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RE: Subjective Dx in Studies

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> It would be impossible to calibrate the

> practitioners in a study for pulse dx without at least a full day of

> orientation, but this may be worth it. Since herbal texts rarely get into

> extremely nuanced pulsetaking, herbal studies should be similarly

> structured in this regard. Give researchers a few set variables to define

> in the pulse rather making a freeform pulse dx. It is easier to calibrate

> for things like superficial vs. deep, forceful vs. forceless, fast vs.

> slow, irregular vs, regular than it is for things like wiry, slippery and

> choppy.

 

While I agree with your statements, it is also important to note that even an

orientation is inadequate. To fully answer objections to TCM Dx as the

foundation of a study, there needs to be pilot studies showing that those

participating in the study have acceptable degrees of inter-rater agreement.

Recording the tongue images, an excellent idea in itself, is appropriate to

opening the study to review, however, it too must be supported by evidence

that the tongue interpretations are inter-rater reliable. It is also critical

that the record keeping system by which the data is gathered and assessed

be reliable. There needs to be evidence that every clinical observation that

is a study variable but is not supported by exclusionary tests and standard

measures can be reported reliably by the assessors.

 

Bob

 

Robert L. Felt bob

Paradigm Publications www.paradigm-pubs.com

202 Bendix Drive 505 758 7758

Taos, New Mexico 87571

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, " Robert L. Felt " <bob@p...> wrote:

 

>

> While I agree with your statements, it is also important to note that even an

> orientation is inadequate.

 

I only meant adequate to calibrate, not to actually verify inter-rater

reliability.

 

To fully answer objections to TCM Dx as the

> foundation of a study, there needs to be pilot studies showing that those

> participating in the study have acceptable degrees of inter-rater agreement.

 

 

I used to feel this way and we have discussed it here at length. Yet the NIH

keeps approving OM studies, none of which address this issue. And in

critiques of studies already done, this concern is also rarely heard. I believe

eventually this critique will be raised as the opposition keeps moving the

goalposts. But it does not seem an impediment to getting funding or

acceptance of study results at the current time.

 

Ironically, this should be a much larger concern than the sham issue. I think

part of the reason no one is touching this issue yet is because so little of the

subjective aspect of WM is inter-rater reliable. WM sidesteps this issue to

some extent by moving more and more away from subjective assessment as a

basis of dx. Yet subjective assessment remains vital to WM practice and no

one wants to raise theissue of how often doctors are wrong. Unless we also

plan to make this move towards diagnostic objectivity, we will have to

inevitably address this matter. Personally, I consider tongue dx to be pretty

objective as long as paramaters are predefined. It is pretty easy to agree on

what you see as long as people aren't colorblind. It is really the pulse alone

that presents a challenge in modern TCM dx.

 

But I wonder if we can ever satisfactorily address this matter of subjective

dx and thus must necessarily move in the direction of objective

confirmations. I believe this is why TCM downplays the pulse. The reason is

that even if we can calibrate a group of researchers and prove that this

calibrated group can demonstrate inter-rater reliability, this still proves

nothing about the safety and efficacy of standard practice in TCM. If TCM is

the defacto standard in the US, then everyone is trained to make a TCM

diagnosis. That means you should be able to throw ten random px in a room

and get them all in the same ballpark.

 

You show ten cardiologists the same EKG and you get some honest differences

of opinion, but it is also clear that they are looking at the same thing. Lines

of differing length on a graph. On the other hand, it is often just as clear to

me that my interns are not sensing what I sense (and not that I am necessarily

right, but just that agreement on tactile stimuli has proven very unreliable

compared to visual in perception studies). But if one person says choppy and

another says slippery, the image in each mind is quite different. It is if they

are looking at different EKG's. This is quite different than two people saying

slippery and still coming up with a different dx based upon differing

experience with pattern differentiation. At least they are " looking " at the

same thing.

 

Since this type of inter-rater reliability requires calibration before a study

(while tongue and questioning only require defined parameters, IMO), the

question would immediately be raised after a study as to why one should trust

an uncalibrated practitioner. In other words, if only a calibrated researcher

can make a reliable dx, then that discredits most acupuncturists in practice if

they cannot make the required dx w/o calibration. could be a windfall for

pulse workshops. :-)

 

I would suggest that if no one demands we calibrate and verify inter-rater

reliability, that doing so in studies might work against us. If we show that

defined standard parameters lead to effective tx even in the absence of

verified inter-rater reliability, then we do not limit the application of the

results to calibrated px only. I suspect that studies that demonstrate the

requirement of standardized calibration for effective tx will meet great

resistance in our anything goes field. On the other hand, the demonstrated

need for well calibrated diagnostic skills could strengthen the case for

extensive training in traditinal oriental medical theory and the superiority of

thusly trained px. If we prove calibration is necessary, everyone is gonna

need some CEUs and add a national pulse calibration test to the boards, right?

 

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Todd-

 

>I used to feel this way and we have discussed it here at length. Yet the NIH

>keeps approving OM studies, none of which address this issue. And in

>critiques of studies already done, this concern is also rarely

>heard. I believe

>eventually this critique will be raised as the opposition keeps moving the

>goalposts. But it does not seem an impediment to getting funding or

>acceptance of study results at the current time.

 

While it may be true that not speaking to inter-rater reliability is

not an impediment to getting funding by the NIH, it is an impediment

to getting an understanding of the reality of pattern discrimination.

And unless we start to make headway in demonstrating the veracity of

pattern differentiation, we will not be saying much about TCM as TCM,

but only making claims about the ability of acupuncture or herbs to

change patient complaints and/or their lab values.

 

>Ironically, this should be a much larger concern than the sham issue. I think

>part of the reason no one is touching this issue yet is because so

>little of the

>subjective aspect of WM is inter-rater reliable. WM sidesteps this issue to

>some extent by moving more and more away from subjective assessment as a

>basis of dx. Yet subjective assessment remains vital to WM practice and no

>one wants to raise theissue of how often doctors are wrong. Unless we also

>plan to make this move towards diagnostic objectivity, we will have to

>inevitably address this matter. Personally, I consider tongue dx to be pretty

>objective as long as paramaters are predefined. It is pretty easy to agree on

>what you see as long as people aren't colorblind. It is really the

>pulse alone

>that presents a challenge in modern TCM dx.

 

This maybe true, in the fact that there is currently little

inter-rater reliability, but maybe that is because there is no

standard terminology, as Bob Flaws likes to point out. Maybe in

training people using fewer variables of pulse, using standard

terminology, could lead to greater reliability. Has this been

studied well by people yet? Maybe it wouldn't be so hard to do.

Assess inter-rater reliability before hand, then train and calibrate

the px, and assess their reliability again.

 

-Steve

--

Stephen Bonzak

<smb021169

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There needs to be evidence that every clinical observation that

is a study variable but is not supported by exclusionary tests and standard

measures can be reported reliably by the assessors.

>>>>>>The next step will be to study these signs to see if they actually

correlate to clinical ideas, i.e., do they really mean what they are said to

Alon

 

 

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At 7:12 PM +0000 4/5/04, wrote:

>WM sidesteps this issue to

>some extent by moving more and more away from subjective assessment as a

>basis of dx. Yet subjective assessment remains vital to WM practice and no

>one wants to raise theissue of how often doctors are wrong. Unless we also

>plan to make this move towards diagnostic objectivity, we will have to

>inevitably address this matter. Personally, I consider tongue dx to be pretty

>objective as long as paramaters are predefined. It is pretty easy to agree on

>what you see as long as people aren't colorblind. It is really the

>pulse alone

>that presents a challenge in modern TCM dx.

--

 

 

 

I feel this debate has strayed prematurely (yet again) into the

dichotomy of objectivity v subjectivity with regard to pulse

diagnosis. If students are poorly trained, by teachers who are unable

or unwilling to train them well, we can't even know whether

subjectivity is a real issue in inter-rater unreliability. Here's a

story:

 

Eighteen months ago I went with a group to Nanchang for a two week

program. One of our professors was a highly respected expert on the

SHL/JGYL, and was also recognized as a pulse " master " . I was able to

spend one morning with him in clinic, during which time we saw about

40 patients. I recorded my pulse findings for every patient I could,

about 20 of them. We were told the professor's pulse findings in

every case, and my identification of qualities agreed with his in

every case; ie 100%.

 

This professor was trained in a distant place, by teachers who have

no common heritage with any teachers I have had, as far as I could

tell, other than the literature and standards of the tradition in

general. About the only other thing we have in common is that we have

both been diligent in furthering our skills and knowledge; he more so

than I, I dare say.

 

Rory

--

 

 

 

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At 7:12 PM +0000 4/5/04, wrote:

>You show ten cardiologists the same EKG and you get some honest differences

>of opinion, but it is also clear that they are looking at the same

>thing. Lines

>of differing length on a graph. On the other hand, it is often just

>as clear to

>me that my interns are not sensing what I sense (and not that I am necessarily

>right, but just that agreement on tactile stimuli has proven very unreliable

>compared to visual in perception studies). But if one person says choppy and

>another says slippery, the image in each mind is quite different.

>It is if they

>are looking at different EKG's. This is quite different than two

>people saying

>slippery and still coming up with a different dx based upon differing

>experience with pattern differentiation. At least they are " looking " at the

>same thing.

>

>Since this type of inter-rater reliability requires calibration before a study

>(while tongue and questioning only require defined parameters, IMO), the

>question would immediately be raised after a study as to why one should trust

>an uncalibrated practitioner. In other words, if only a calibrated researcher

>can make a reliable dx, then that discredits most acupuncturists in

>practice if

>they cannot make the required dx w/o calibration. could be a windfall for

>>pulse workshops. :-)

--

 

 

As happy as I'd be if there was greater demand for pulse workshops,

this is not where the problem needs to be addressed. Standards issues

can only be addressed in the US schools of CM, in the basic training

of practitioners. Once practitioners are graduated and licensed, the

opportunity to set a professional standard is lost, except for the

tiny minority who decide to study further. The profession in the US

is largely made up of people with other priorities and interests than

becoming competent pulse takers.

 

Making a reliable diagnosis requires much more than the ability to

skillfully observe, palpate, listen/smell, and question. Those are

simply the ways in which we gather information. Good diagnosis

requires knowledge of medicine and of life, and experience. This is

often where the differences lie in diagnosis between different

practitioners. Even with your analogy of the EKG, the nurse, the GP,

and the experienced cardiologist, all of whom are trained to read

EKGs, bring very different levels of knowledge and experience to

their reading, and therefore often different conclusions. Even in the

absence of the patient, and other data about the patient, the

cardiologist will know things that the others won't; they will see

relationships the others miss. Likewise with pulse, or any other

method: an experienced and more expert practitioner will feel and and

be able to interpret sensations and relationships in the reading that

others don't even notice.

 

There are several people on this list (maybe including you, Todd),

who supervise clinic. My question for those of you do is, can your

students reliably identify pulse qualities during their training? if

not, why not? and what are you going to do about it?

 

Rory

--

 

At 7:12 PM +0000 4/5/04, wrote:

>You show ten cardiologists the same EKG and you get some honest differences

>of opinion, but it is also clear that they are looking at the same

>thing. Lines

>of differing length on a graph. On the other hand, it is often just

>as clear to

>me that my interns are not sensing what I sense (and not that I am necessarily

>right, but just that agreement on tactile stimuli has proven very unreliable

>compared to visual in perception studies). But if one person says choppy and

>another says slippery, the image in each mind is quite different.

>It is if they

>are looking at different EKG's. This is quite different than two

>people saying

>slippery and still coming up with a different dx based upon differing

>experience with pattern differentiation. At least they are " looking " at the

>same thing.

>

>Since this type of inter-rater reliability requires calibration before a study

>(while tongue and questioning only require defined parameters, IMO), the

>question would immediately be raised after a study as to why one should trust

>an uncalibrated practitioner. In other words, if only a calibrated researcher

>can make a reliable dx, then that discredits most acupuncturists in

>practice if

>they cannot make the required dx w/o calibration. could be a windfall for

>>pulse workshops. :-)

--

 

 

As happy as I'd be if there was greater demand for pulse workshops,

this is not where the problem needs to be addressed. Standards issues

can only be addressed in the US schools of CM, in the basic training

of practitioners. Once practitioners are graduated and licensed, the

opportunity to set a professional standard is lost, except for the

tiny minority who decide to study further. The profession in the US

is largely made up of people with other priorities and interests than

becoming competent pulse takers.

 

Making a reliable diagnosis requires much more than the ability to

skillfully observe, palpate, listen/smell, and question. Those are

simply the ways in which we gather information. Good diagnosis

requires knowledge of medicine and of life, and experience. This is

often where the differences lie in diagnosis between different

practitioners. Even with your analogy of the EKG, the nurse, the GP,

and the experienced cardiologist, all of whom are trained to read

EKGs, bring very different levels of knowledge and experience to

their reading, and therefore often different conclusions. Even in the

absence of the patient, and other data about the patient, the

cardiologist will know things that the others won't; they will see

relationships the others miss. Likewise with pulse, or any other

method: an experienced and more expert practitioner will feel and and

be able to interpret sensations and relationships in the reading that

others don't even notice.

 

There are several people on this list (maybe including you, Todd),

who supervise clinic. My question for those of you do is, can your

students reliably identify pulse qualities during their training? if

not, why not? and what are you going to do about it?

 

Rory

--

 

--

 

 

 

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At 3:47 PM -0500 4/5/04, Stephen Bonzak wrote:

>Maybe in training people using fewer variables of pulse, using standard

>terminology, could lead to greater reliability.

--

Stephen,

 

You bring up an important point. In my view the basic set of

variables we should train students to reliably identify are:

- rate

- rhythm

- depth

- width

- force

- hardness

 

These variables account for all the pulses of most patients. They

completely account for 18 of the 27 standard qualities. Even if

students were unable to identify the standard qualities, if they

understood the interpretation of these variables they could make an

adequate diagnosis. The remaining 9 qualities, including slippery and

choppy, and most of which are uncommon, have very distinctive

features in addition to the variables above that make them relatively

easy to identify by well trained students, in my experience.

 

Of course, this last point is where we come to the crux of the

matter. The quality of training in pulse diagnosis amongst, and even

within, US CM schools is highly variable, and for the most part

dismal. From what I've witnessed, clinical faculty often abdicate

their responsibility for ensuring that students can properly identify

pulses. There are several factors that seem to play into this

situation:

- time pressures created by high student & patient per supervisor ratios

- poorly trained supervisors who cannot reliably identify pulses

themselves, so obviously can't teach students

- inappropriate attitudes among supervisors such as the discounting

of the value of pulse diagnosis

- laziness of supervisors unwilling to check every patient's pulse

against student's findings

 

Rory

--

 

 

 

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, Rory Kerr <rorykerr@o...> wrote:

 

>

> There are several people on this list (maybe including you, Todd),

> who supervise clinic. My question for those of you do is, can your

> students reliably identify pulse qualities during their training? if

> not, why not? and what are you going to do about it?

 

 

It is an extremely tricky matter. PCOM is huge with 400 students just in SD

and over 70 faculty. I don't teach intro dx classes, so by the time students

arrive in clinic, they have already been indoctrinated in some teacher's

idiosyncracies on this matter. It is impossible for me to recalibrate the

students in clinic as they often grant more authority to whatever teacher

first taught them the material. this is understandable as I don't put myself

out as a pulsemaster, while many others do make that claim for themselves.

It is my position that clinic must be the hub of one's training. all academics

must feed into this hub like spokes on a wheel. the academic instructors

MUST take their cues from the clinical supervisors. It is absolutely ludicrous

to be trained in pulse by teachers who do no formal clinical supervision in the

school clinic.

 

the only solution I see is to make sure that teachers are calibrating students

to some clinical standard. But this necessarily means selecting a single

approach and setting others aside. This means some supervisors will have to

conform to something other than what they learned. and of course this all

makes a very strong case against eclectic education. If you have too many

conflicting influences, you end up learning nothing with confidence. I know

what people are thinking as they read this. that I am arguing for enforced

controls on TCM practice. Not at all. do as you please. Let the market and

research sort it out. I am talking merely about education and clinical training

for beginners.

 

Anyone who thinks CM can be presented to students with all its unresolved

contradictions from day one and result in anything but confusion has never

done much teaching. Once calibrated and standardized, people can go off in

any direction they please, but now possessed of a common language and

confident in their diagnostic reliability. Rampant eclecticism and MSU only

lead to an lack of confidence, endemic in recent grads. Ironically, japanese

acupuncture, which is often appealing to those who reject TCM as rigid and

dogmatic, is actually far more calibrated and standardized in the training

mode. If you don't feel the same thing in pulse and abdomen as your teacher

every time, you will never get anywhere in the world of meridian acupuncture.

 

While there is this myth that chinese docs easily embrace contradiction and

unresolved conflicts, I have not found this to be the case. My chinese

colleagues are actually more likely to embrace their own style ofpractice and

vehemently reject all other contradictory ideas. I think the plurality of

practice across chinese culture as a whole has been confused with the

practice of individuals. I do not find the typical chinese doc to be

pluralistic

at all. And I have no doubt that it is the least eclectic and most focused px

who get the best results. So while I have no problem with 100 schools

teaching 100 different styles, I think each school should likewise focus

narrowly.

 

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At 6:08 PM +0000 4/7/04, wrote:

>I don't teach intro dx classes, so by the time students

>arrive in clinic, they have already been indoctrinated in some teacher's

>idiosyncracies on this matter. It is impossible for me to recalibrate the

>students in clinic as they often grant more authority to whatever teacher

>first taught them the material. this is understandable as I don't put myself

>out as a pulsemaster, while many others do make that claim for themselves.

--

 

 

 

Thanks for your response. Please forgive me for commenting on your

personal situation, but I do so to illustrate a point.

 

On the issue of authority, and I wouldn't be too interested in who

the students grant authority to. While a student is under your

supervision, (and operating under your license), he or she is obliged

to follow your requirements. The 27/28 qualities are a well

established standard in all systems of Chinese medicine that I know

of, so to require a student to report their findings in those terms

is completely within bounds, regardless of what they might have

previously been taught. In fact, to not require this is to abdicate a

teaching responsibility, and is the reason so many practitioners

leave school not knowing their pulses, which is what we started out

complaining about. That's not to say they can't learn other methods,

but the basic qualities are just that, basic...and essential.

 

The solution to this is in our hands, both literally and figuratively.

 

Rory

 

 

--

 

 

 

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, Rory Kerr <rorykerr@o...> wrote:

The 27/28 qualities are a well

> established standard in all systems of Chinese medicine that I know

> of, so to require a student to report their findings in those terms

> is completely within bounds, regardless of what they might have

> previously been taught. In fact, to not require this is to abdicate a

> teaching responsibility, and is the reason so many practitioners

> leave school not knowing their pulses

 

I think perhaps I have not been clear. Students do indeed learn the textbook

definitions of the 28 pulses. that is not the issue at PCOM. It is that

certain

pulses have to be felt under supervision, not just decribed. Unless you feel

the wiry pulse under my supervision, you can have no idea what I am feeling

when I use the label wiry. Fast, slow, superficial, deep, irregular, no

problem,

but wiry, slippery and choppy are another ballgame, IMO. the problem arises

when other teachers have told students as they are feeling pulse that this one

is choppy and this other one is slippery. the students learn to associate the

feelings under their fingers with the label the teacher gives it. If I do not

agree with another teacher about which feeling gets which label, I do not see

how I can convince the student that I am right. the fact is that I don't really

know that I am right and others are wrong. Ionly know that I was calibrated

differently than my colleagues.

 

so unless we all have a priori agreement about what certain pulses feel like,

not just their textbook description, I do not think calibration can be achieved.

On my clinic shifts, I do have the last word and my decisions determine the

finaldx. However, the issue in my mind was not so much practice or even

education, per se, but rather how to do a research study and then generalize

the results to a population that does not all see the same pulse with the same

eyes, so to speak. Only if we are all calibrated to feel the same things, like

cardiologists are calibrated to hear the same heart sounds, would research

results ever be really meaningful. An even bigger part of the issue may be

how people organize all the collected data to come up with a dx. In fact, I

see

my main duty in clinic is to teach students to sort the wheat from the chaff.

 

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At 5:16 AM +0000 4/8/04, wrote:

>Students do indeed learn the textbook

>definitions of the 28 pulses. that is not the issue at PCOM. It is

>that certain

>pulses have to be felt under supervision, not just decribed. Unless you feel

>the wiry pulse under my supervision, you can have no idea what I am feeling

>when I use the label wiry. Fast, slow, superficial, deep,

>irregular, no problem,

>but wiry, slippery and choppy are another ballgame, IMO. the problem arises

>when other teachers have told students as they are feeling pulse that this one

>is choppy and this other one is slippery. the students learn to associate the

>feelings under their fingers with the label the teacher gives it. If I do not

>agree with another teacher about which feeling gets which label, I do not see

>how I can convince the student that I am right. the fact is that I

>don't really

>know that I am right and others are wrong. Ionly know that I was calibrated

>differently than my colleagues.

>

>so unless we all have a priori agreement about what certain pulses feel like,

>not just their textbook description, I do not think calibration can

>be achieved.

--

 

 

 

Thanks for clarifying. I guess one solution for the situation you

describe would be for the clinical faculty to get together every so

often, maybe in small groups, to take pulses and compare results and

see where the consistent differences are. Without even trying to

change anyone's opinion, I think such a process would tend to create

normalization. It would also allow you all to know whether it's

necessary to do more to create agreement.

 

Rory

--

 

 

 

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Rory et al.,

 

In my reading of history and my experience of practicing Chinese medicine in N.

America, Europe, and China, the problem of

inter-rater reliability has been a long-term, on-going problem in Chinese

medicine. I believe that it is a problem that we must address

and find some solution for if we are ever going to become a real medical

profession in the modern world. Even in China, this is a

problem. This is why the Ministry of Health published national Chinese medical

standards for disease diagnosis and pattern

discrimination several years ago. I believe that we have to adopt some standards

even though those standards can never be

completely adequate or wholy satisfactory. Everything in life is a trade-off.

Nothing is perfect. Every tool has its limitations. As long as

we are clear about that and maintain some method for allowing " wiggle room, "

then adopting standards should not be seen as a bad

thing. It is part of the process of growing up, i.e., making compromises in an

imperfect world. Until we adopt some kinds of standards,

teaching and studying are difficult, clinical research is difficult,

intraprofessional communication is difficult, referral is difficult, and peer

review is difficult. Therefore, third party payment is/may be difficult.

 

When it comes to pulse images, there are only two I can think of which must

simply be pointed out in clinical practice: 1) the slippery

pulse (hua mai) and 2) the stringlike-bowstring-wiry pulse (xian mai).

 

Then there are another few where there are real, substantative differences in

interpretation of the standard definitions: 1) short pulse

(duan mai), 2) long pulse (chang mai), 3) dissipated-scattered pulse (san mai),

and 4) surging pulse (hong mai) are the ones that

come immediately to mind. In these four cases, there are different historical

schools of thought within the Chinese medical literature

which have never been completely reconciled. The problem in these cases is that

the classical definitions are tactiley ambiguous and

open to differences in interpretation. However, if one knows that there are

differences of thought on the interpretation of these pulse

images' definitions, then, in discourse, one can say something like, " I believe

this is the scattered pulse, meaning that it is floating

and wide with no palpable edges as opposed to its being floating, wide, and

irregular in beat when pressed. " In this case, one has

simply stated which of the two existing definitions they are using. This is

similar to using Wiseman's standard terminology but then

diverging from it in certain specified and commented upon instances.

 

There are also a couple/few pulses which have two different definitions

depending on whether one is using the term to describe healthy

or unhealthly aspects of the pulse. For instance, the moderate pulse (huan mai)

means not rapid and not bowstring or tight when used

to describe a healthy pulse, but means slightly slow when used to describe an

unhealthy pulse. Similarly, the vacuous pulse may

mean any pulse which tends to be fine and forceless in a general, ballpark

sense, or it may be the proper name of an individual pulse

image, in which case it means a pulse that is floating, large or wide, and

foreceless.

 

As for the rough-choppy pulse (se mai), I don't think that pulse is ambiguous at

all, nor do I think it necessarily has to be pointed out

in clinic. If one accepts that choppy or rough is a synonym for the 3-5 pulse,

then this pulse is one that speeds up and slows down

with the breathing and is knowable simply by counting its beats rhythmically.

 

While standards have their inherent problems and limitations, there is a way to

work with standards so that they do not become overly

rigid and inflexible. Once one understands that, then there is really nothing to

be scared about when adopting and using standards.

As many philosophers have demonstrated, rules and standards are not the

antithesis of freedom. Rules and standards are only the

antithesis of caprice, and capriciousness is usually associated with immaturity

and foolishness.

 

Bob

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, " Bob Flaws " <

pemachophel2001> wrote:

 

>

> As for the rough-choppy pulse (se mai), I don't think that pulse is ambiguous

at all, nor do I think it necessarily has to be pointed out

> in clinic.

 

and yet of the commonly felt pulses, this one seems to give students the most

difficulty.

 

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Bob-

 

>In my reading of history and my experience of practicing Chinese

>medicine in N. America, Europe, and China, the problem of

>inter-rater reliability has been a long-term, on-going problem in

>Chinese medicine. I believe that it is a problem that we must address

>and find some solution for if we are ever going to become a real

>medical profession in the modern world. Even in China, this is a

>problem. This is why the Ministry of Health published national

>Chinese medical standards for disease diagnosis and pattern

>discrimination several years ago. I believe that we have to adopt

>some standards even though those standards can never be

>completely adequate or wholy satisfactory.

 

Do you have access to these standards or know where I can find them?

 

-Steve

--

Stephen Bonzak

<smb021169

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The only thing that works for me to teach my students is to show with my hands,

the

different qualities. (The top edge of my first finger hitting a downward facing

palm for

wiry, the whole dorsum of my hand gliding under the palm for slippery, my

knuckles

creating choppy, making a hole with my fingers to show thready/thin etc...) I

don't

know either if I am " calibrated " with my fellow teachers, but at least my

students

know what I, me, see as the different qualities. Referring to any book will just

create

confusion with clarification from each teacher.

doug

 

 

, Rory Kerr <rorykerr@o...> wrote:

> At 5:16 AM +0000 4/8/04, wrote:

> >Students do indeed learn the textbook

> >definitions of the 28 pulses. that is not the issue at PCOM. It is

> >that certain

> >pulses have to be felt under supervision, not just decribed. Unless you feel

> >the wiry pulse under my supervision, you can have no idea what I am feeling

> >when I use the label wiry. Fast, slow, superficial, deep,

> >irregular, no problem,

> >but wiry, slippery and choppy are another ballgame, IMO. the problem arises

> >when other teachers have told students as they are feeling pulse that this

one

> >is choppy and this other one is slippery. the students learn to associate

the

> >feelings under their fingers with the label the teacher gives it. If I do

not

> >agree with another teacher about which feeling gets which label, I do not see

> >how I can convince the student that I am right. the fact is that I

> >don't really

> >know that I am right and others are wrong. Ionly know that I was calibrated

> >differently than my colleagues.

> >

> >so unless we all have a priori agreement about what certain pulses feel like,

> >not just their textbook description, I do not think calibration can

> >be achieved.

> --

>

>

>

> Thanks for clarifying. I guess one solution for the situation you

> describe would be for the clinical faculty to get together every so

> often, maybe in small groups, to take pulses and compare results and

> see where the consistent differences are. Without even trying to

> change anyone's opinion, I think such a process would tend to create

> normalization. It would also allow you all to know whether it's

> necessary to do more to create agreement.

>

> Rory

> --

>

>

>

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Rory,

 

What a simple, common sense suggestion! But I can't see it happening at any

schools that I am aware of. If it did, I think we'd see

that, in many case, the emperor has no clothes.

 

Bob

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