Medline references on Crataegus / Hawthorn: Part 2

[Guest guest]

Hi All, & Hi Ihor,

 

See other abstracts (from Medline, today) below.

 

Best regards,

Phil

 

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Other (less relevant) Medline data (from today's search) on

Crataegus were:

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

 

Ahmed AA, Khattab AM, Grace MH, Sahl MM. | A new

eudesmanolide from Crataegus flava fruits. | Fitoterapia. 2001

Nov;72 (7):756-9. | Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,

El-Minia University, 61519, El-Minia, Egypt.

abdellaahmed | A new eudesmanolide, 1beta,9alpha-

dihydroxyeudesm-3-en-5beta,6alpha,7alpha,11alphaH-12,6-olide

(1), was isolated from Crataegus flava Fr. Its structure was

determined by spectroscopic methods. | PMID: 11677013 [PubMed

- indexed for MEDLINE]

 

Bernatoniene J, Bernatoniene R, Jakstas V, Malinauskas F,

Brusokas V. | [Production technology and analysis of blood

circulation improving tincture] [Article in Lithuanian] | Medicina

(Kaunas). 2003;39 Suppl 2:76-9. | Faculty of Pharmacy, Kaunas

University of Medicine, A. Mickeviciaus 9, 3000 Kaunas, Lithuania.

| This article deals with the production of the tincture of Ginkgo

biloba leaves, Crataegus Fr and Leonurus herbs while selecting an

extractant, the size of particles in a raw material and possible

methods of extraction.The optimal composition of ethanol 70%, the

particle size of Ginkgo biloba leaves and Crataegus Fr 2-3 mm of

Leonurus herbs. The method of production - percolation, the flow

speed 0.5 ml/min. The tincture was analyzed at determination of

the sum of flavonoids in terms of quercetin, dry residue, relative

density, ethanol concentration. The quality of the tincture was

evaluated by high-pressure liquid chromatography and

spectrophotometry. The stability of the tincture and its expiry date

were fixed. | PMID: 14617864 [PubMed - in process]

 

Chang Q, Zuo Z, Harrison F, Chow MS. | Hawthorn. | J Clin

Pharmacol. 2002 Jun;42 (6):605-12. | School of Pharmacy,

Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, SAR,

PRC. | A review with 54 references covers all aspects of hawthorn,

the genus Crataegus, including its traditional uses, chemical

constituents, pharmacological activities, and clinical effects. The

effectiveness of hawthorn on the treatment of cardiovascular

diseases has received extensive attention worldwide. However,

further research on various areas such as pharmacokinetics,

mechanism of actions will be necessary to ensure its safe and

effective usage. | PMID: 12043949 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

Chen HB, Jiang JL, Yu L, Gao GY. | [Comparisons of

pharmacological effect and LD50 among four kinds of Hawthorn

fruit] [Article in Chinese] | Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 1994

Aug;19 (8):454-5, 510. | Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,

Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing. | Four kinds of

Hawthorn Fr, namely Large Chinese Hawthorn, Chinese Hawthorn,

Nippon Hawthorn and Yunnan Hawthorn, were compared in animal

experiments. Their effects on small intestine motion, myocardial

ischemia and hypercholesterolemia have been found different from

each other. | PMID: 7980856 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

Chen Z. | [Clinical study of 96 cases with chronic hepatitis B

treated with jiedu yanggan gao by a double-blind method] [Article in

Chinese] | Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1990 Feb;10 (2):71-4, 67. |

Dept. of Hepatic Diseases, Beijing TCM Hospital. | This paper

reported 96 cases with chronic hepatitis B treated by a double-

blind method. There were 51 cases of observation group (OG) and

45 cases of control group (CG). OG was treated with Jiedu

Yanggan Gao consisting of Artemisia capillaris, Taraxacum

mongolicum, Plantago S, Cephalanoplos segetum, Hedyotis

diffusa, Flos Chrysanthemi Indici, Smilax glabra, Astragalus

membranaceus, Salviae miltiorrhizae, Fr Polygonii Orientalis, Rx

Paeoniae Alba, Polygonatum sibiricum, etc.). CG was prescribed

with three charred medicinal herbs (charred Fr Crataegi, charred

Fructrus Hordei Germinatus, charred fermented mixture of several

medical herbs and wheat bran). The average duration of treatment

was five months. All 96 cases belong to the virus-duplication-type

with positive HBsAg for over one year. Among them 65.5% of

cases HBeAg, DNAP and HBV-DNA were positive. 20.8% of cases

were positive in two out of the above tests. 13 data were compared

statistically between two groups, and proved to be comparable (P

greater than 0.05) before treatment. 27.3% and 66.7% of cases'

ALT, AST returned to normal respectively in OG after treatment.

However, in CG they were 9.1% and 22.2% (P<.05). TTT returned

to normal in 52% cases of OG and 44% in CG (P greater than

0.05). 20% cases HBeAg shifted to negative in OG, but 6.7% in

CG. Cases with negative DNAP in OG occupied 34.2%, but 10.8%

in CG. 31.6% cases' HBV-DNA changed to negative in OG, while

17.6% in CG. After comprehensive judgement, the total effective

rate was 74.5% in OG and 24.4% in CG respectively (P<.001).

Eight cases were basically cured in OG and one case in CG. After

one year's follow-up, one recurred in eight patients of OG, however

the only one cured in CG still relapsed. | Publication Types:

Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial PMID: 2364464 [PubMed -

indexed for MEDLINE]

 

De Smet PA, Bonsel G, Van der Kuy A, Hekster YA, Pronk MH,

Brorens MJ, Lockefeer JH, Nuijten MJ. | Introduction to the

pharmacoeconomics of herbal medicines. | Pharmacoeconomics.

2000 Jul;18 (1):1-7. | Scientific Institute Dutch Pharmacists, The

Hague, The Netherlands. pdesmet | This article explores

the need to perform pharmacoeconomic evaluations of herbal

medicines and assesses the extent to which this approach has

been applied so far to these products. There seems to be no

compelling need for pharmacoeconomic analyses of herbal over-the-

counter medicines, but such analyses are certainly warranted for

herbal prescription medicines that have a high level of

reimbursement. Such preparations are used in Germany, in

particular, where physicians prescribed ginkgo, hawthorn, St John's

wort, horse-chestnut and saw palmetto to a value of more than

DM50 million each in 1996. In our survey, only a single

pharmacoeconomic study, of uncertain quality, was found on these

5 herbs, whereas several pharmacoeconomic reports on synthetic

competitors were retrieved. The time has come to submit highly

reimbursed herbal prescription medicines to the same rigorous

pharmacoeconomic evaluations as their synthetic competitors. At

present, such studies are particularly important for Germany, but in

the future they may also become relevant for other countries, inside

as well as outside Europe. | PMID: 11010600 [PubMed - indexed

for MEDLINE]

 

Ding X, Jiang Y, Zhong Y, Zuo C. | [Chemical constituents of the

leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N. E. Br.] [Article in

Chinese] | Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 1990 May;15 (5):295-7,

319. | Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical

Sciences, Jinan. | Compounds were isolated from the aqueous

extract of the leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida var. major and seven

of them were identified as 2- (4-hydroxybenzyl)malic acid,

quercetin, hyperin, vitexin, rhamnosylvitexin, diethylamine

hydrochloride and sorbitol respectively by UV, IR, NMR, MS, some

chemical techniques by comparison with the standard spectra of

known compounds. | PMID: 2275782 [PubMed - indexed for

MEDLINE]

 

Fan Y, Yang CQ, Yang LJ, Zhang H, Dong JW. | [integrated control

of pests injuring Chinese hawthorn Crataegus pinatifida Bge. var.

major N.E.Br. by nonpollution techniques] [Article in Chinese] |

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 1992 Nov;17 (11):651-4, 701. |

Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of

Medical Sciences, Beijing. | Field experiments on integrated

control of pests injuring Chinese hawthorn by some nonpollution

techniques including agricultural biological and physical methods,

were carried out in Xinglong County, Hebei Province during 1989-

1991. Satisfactory results were obtained. Compared with synthetic

pesticides, the new techniques improve the control effect by 30%-

60% generally, increase the number of natural enemies by 51.26%-

68.51%, and enhance the yield by 47.58%. The test shows that

the hawthorns from the field treated by the new techniques are

either free of pesticide residual or with a residual 500-1000 times

less than the residual standard fixed by FAO/WHO or the state. |

PMID: 1301749 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

Fugh-Berman A. | Herbs and dietary supplements in the prevention

and treatment of cardiovascular disease. | Prev Cardiol. 2000

Winter;3 (1):24-32. | George Washington University School of

Medicine, Department of Health Care Sciences, Washington, DC

20037. | Herbs and dietary supplements can have significant

physiological effects. Garlic (Allium sativum) has shown beneficial

lipid effects in a majority of trials; dried garlic preparations are

superior to oil preparations. Preliminary evidence indicates that

hawthorn (Crataegus species) may provide benefits in congestive

heart failure. Coenzyme Q also may be of benefit in congestive

heart failure. Although observational studies indicate a protective

effect of dietary or supplemental vitamin E, controlled trails have

not shown a beneficial effect on angina and have been mixed on

whether supplementation decreases major cardiac events.

Although several observational studies have noted that fish intake

protects against cardiovascular disease, prospective studies are

less impressive. Fish oil supplementation may have a mild

beneficial effect on hypertension, but there is no effect on total

cholesterol levels. Trials are inconsistent on whether fish oil

reduces restenosis rates following coronary angioplasty. Carnitine

appears to have beneficial effects on congestive heart failure and

angina; there is also preliminary evidence that arginine may benefit

patients with congestive heart failure or angina. Herbs and

supplements have been associated with adverse effects and

interactions; for example, garlic inhibits platelet aggregation and

can cause significant anticoagulation, and the Chinese herb

Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) appears to potentiate warfarin. Several

herbs and supplements hold promise as adjuncts in the prevention

and treatment of cardiovascular disease. There is a need for

definitive research on the potential risks and benefits of these

compounds, including appropriate dosages and formulations, and

delineation of adverse events and interactions. ©2000 by CHF,

Inc. | PMID: 11834913 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

 

Gavagan T. | Cardiovascular disease. | Prim Care. 2002 Jun;29

(2):323-38, vi. | Department of Family and Community Medicine,

Baylor College of Medicine, 5510 Greenbriar, Houston, TX 77005,

USA. tgavagan | The primary care physician is in a

position to advise patients on the efficacy of alternative and

complementary therapies as they relate to cardiovascular

diseases. Anti-oxidant vitamin supplementation has not been

shown to be efficacious in decreasing cardiovascular events. N-3

fatty acids appear to be beneficial in secondary prevention of

cardiovascular events but their use in primary prevention is not

clear. Adoption of vegetable-based diets, including whole grains,

can be recommended to decrease cardiovascular events, lower

cholesterol and help lower blood pressure. For patients with

hypercholesterolemia, cholestin, a red-yeast rice supplement, has

been shown to be effective. Garlic supplements may have some

mild cholesterol-lowering effect, but this effect is not significant

enough to recommend clinically. Herbal therapies with hawthorn

and ubiquinone (Q10) are of possible benefit in congestive heart

failure. An integrated program of rigorous diet, exercise and stress

reduction in motivated patients with cardiovascular disease may

have value as an alternative to cardiovascular medications and

surgical interventions. | Publication Types: Review Review, Tutorial

PMID: 12391714 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

Hamburger M, Baumann D, Adler S. | Supercritical carbon dioxide

extraction of selected medicinal plants--effects of high pressure

and added ethanol on yield of extracted substances. | Phytochem

Anal. 2004 Jan-Feb;15 (1):46-54. | Institute of Pharmacy, University

of Jena, Semmelweisstrasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany.

b7hama | The possibilities and limitations of

supercritical fluid extraction of natural products of low, medium and

high polarity under very high pressure and with polar modifiers has

been investigated. The medicinal herbs marigold (Calendula

officinalis), hawthorn (Crataegus sp.) and chamomile (Matricaria

recutita) were used as models in this study. Extraction profiles and

the spectra of extractable metabolites were recorded following

extraction with mixtures of carbon dioxide:ethanol of varying

proportions (0-20% ethanol) and at various pressures in the range

300-689 bar. Components were identified by HPLC-PAD-MS or GC-

MS and quantified by HPLC or GC as appropriate. Extraction

yields under the varying conditions depended to a large extent on

the profiles of secondary metabolites present in the three drugs.

Whereas the extractability of lipophilic compounds increased

substantially at pressures above 300 bar, the yields of polyphenolic

and glycosidic compounds remained low even at 689 bar and with

20% modifier in the extraction fluid. | PMID: 14979527 [PubMed - in

process]

 

Hauser SP, Allewelt MC. | [Regazell-Energen: bioactivator in tumor

treatment? Documentation No. 26 D] [Article in German] |

Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax. 1996 Dec 17;85 (51-52):1652-5. |

Studiengruppe uber Methoden mit unbewiesener Wirkung in der

Onkologie, Schweizerische Krebsliga. | Regazell-Energen (RE) is a

combination of drinking vials which contain royal jelly, ginseng,

hawthorn, wheatgerm extract solved in mead, and capsules filled

with mixed pollen. RE is recommended for revitalization and

regeneration, regulation and stimulation of the immune system and

in the early metaphylaxis of treated cancer patients. Two courses

during 40 days per year should be taken. RE has practically no

side effects. Only individuals with pollen allergy or alcohol

intolerance should be cautious. A package for a 14-day course

costs 170 Swiss francs. RE is produced by Bio-Naturkraft in Poing,

Munich, and research is supported by the German Society for

Matrix Research. The president is Prof. H. Heine from the Institute

of Anatomy of the anthroposophic University Witten-Herdecke. The

bioactivator RE ist claimed to be a 'new, autonomous therapeutic

system' to 'increase physical and mental well-being ... helping to

overcome stress and immune defects'. Heine claims that RE acts

decisively on the 'regulation of the matrix' and fights cancer by

activating the fibroblast-macrophage system via the healthy tissue.

The three clinical investigations on the effect of RE in the

oncological aftercare contain severe flaws in the collection of data

and interpretation. | PMID: 9026878 [PubMed - indexed for

MEDLINE]

 

Jakstas V, Janulis V, Labokas J, Bernatoniene J, Brusokas V,

Malinauskas F, Benetis R. | [Phytochemical research of hawthorn

species introduced in Lithuania] [Article in Lithuanian] | Medicina

(Kaunas). 2003;39 Suppl 2:80-4. | Department of Pharmaceutical

Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Kaunas University of Medicine, A.

Mickeviciaus 9, Kaunas, Lithuania. farmakog,

valdas.jakstas | The natural vegetable resources of

Republic of Lithuania can be supplied by imported hawthorn

species, subspecies and varieties, not growing naturally in the

territory of country, but well growing and able to produce the crude

drug with local conditions of the climate. OBJECTIVE. Determinate

amounts of phenolic substances (favonoid glycosides and phenolic

acids) in the flowers and leaves of collected species of genus

Crataegus and Crataegomespilus. MATERIALS AND METHODS.

Different examples of crude drug from some Lithuanian regions

were extracted with 96% of ethanol and flavonoids were detected

spectroscopically and with HPLC (High performance liquid

chromatography). RESULTS. In leaves and flowers of samples of

Crataegus and Crataegomespilus were found different amounts of

flavonoids (1.07-2.53%) and different individual substances:

flavonoids (hyperosid, vitexin-O-rhamnosid, rutin, quercitrin,

quercetin, vitexin) and phenolic acids (chlorogenic and caffeic

acids). Flowers and leaves of hawthorn species, introduced in

Lithuania, can be used for preparation of crude drugs

procurements; the marks of phytochemical compounds of

phenotypes from different genetic lines are sufficient grounds for

planning of production of crude drug with special phytotherapeutic

influences. | PMID: 14617865 [PubMed - in process]

 

Miller AL. | Botanical influences on cardiovascular disease. | Altern

Med Rev. 1998 Dec;3 (6):422-31. | Alternative Medicine Review.

P.O. Box 25, Dover, ID 83825, USA. alan | 7

botanicals, including Crataegus oxycantha, Terminalia arjuna, Inula

racemosa, and Astragalus membranaceus, have therapeutic

benefit in cardiovascular disease. Crataegus oxycantha has been

used traditionally as a cardiac tonic and current uses include

treatment for angina, hypertension, arrhythmias, and congestive

heart failure. Animal studies have also indicated that Crataegus

extracts may also have potential use as anti-ischemic and lipid-

lowering agents. Cx Terminaliae arjunae has a long history of use

as a cardiac tonic as well, and has been indicated to treat coronary

artery disease, heart failure, hypercholesterolemia and for relief of

anginal pain. Additionally, it has been found to have antibacterial

and antimutagenic properties. Inula racemosa, also known as

Pushkarmoola, is another traditional Ayurvedic botanical that has

potential cardioprotective benefit. In human trials, a combination of

Inula racemosa and Commiphora mukul was shown to be superior

to nitroglycerin in reducing the chest pain and dyspnea associated

with angina. Astragalus membranaceus, a Chinese herb, is often

used as a " Qi tonifier " and has been studied for its therapeutic

benefit in treatment of ischemic heart disease, myocardial

infarction, heart failure, and relief of anginal pain. Clinical studies

have indicated that its in vitro antioxidant activity is the mechanism

by which it affords its cardioprotective benefit. | Publication Types:

Review Review, Tutorial PMID: 9855567 [PubMed - indexed for

MEDLINE]

 

Miller LG. | Herbal medicinals: selected clinical considerations

focusing on known or potential drug-herb interactions. | Arch Intern

Med. 1998 Nov 9;158 (20):2200-11. Comment in: Arch Intern Med.

1999 May 24;159 (10):1142-3. Arch Intern Med. 1999 Sep 13;159

(16):1957-8. | Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas Tech

University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo 79121, USA. | Herbal

medicinals are being used by an increasing number of patients who

typically do not advise their clinicians of concomitant use. Known

or potential drug-herb interactions exist and should be screened

for. If used beyond 8 weeks, Echinacea could cause hepatotoxicity

and therefore should not be used with other known hepatoxic

drugs, such as anabolic steroids, amiodarone, methotrexate, and

ketoconazole. However, Echinacea lacks the 1,2 saturated necrine

ring associated with hepatoxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may negate the usefulness of

feverfew to treat migraine headaches. Feverfew, garlic, Ginkgo,

ginger, and ginseng may alter bleeding time and should not be

used concomitantly with warfarin sodium. Additionally, ginseng

may cause headache, tremulousness, and manic episodes in

patients treated with phenelzine sulfate. Ginseng should also not

be used with estrogens or corticosteroids because of possible

additive effects. Since the mechanism of action of St John wort is

uncertain, concomitant use with monoamine oxidase inhibitors and

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors is ill advised. Valerian should

not be used concomitantly with barbiturates because excessive

sedation may occur. Kyushin, licorice, plantain, uzara Rx,

hawthorn, and ginseng may interfere with either digoxin

pharmacodynamically or with digoxin monitoring. Evening primrose

oil and borage should not be used with anticonvulsants because

they may lower the seizure threshold. Shankapulshpi, an Ayurvedic

preparation, may decrease phenytoin levels as well as diminish

drug efficacy. Kava when used with alprazolam has resulted in

coma. Immunostimulants (eg, Echinacea and zinc) should not be

given with immunosuppressants (eg, corticosteroids and

cyclosporine). Tannic acids present in some herbs (eg, St John

wort and saw palmetto) may inhibit the absorption of iron. Kelp as

a source of iodine may interfere with thyroid replacement therapies.

Licorice can offset the pharmacological effect of spironolactone.

Numerous herbs (eg, karela and ginseng) may affect blood glucose

levels and should not be used in patients with diabetes mellitus. |

Publication Types: Review Review, Tutorial PMID: 9818800

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

Ploss O, Petereit F, Nahrstedt A. | Procyanidins from the herb of

Hypericum perforatum. | Pharmazie. 2001 Jun;56 (6):509-11. |

Institut fur Pharmazeutische Biologie und Phytochemie,

Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat, Munster, Germany. | From the

aqueous acetone extract of the herb of Hypericum perforatum the

flavanols catechin (1) and epicatechin (2), and the procyanidins A2

(9), B1 (3), B2 (4), B3 (5), B5 (6), B7 (7) and C1 (8) were isolated.

Their structures were established as their peracetate derivatives, on

the basis of chemical and spectral evidence. The 13C NMR

spectrum of the higher molecular weight polymer fraction revealed a

3',4'-dihydroxylated B-ring oxidation pattern and the 2,3-cis relative

stereochemistry of the constituent flavan-3-ol units. The mean

average molecular size of the polymers was estimated to be 4 to 5

flavan-3-ol units. The procyanidin pattern in comparison to that of

Crataegus species is briefly discussed. | PMID: 11446175

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

Tu Z, Han X, Wang X, Hou Y, Shao B, Wang X, Zhou Q, Fan Q. |

Protective effects of CVPM on vascular endothelium in rats fed

cholesterol diet. | Clin Chim Acta. 2003 Jul 1;333 (1):85-90. |

Reproductive Immunology Laboratory, Nanjing University Medical

School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, PR China. | The cardiovascular

protective mixture (CVPM) is a concoction of nine Chinese

traditional medicines: Danshen Rx, Szechwan lovage Rz, Chinese

angelica, Hawthorn Fr, Safflower, Peach S, Red peony Rx,

earthworm, and membranous milkvetch Rx. These medicines are

used to cure cardiovascular disease in China. METHODS: Animal

models were established by feeding the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats

with lipid-rich forage. Serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density

lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured. Malondialdehyde

(MDA) content was determined to monitor lipid peroxidation. The 6-

keto-prostaglandin F (1alpha) (6-keto-PGF (1alpha)) concentration

was measured by radioimmunoassay to investigate the content of

prostacyclin (PGI (2)). Electron microscope (JEM-1200EX) was

used to observe the microstructure of the vascular endothelium.

Rat aortic endothelial cell was cultured to investigate the effect of

CVPM on vascular endothelial cell in vitro. RESULTS: CVPM

inhibited the accumulation of TC, LDL-C, and MDA in vivo, when

the rats were fed with cholesterol diet. CVPM promoted

synthesizing and excreting of PGI (2), since it is capable of

activating the proliferation of vascular endothelium in vitro. Electron

micrographs showed that CVPM had notable protective effect on

the vascular endothelium and prevented the shedding of these cells

from subendothelial layer. CVPM could ameliorate the internal

environment in which vascular endothelial cells lived, and activate

the proliferation of these cells. Through these mechanisms, CVPM

protect vascular endothelial cell from being harmed by excess

cholesterol in vivo. | PMID: 12809739 [PubMed - indexed for

MEDLINE]

 

Vierling W, Brand N, Gaedcke F, Sensch KH, Schneider E, Scholz

M. | Investigation of the pharmaceutical and pharmacological

equivalence of different Hawthorn extracts. | Phytomedicine. 2003

Jan;10 (1):8-16. | Institut fur Pharmakologie und Toxikologie der

Technischen Universitat Munchen, Germany.

wolfgang.vierling | 7 Hawthorn extracts were

tested in isolated guinea pig aorta rings. The effect on

noradrenaline- (10 microM) induced contraction was investigated.

The extracts were prepared using ethanol (40 to 70% v/v), methanol

(40 to 70% v/v), and water as the extraction solvents. The aqueous-

alcoholic extracts displayed similar spectra of constituents. They

were characterised by similar procyanidin, flavonoid, total vitexin

and total phenols content and by similar TLC fingerprint

chromatograms. The aqueous extract, however, showed a different

fingerprint and a noticeably lower concentration of procyanidins,

flavonoids and total phenols but a similar total vitexin content. All 7

extracts had a relaxant effect on the aorta precontracted by

noradrenaline and led to relaxations to 44 until 29% of the initial

values. The EC50 values of the aqueous-alcoholic extracts varied

between 4.16 and 9.8 mg/l. The aqueous extract produced a

similarly strong maximal relaxation as the other extracts, but the

EC50, at 22.39 mg/l, was markedly higher. The results show that

Hawthorn extracts with comparable quality profiles were obtained

by using aqueous-alcoholic extraction solvents (40 to 70% ethanol

or methanol). The extracts exerted comparable pharmacological

effects. When using water as the extraction solvent, both, the

spectrum of constituents and the pharmacological effect, deviated

remarkably. It is thus possible to obtain bioequivalent extracts with

comparable effect profiles by using 40-70% ethanol or methanol as

the solvent. | PMID: 12622458 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

Wagner H. | Phytomedicine research in Germany. | Environ Health

Perspect. 1999 Oct;107 (10):779-81. | Centre of Pharma Research,

Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Munich, Germany.

H.Wagner | In Germany since 1980, more

than 300 clinical studies have been carried out with standardized

phytopharmaceuticals, including Crataegus, Silybum, Ginkgo,

Hypericum, Sabal, Urtica, Kava-Kava, Allium sativum, Valeriana,

Aesculus, Echinacea, and Viscum drugs. These studies assessed

the efficacy of phytopharmaceuticals for the treatment of moderate

or moderately severe diseases and prevention. Several comparative

clinical trials showed that these phytopharmaceuticals had full

therapeutic equivalence with chemotherapeutics and had the

simultaneous advantage of being devoid of any adverse effects. The

mechanism of action of herbal drugs and their extract preparations,

which differ in many respects from that of synthetic drugs or mono

substances, can be characterized as a polyvalent action and

interpreted as additive or, in some cases, potentiating. Currently, a

rationale for the observed reversal effects and optimal effects with

very low doses after a long-term application has not been

developed, but is under investigation by systematic research at the

molecular level. | PMID: 10504142 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

Walker AF, Marakis G, Morris AP, Robinson PA. | Promising

hypotensive effect of hawthorn extract: a randomized double-blind

pilot study of mild, essential hypertension. | Phytother Res. 2002

Feb;16 (1):48-54. | Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, School of

Food Biosciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO

Box 226, Reading RG6 6AP, UK.

A.F.Walker | This was a pilot study to

investigate the hypotensive potential of hawthorn extract and

magnesium dietary supplements individually and in combination,

compared with a placebo. Thirty-six mildly hypertensive subjects

completed the study. At baseline, anthropometric and dietary

assessment, as well as blood pressure measurements were taken

at rest, after exercise and after a computer 'stress' test. Volunteers

were then randomly assigned to a daily supplement for 10 weeks of

either: (a) 600 mg Mg, (b) 500 mg hawthorn extract, © a

combination of (a) and (b), (d) placebo. Measurements were

repeated at 5 and 10 weeks of intervention. There was a decline in

both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in all treatment groups,

including placebo, but ANOVA provided no evidence of difference

between treatments. However, factorial contrast analysis in

ANOVA showed a promising reduction (p = 0.081) in the resting

diastolic blood pressure at week 10 in the 19 subjects who were

assigned to the hawthorn extract, compared with the other groups.

Also, a trend towards a reduction in anxiety (p = 0.094) was also

observed in those taking hawthorn compared with the other groups.

These findings warrant further study, particularly in view of the low

dose of hawthorn extract used. Copyright 2002 John Wiley & Sons,

Ltd. | Publication Types: Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial

PMID: 11807965 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

Yesilada E, Ustun O, Sezik E, Takaishi Y, Ono Y, Honda G. |

Inhibitory effects of Turkish folk remedies on inflammatory

cytokines: interleukin-1alpha, interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis

factor alpha. | J Ethnopharmacol. 1997 Sep;58 (1):59-73. | Gazi

University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey. | In this study, in

vitro inhibitory effects of 55 extracts or fractions obtained from 10

plant species on interleukin-1 (IL-1alpha, IL-1beta) and tumor

necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) biosynthesis were studied. The

following plant materials from Turkish folk medicine for the

treatment of various diseases which are thought to be inflammatory

in nature e.g. rheumatism, fever, infections, edemas or related

inflammatory diseases were selected as the subject of this study:

Cistus laurifolius leaves, Clematis flammna flowering herbs,

Crataegus orientalis Rx, Daphne oleoides ssp. oleoides whole

plant, Ecbalium elaterium Rx, Rosa canina Rx, Rubus discolor Rx,

Rubus hirtus Rx, Sambucus ebulus flowers and leaves, Sambucus

nigra flowers and leaves. All plants showed inhibitory activity

against at least one of these models in various percentages

depending upon the concentration, thus supporting the folkloric

utilization. Daphne oleoides was found to be the most active plant

against the test models. | PMID: 9324006 [PubMed - indexed for

MEDLINE]

 

Zbinden S, Seiler Ch. | [Phytotherapy in cardiovascular medicine]

[Article in German] | Ther Umsch. 2002 Jun;59 (6):301-6. |

Schweizer Herz- und Gefasszentrum Bern, Universitatsspital, Bern.

| There is widespread use of herbal medicine in patients suffering

from cardiovascular diseases. The discussion about the benefit of

these drugs is still controversial because of lack of scientific

evidence. Ginkgo biloba, Crataegus and Garlic are often

recommended substances for patients with cardiovascular

diseases. For these substances there are many data available from

experimental and clinical studies, unfortunately not always

adhering to the criteria of evidence based medicine. Extracts from

ginkgo biloba contain several active constituents, mainly flavonoids

and terpens, which have antioxidative properties and an inhibitory

effect on platelet aggregation by inhibiting platelet activation factor

PAF. Ginkgo is mainly used in vascular dementia and peripheral

vascular disease. Garlic shows a modest lipid-lowering effect in the

same range as a low-cholesterol diet. Effect on blood pressure

seems to be at best minor. Crataegus is often used in patients with

heart failure because of its positive inotropic effect. Additionally,

crataegus acts as an antiarrhythmic substance by prolonging

refractory period of the action potential. | PMID: 12125179 [PubMed

- indexed for MEDLINE]

 

Zitkevicius V, Savickiene N, Abdrachmanovas O, Ryselis S,

Masteikova R, Chalupova Z, Dagilyte A, Baranauskas A. |

[Estimation of maximum acceptable concentration of lead and

cadmium in plants and their medicinal preparations] [Article in

Lithuanian] | Medicina (Kaunas). 2003;39 Suppl 2:117-21. |

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy,

Kaunas University of Medicine, A. Mickeviciaus 9, 3000 Kaunas,

Lithuania. farmkurs | Heavy metals (lead, cadmium) are

possible dashes which quantity is defined by the limiting

acceptable contents. Different drugs preparations: infusions,

decoctions, tinctures, extracts, etc. are produced using medicinal

plants. The objective of this research was to study the impurities of

heavy metals (lead, cadmium) in medicinal plants and some drug

preparations. MATERIALS AND METHODS. We investigated liquid

extracts of Fr Crataegus monogyna Jacq. and herbs of Echinacea

purpurea Moench., tinctures - of herbs Leonurus cardiaca L. The

raw materials were imported from Poland. Investigations were

carried out in cooperation with the Laboratory of Antropogenic

Factors of the Institute for Biomedical Research. Amounts of lead

and cadmium were established after " dry " mineralisation using

" Perkin-Elmer Zeeman/3030 " model electrothermic atomic

absorption spectrophotometer (ETG AAS/Zeeman). It was

established that lead is absorbed most efficiently after estimation

of absorption capacity of cellular fibers. About 10.73% of lead

crosses tinctures and extracts, better cadmium - 49.63%. Herbs of

Leonurus cardiaca L. are the best in holding back lead and

cadmium. About 14.5% of lead and cadmium crosses the tincture

of herbs Leonurus cardiaca L. We estimated the factors of heavy

metals (lead, cadmium) in the liquid extracts of Crataegus

monogyna Jacq. and Echinacea purpurea Moench., tincture of

Leonurus cardiaca L. after investigations of heavy metals (lead,

cadmium) in drugs and preparations of it. The amounts of heavy

metals (lead, cadmium) don't exceed the allowable norms in Fr of

Crataegus monogyna Jacq., herbs of Leonurus cardiaca L. and

Echinacea purpurea Moench. after estimation of lead and cadmium

extraction factors, the maximum of acceptable daily intake and the

quantity of drugs consumption in day. | PMID: 14617871 [PubMed -

in process]

 

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The following 19 titles on Crataegus had no abstract available on Medline:

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

 

[No Authors Listed] | A hedge against heart failure? | Harv Heart Lett. 2003

Aug;13 (12):5. | | | Publication Types: News PMID: 12936886 [PubMed - indexed

for MEDLINE]

 

[No Authors Listed] | Crataegus oxycantha. Common name: hawthorne. | Altern

Med Rev. 1998 Apr;3 (2):138-9. | | | PMID: 9577250 [PubMed - indexed for

MEDLINE]

 

[No Authors Listed] | [Crataegus in cardiac insufficiency--taking a current

position] [Article in German] | Internist (Berl). 1993 Dec;34 (12 Suppl):1-8.

| | | PMID: 9211664 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

[No Authors Listed] | [Even in advanced heart failure, hawthorn improves

physical capacity] [Article in German] | MMW Fortschr Med. 2003 Jan 16;145

(1-2):52. | | | Publication Types: News PMID: 12638441 [PubMed - indexed for

MEDLINE]

 

Baughman Kl, Bradley DJ. | Hawthorn extract: is it time to turn over a new

leaf? | Am J Med. 2003 Jun 1;114 (8):700-1. Comment on: Am J Med. 2003 Jun

1;114 (8):665-74. | | | Publication Types: Comment Editorial PMID: 12798462

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

Bohlau V, Bohlau E, Gabler H. | [The hawthorn preparation Crataegut--an

up-to-date phytotherapeutic agent] [Article in German] | Ther Ggw. 1967

Dec;106 (12):1591-2 passim. | | | PMID: 5622112 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

Chrubasik S. | Evidence of the effectiveness of hawthorn extract. | Am J Med.

2003 Nov;115 (7):585; author reply 585-6. Comment on: Am J Med. 2003 Jun 1;114

(8):665-74 | | | Publication Types: Comment Letter PMID: 14599643 [PubMed -

indexed for MEDLINE]

 

De Smet PA. | Herbal remedies. | N Engl J Med. 2002 Dec 19;347 (25):2046-56.

Comment in: N Engl J Med. 2002 Dec 19;347 (25):1997-8. N Engl J Med. 2003 Apr

10;348 (15):1498-501; author reply 1498-501. | Scientific Institute Dutch

Pharmacists, The Hague, The Netherlands. pdesmet | | Publication

Types: Review Review, Tutorial PMID: 12490687 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

Decaux F, Boursier B. | [Phytotherapy in insomnia] [Article in French] | Gaz

Med Fr. 1963 Jun 10;70:2041-52. | | | PMID: 14026291 [PubMed - OLDMEDLINE for

Pre1966]

 

Dennehy C. | Botanicals in cardiovascular health. | Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2001

Dec;44 (4):814-23. | University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.

cathi | | Publication Types: Review Review, Tutorial PMID:

11600862 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

Eaton LI, Kinkade S. | Hawthorn extract improves chronic heart failure. | J

Fam Pract. 2003 Oct;52 (10):753-4. | Department of Family and Community

Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.

eatonlj | | PMID: 14529593 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

Kiseleva TL. | [The use of hawthorn preparations in medicine] [Article in

Russian] | Med Sestra. 1990 Oct;49 (10):40-4. | | | PMID: 2287206 [PubMed -

indexed for MEDLINE]

 

Wachsmuth R. | [Medicinal herbs (Crataegus oxyacantha).] [Article in German] |

Med Klin (Munich). 1958 May 9;53 (19):846-7. | | | PMID: 13551845 [PubMed -

OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966]

 

Wang Sl, Li YD, Zhao Q. | [Effects of Crataegus pinnatifidae, Astragalus

memoranaceus and Acanthopanax senticosus on cholesterol metabolism in the

guinea pig] [Article in Chinese] | Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1987 Aug;7

(8):483-4, 454. | | | PMID: 3436014 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

Xie ML. | [Progress in the experimental research of Salvia militiorrhiza,

Fructus Crataegi and their effective components against atherosclerosis]

[Article in Chinese] | Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1997 Dec;17

(12):756-8. | | | Publication Types: Review Review, Tutorial PMID: 10322825

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

Zapatero JM. | Selections from current literature: effects of hawthorn on the

cardiovascular system. | Fam Pract. 1999 Oct;16 (5):534-8. | Department of

Family Medicine, University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794,

USA. | | PMID: 10533953 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

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