reduced or

eliminated, 5 grams per day of cod liver oil were added and linoleic

acid from vegetable oil was used. After 34 years, 31 percent of

people consuming an average of 17 grams of saturated fat per day

died compared with 79% of those who ate an average of 25 grams of

saturated fat per day. People who began to follow the low-fat diet

early in the disease did better than those who changed their eating

habits after the disease had progressed.

 

Despite research showing improvement with a low-fat diet in some

people with MS, the link between foods containing animal fat and MS

risk may not necessarily be due to the fat itself. Preliminary

evidence from one report revealed an association between eating

dairy foods (cows' milk, butter, and cream) and an increased

prevalence of MS, yet in the same report, no link was found between

(high fat) cheese and MS.

 

Osteoporosis

 

The effect of dairy products on the risk of osteoporosis-related

fractures is subject to controversy. According to a review of 46

studies, different dairy products appear to have different effects

on bone density and fracture rates. Milk, especially nonfat milk,

probably does more good than harm because of its relatively lower

protein and salt content (factors which contribute to urinary loss

of calcium), and its high calcium content.

 

Pancreatic insufficiency

 

A few preliminary reports suggest that food allergy may cause some

cases of acute pancreatitis.

 

Food allergies identified in these cases included milk and several

other foods. No research has investigated the possible role of food

allergy in other causes of pancreatic insufficiency.

 

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

 

A PKU diet is low in protein, providing no more than the minimum

amount of phenylalanine needed by the body. All high-protein foods,

including dairy products, are usually eliminated.

 

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

 

Several studies suggest that diets low in fat or high in fiber may

help to reduce symptoms of PMS. Many doctors recommend diets very

low in meat and dairy fat and high in fruit, vegetables, and whole

grains.

 

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

 

Strictly vegetarian diets that are also very low in fat (including

dairy fat) have been reported to reduce RA symptoms.

 

Food sensitivities develop when pieces of intact protein in food are

able to cross through the intestinal barrier.

 

Many patients with RA have been noted to have increased intestinal

permeability, especially when experiencing symptoms, and RA has been

linked to food allergies and sensitivities. In many people, RA

worsens when they eat foods to which they are allergic or sensitive,

and improves when these foods are avoided.

 

In one study, the vast majority of RA patients had elevated levels

of antibodies to milk, wheat, or both, suggesting a high incidence

of allergy to these substances.

 

English researchers have reported that one-third of people with RA

may be able to control their disease completely through allergy

elimination. Identification and elimination of symptom-triggering

foods should be done with the help of a physician.

 

Rickets

 

Dietary changes should only be considered if a medical professional

has diagnosed rickets and determined the cause is a simple

nutritional deficiency. Rickets is more likely to occur in a child

consuming a pure vegan diet (that does not include sources of

vitamin D) than in a child consuming milk or other animal foods,

which contain the vitamin.

 

The few foods that contain vitamin D include egg yolks, butter,

vitamin D–fortified milk, fish liver oil, breast milk, and infant

formula.

Calcium, in addition to being present in breast milk and formula, is

found in dairy products, sardines, salmon (canned with edible

bones), green leafy vegetables, and tofu.

Pure vegetarians may use supplements instead dairy as sources for

both calcium and vitamin D.

 

Schizophrenia

 

For many years there has been speculation that certain dietary

proteins may contribute to the symptoms of schizophrenia. Gluten, a

protein from wheat and some other grains, and to a lesser extent

casein, a dairy protein, have been the targets of research on food

sensitivities as contributors to schizophrenia.

 

Schizophrenic patients have been shown to be more likely to have

immune-system reactions to these proteins than the general

population. A preliminary trial of a gluten-free/dairy-free diet

found that patients with schizophrenia improved on the diet and had

shorter hospital stays than those eating normal diets.

The results of double-blind trials, however, have been inconsistent.

The gluten-free/dairy-free diet improved responses to medications in

one controlled trial. These improvements were lost and symptoms of

schizophrenia were exacerbated when gluten was reintroduced in

a " blinded " fashion. Another clinical trial found similar positive

responses in only 2 of 24 patients.

 

In one clinical trial, improvement occurred when gluten was blindly

reintroduced. These results suggest that some, but not all, people

with schizophrenia may benefit from a gluten-free/dairy-free diet.

 

Seborrheic dermatitis

 

A preliminary report suggested that an allergy elimination diet for

an infant maybe useful in the treatment of cradle cap. The most

common offending foods identified were milk and wheat. More research

is needed to confirm the value of this approach in the treatment of

cradle cap.

 

Stroke

 

The influence of dietary fat on the risk of stroke is not as clear

as it is for heart disease risk. Some recent reports suggest an

association between increased fat intake, including saturated fat

(primarily found in meat and dairy), and a decreased stroke risk.

These unexpected findings may be due to unique dietary conditions in

the country studied (Japan) or due to flaws in study design. Other

evidence suggests the opposite relationship—that people consuming

more saturated fat are at higher risk of stroke.

 

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

 

Consuming fewer calories, less fat, and foods low in phenylalanine

and tyrosine (prevalent in high-protein foods, such as meat and

dairy) might be helpful for people suffering from lupus, according

to animal and preliminary human studies.

 

Casein, the main protein in cows' milk, has immune-reactive

properties.

This might explain why some people with SLE have been reported to be

intolerant of milk products. Although there are several published

case reports of patients with SLE showing clinical improvement after

avoiding allergenic foods, additional research is needed to

determine the importance of allergies as a cause of SLE. People with

SLE who wish to explore whether allergies are contributing to their

condition should consult a doctor.

 

Weight loss

 

Foods with a high proportion of calories from fat should be

eliminated from the diet or limited.

 

http://www.vitaminshoppe.com/learning/healthguide/healthguide_content

..jhtml?relativePath=%2Fcontent%2Fhealthnotes%2FFood_Hbc%

2FDairy_Foods_Hbc.htm & title=Dairy+Foods%

2C+Health+Benefits+and+Concerns

 

 

JoAnn Guest

mrsjoguest

http://lists.topica.com/lists/AlternativeOptions/read

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Join the conversation

You are posting as a guest. If you have an account, sign in now to post with your account.
Note: Your post will require moderator approval before it will be visible.

Guest
Reply to this topic...

×   Pasted as rich text.   Paste as plain text instead

  Only 75 emoji are allowed.

×   Your link has been automatically embedded.   Display as a link instead

×   Your previous content has been restored.   Clear editor

×   You cannot paste images directly. Upload or insert images from URL.

Loading...
×
×
  • Create New...