New Herbal Abstracts

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Phil

 

Chiasson, H.; Vincent, C.; Bostanian, N. J. Insecticidal

properties of a Chenopodium-based botanical Journal of

Economic Entomology 97 (4), August 2004; 1378-1383.

Codena Inc, 426 Chemin Patriotes, Quebec City, PQ, J0H 2G0,

Canada The emulsifiable concentrate UDA-245 based on an

essential oil extract from Chenopodium ambrosioides variety near

ambrosioides, a North American herbaceous plant, was compared

with commercially available pesticides for their effectiveness to

control green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera:

Aphididae), western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis

(Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), and greenhouse whitefly,

Trialeurodes vaporariorium (Westwood) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae).

Side effects on the whitefly parasitoid Encarsia formosa Gahan

(Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) also were determined. With green

peach aphid, UDA-245 at 0.5% concentration was significantly

more effective than the control (water) treatment in a laboratory

bioassay and significantly more effective than neem oil and the

control treatment and as effective as insecticidal soap in a

greenhouse assay. With the western flower thrips, UDA-245 at

0.5% was significantly more effective than neem oil, insecticidal

soap and the control treatment in a laboratory bioassay, whereas

in a greenhouse assay, UDA-245 at 1.0% was the only treatment

that maintained control of the western flower thrips 2 wk after the

last treatment period. UDA-245 at 0.5% (laboratory bioassay) was

significantly more effective in managing greenhouse whitefly than

neem oil, endosulfan, and the control treatment and as effective as

insecticidal soap. Insecticidal soap proved to be toxic to the

parasitoid E. formosa (71.9% mortality ), whereas UDA-245 at

0.5% was not significantly more toxic than the control (11.2 and

4.6% mortality , respectively). Our results suggest that a

greenhouse integrated pest management (IPM) program using a

botanical such as UDA-245 could effectively control infestations of

major pests present while having a negligible effect on biological

control agents.

 

Chiasson, H.; Bostanian, N. J.; Vincent, C. Acaricidal properties

of a Chenopodium-based botanical. Journal of Economic

Entomology 97 (4), Aug 2004; 1373-1377. Codena Inc, 426

Chemin Patriotes, St Charles Sur Richelieu, PQ, J0H 2G0,

Canada. The emulsifiable concentrate UDA-245 (25% EC

(vol:vol)), based on all essential oil extract from Chenopodium

ambrosioides variety ambrosioides, a North American herbaceous

plant, was compared with commercially available pesticides for

their effectiveness to control the adult stage and egg hatch of the

twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari:

Tetranychidae) and the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi

(Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae). After a laboratory bioassay with

adult twospotted spider mites, a 0.5% concentration of UDA-245

was more effective than 0.7% (AI) of neem oil (Neem Rose

Defense). After a similar bioassay with the European red mite, a

0.5% concentration UDA-245 was as effective as 0.006% (AI) of

abamectin (Avid). UDA-245 at 0.5% significantly reduced egg hatch

of the twospotted spider mite, 5 and 9 d after treatment and of the

European red mite 6 d after treatment Egg hatch was significantly

lower using 0.006% (AI) of abamectin. 0.7% of neem oil, and 1.0%

insecticidal soap than UDA-245. Residual tests indicated that UDA-

245 may be persistent in the environment only for a few hours.

Only 23% mortality was noted when mites were introduced on

bean leaves 1 h after treatment with a 2% concentration of UDA-

245. At the recommended dose of 0.5%, UDA-245 was not

considered phytotoxic for most plants tested, i.e., lettuce, roses,

and tomatoes. Results suggest that a greenhouse integrated pest

management program using UDA-245 could effectively and

selectively control mite infestations, by treating " hot spots " with

negligible effect on biological control agents when treating before

introduction or when natural enemies are absent.

 

Wang, Cheng; Zhang, Jin-Xia; Shen, Xiao-Ling; Wan, Chi-Keung;

Tse, Anfernee Kai-Wing; Fong, Wang-Fun Reversal of P-

glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance by Alisol B 23-acetate.

Biochemical Pharmacology 68 (5); Sep 1, 2004, 843-855.

bhwffong Dept Biol and ChemBioact Prod Res Grp,

City Univ Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. Herbal drugs

were screened for their activity in reversing multidrug resistance

(MDR) in P-glycoprotein (P-gp) over-expressing cancer cells.

Through bio-assay guided fractionation an active compound was

isolated from Rhizoma Alismatis, the underground part of Alisma

orientale and the chemical structure of the isolate compound was

confirmed by HPLC, LC-MS and NMR as Alisol B 23-acetate

(ABA). ABA restored the sensitivity of MDR cell lines HepG2-DR

and K562-DR to anti-tumor agents that have different modes of

action but are all P-gp substrates. It restored the activity of

vinblastine, a P-gp substrate, in causing G2/M arrest in MDR cells.

In a dose-dependent manner, ABA increased doxorubicin

accumulation and slowed down the efflux of rhodamin-123 from

MDR cells. ABA inhibited the photoaffinity labeling of P-gp by

(125I)iodoarylazidoprazosin and stimulated the ATPase activity of

P-gp in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that it could

be a transporter substrate for P-gp. In addition, ABA was also a

partial non-competitive inhibitor of P-gp when verapamil was used

as a substrate. Our results suggest that ABA may be a potential

MDR reversal agent and could serve as a lead compound in the

development of novel drugs. Copyright 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights

reserved.

 

Patil, S.; Narayanan, S.; Eibl, G.; Jolly, C. I. Evaluation of

antimitotic activity of Rotula aquatica (Lour): A traditional herb used

in treatment of cancer. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 42

(9); Sep 2004; 893-899. s.patil Dept Pharmacognosy

and Phytochem, KM Kundnani Coll Pharm, 47 RG Thadani Marg,

Bombay, Maharashtra, 400018, India. Rotula aquatica was

extensively used by vaidyas ( Ayurvedic practioners) in holistic

treatment of cancer. In the present study, an attempt has been

made to evaluate the antimitotic activity of R. aquatica. Preliminary

antimitotic screening was done using Allium cepa root tip assay.

The mitotic index of the root tips markedly decreased with

increasing concentration of the aqueous extract. The different

fractions obtained by successive extraction of R. aquatica using

solvents of increasing polarity were also evaluated for their

antimitotic activity. Tannins were isolated which showed a better

activity than the non-tannin fraction. Experiments were also carried

out with incorporation of folic acid in the aqueous extract. Folic

acid inhibited the antimitotic activity of aqueous extract of R.

aquatica in a dose dependent manner. The results obtained were

compared with methotrexate- a known drug available in market as

anti-cancer agent. The studies were extended to human cells using

3 pancreatic cancer cell lines, viz: HPAF-II, BxPC-3, and CAPAN-

2. Extract of R. aquatica was found to be extremely effective in the

prevention of cell proliferation of the pancreatic cancer cell lines.

The phytochemical evaluation revealed presence of polyphenols

(tannins) and steroids. A HPTLC fingerprinting was developed and

studied. Two compounds were isolated and subjected to spectral

studies like UV, IR and mass spectrums. The empirical formula

was derived by considering this data with elemental analysis of the

compounds.

 

Lal, A. Arun Sam; Kumar, T.; Murthy, P. Balakrishna; Pillai, K.

Sadasivan Hypolipidemic effect of Coriandrum sativum L. in triton-

induced hyperlipidemic rats. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology

42 (9) Sep 2004; 909-912. fippat Dept

Toxicol, IIBAT, Padappai, 601301, India. In the biphasic model of

triton-induced hyperlipidemia, C. sativum at a dose of lg/kg body

weight reduced cholesterol and triglycerides levels in both

synthesis and excretory phases in rats, and the results were

comparable with that of Liponil, a commercially available herbal

hypolipidemic drug. The results suggest that coriander decreases

the uptake and enhances the breakdown of lipids. From the study

it can be assumed that coriander has the potential to be

popularized as a household herbal remedy with preventive and

curative effect against hyperlipidemia.

 

Sheu, Shuenn-Jyi; Shen, Chung Guang Herbal pharmaceutical

compositions for prophylaxis and/or treatment of cardiovascular

diseases and the method of preparing the same Official Gazette

of the United States Patent and Trademark Office Patents VOL.

1286 (3) Sep. 21, 2004 PATENT NUMBER- US 6793944

PATENT DATE- September 21, 2004 PATENT CLASS- 424-725

PATENT ASSIGNEE(S)- Shen; Chung Guang, Foster City, CA,

USA; Sun Ten Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan

http://www.uspto.gov/web/menu/patdata.html The present

invention provides an herbal pharmaceutical composition

comprising the root of scutellaria, the rhizome of coptis, the root

and rhizome of rhubarb, and the dry powders of the root of ginseng

(or American ginseng) or the rhizome of ginger. The herbal

pharmaceutical composition is effective in preventing patients from

developing or treating patients with cardiovascular diseases, which

include, but are not limited to, hypertension, coronary heart

disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease,

heart failure , rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease,

and cardiomyopathies. The present invention also provides

methods for preparing and using the herbal pharmaceutical

composition.

 

 

 

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