This week's Medline Abstracts on Herbal Medicine

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Crit Rev Toxicol. 2007 Apr;37(4):313-52. A Review of the Hepatotoxic Plant

Lantana camara. Sharma OP, Sharma S, Pattabhi V, Mahato SB, Sharma

PD. Biochemistry Laboratory, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional

Station. Kangra Valley, Palampur. India. Lantana camara Linn is a noxious

weed that grows in many tropical and subtropical parts of the world.

Ingestion of lantana foliage by grazing animals causes cholestasis and

hepatotoxicity. Both ruminants and nonruminant animals such as guinea

pigs, rabbits, and female rats are susceptible to the hepatotoxic action of

lantana toxins. The hepatotoxins are pentacyclic triterpenoids called

lantadenes. Molecular structure of lantadenes has been determined. Green

unripe fruits of the plant are toxic to humans. Lantana spp. exert allelopathic

action on the neighboring vegetation. The allelochemicals have been

identified as phenolics, with umbelliferone, methylcoumarin, and salicylic

acid being the most phytotoxic. In addition to phenolics, a recent report

indicates lantadene A and B as more potent allelochemicals. Management

of lantana toxicosis in animals is achieved by drenching with activated

charcoal and supportive therapy. Recent reports on the bilirubin clearance

effect of Chinese herbal tea Yin Zhi Huang (decoction of Yinchenhao,

Artemisia capillaris, and three other herbs) or its active ingredient 6,7-

dimethylesculetin, in jaundice are very exciting and warrant investigations on

its, possible, ameliorative effects in lantana intoxicated animals. Research is

being conducted on new drug discovery based on natural products in

different parts of the lantana plant. PMID: 17453937 [PubMed - in process]

 

[Phil's note: http://tinyurl.com/2svtf3 says: Yin Zhi Huang tea activates

UGT1A1 enzyme which leads to serum bilirubin reduction; it seems to work

like phenobarbitol but without the bad side-effects; article says: Yin Zhi

Huang tea has 4 different plants: Yinchenhao, Zhizi /Shanzhizi, Dahuang &

Huangqin; 6,7-Dimethylesculetin is active ingredient of Yinchenhao in

bilirubin clearance; Yinchenhao (Artemisiae Capillaris / Scopariae Hb,

Capillary Wormwood) is used as tea, Dec & smoke; sedative & healthful;

softly aromatic, cool & lacy, bitter and acrid; works on LV, SJM-SP-ST & GB

to clear jaundice, fever and treat hepatitis; LV Protector**; Cholagogue,

aiding LV to drain its waste products; Yinchenhao + Zhizi / Shanzhizi

increase rate of LV cell regeneration; Yinchenhao is CI in pregnancy;]

 

Cell Biol Toxicol. 2007 Apr 24; [Epub ahead of print] Fenugreek seed

(Trigonella foenum graecum) polyphenols inhibit ethanol-induced collagen

and lipid accumulation in rat liver. Kaviarasan S, Viswanathan P, Anuradha

CV. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University,

Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, 608 002, India, cvaradha.

Chronic alcoholism is associated with fatty liver and fibrosis characterized by

collagen accumulation. Seeds of fenugreek, an annual herb, are reported to

possess hepatoprotective activity. The study aims to investigate the effects

of fenugreek seed polyphenol extract (FPEt) on liver lipids and collagen in

experimental hepatotoxic rats. Hepatotoxicity was induced in male albino

Wistar rats by administrating ethanol (6 g/kg per day) for 30 days. Control

rats were given isocaloric glucose solution. FPEt was co-administered with

ethanol at a dose of 200 mg/kg per day for the next 30 days. Silymarin was

used as a positive control. Ethanol treatment caused increase in plasma and

liver lipids, together with alterations in collagen content and properties.

Administration of FPEt to alcohol-fed rats significantly improved lipid profile

and reduced collagen content, crosslinking, aldehyde content and

peroxidation. The effects were comparable with that of silymarin. FPEt

administration had a positive influence on both lipid profile and on the

quantitative and qualitative properties of collagen in alcoholic liver disease.

The protective effect is presumably due to the bioactive phytochemicals in

fenugreek seeds. PMID: 17453353 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

 

 

Gynecol Endocrinol. 2007 Feb;23(2):117-22. Phyto-Female Complex for the

relief of hot flushes, night sweats and quality of sleep: Randomized,

controlled, double-blind pilot study. Rotem C, Kaplan B. Felsenstein Medical

Research Center, Beilinson Campus. Petah Tiqva. Israel. Objective. To

determine the efficacy and safety of the herbal formula Phyto-Female

Complex (SupHerb, Netanya, Israel; ingredients: standardized extracts of

black cohosh, dong quai, milk thistle, red clover, American ginseng, chaste-

tree berry) for the relief of menopausal symptoms. Methods. A randomized,

double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 50 healthy pre and postmenopausal

women, aged 44-65 years, to whom oral Phyto-Female Complex or matched

placebo was prescribed twice daily for 3 months. A structured questionnaire

on the frequency and intensity of menopausal symptoms was administered

weekly from one week before throughout the 3-month treatment period,

followed by biochemical tests, breast check, and transvaginal

ultrasonography. Results. The women receiving Phyto-Female Complex

reported a significantly superior mean reduction in menopausal symptoms

than the placebo group. The effect of treatment improvements in

menopausal symptoms increased over time; by 3 months there was a 73%

decrease in hot flushes and a 69% reduction of night sweats, accompanied

by a decrease in their intensity and a significant benefit in terms of sleep

quality. Hot flushes ceased completely in 47% of women in the study group

compared with only 19% in the placebo group. There were no changes in

findings on vaginal ultrasonography or levels of relevant hormones

(estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone), liver enzymes or thyroid-stimulating

hormone in either group. Conclusion. Phyto-Female Complex is safe and

effective for the relief of hot flushes and sleep disturbances in pre- and

postmenopausal women, at least for 3 months' use. PMID: 17454163

[PubMed - in process]

 

Phytother Res. 2007 Apr 20; [Epub ahead of print] Related Articles, Links

Antiinflammatory effects of a combined herbal preparation (RAH13) of

Phellodendron amurense and Coptis chinensis in animal models of

inflammation. Park EK, Rhee HI, Jung HS, Ju SM, Lee YA, Lee SH, Hong

SJ, Yang HI, Yoo MC, Kim KS. East-West Bone & Joint Research Center,

East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, 149 Sangil-dong,

Gangdong-gu, Seoul 134-727, Korea. In an attempt to develop an

antiinflammatory herbal remedy that is as potent as current synthetic

medicines, the cortex of Phellodendron amurense Rupr (Rutaceae) and the

rhizomes of Coptis chinensis Franch (Ranunculaceae) were combined in a

2:1 ratio. This ratio was chosen based on in vitro experiments and traditional

Asian medicine prescriptions. The combined ethanol extract, named RAH13,

was evaluated for antiinflammatory properties using animal models of acute

inflammation such as the croton oil-induced ear edema test and an acetic

acid-induced capillary permeability test. Models of chronic inflammation

were also tested using the cotton pellet test and a delayed-type

hypersensitivity (DTH) test. Oral administration of RAH13 at a dose of 200

mg/kg showed in vivo antiinflammatory activity as potent as the effects

associated with 100 mg/mL of celecoxib or 1 mg/kg of dexamethasone.

These effects were seen in both acute and chronic inflammation models,

suggesting that RAH13 may be effective in controlling some inflammation-

related diseases. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. PMID:

17450506 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

 

Environ Health Perspect. 2007 Apr;115(4):606-8. Epub 2007 Jan 18. Case

report: potential arsenic toxicosis secondary to herbal kelp supplement.

Amster E, Tiwary A, Schenker MB. School of Medicine, University of

California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. CONTEXT:

Medicinal use of dietary herbal supplements can cause inadvertent arsenic

toxicosis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 54-year-old woman was referred to the

University of California, Davis, Occupational Medicine Clinic with a 2-year

history of worsening alopecia and memory loss. She also reported having a

rash, increasing fatigue, nausea, and vomiting, disabling her to the point

where she could no longer work full-time. A thorough exposure history

revealed that she took daily kelp supplements. A urine sample showed an

arsenic level of 83.6 microg/g creatinine (normal < 50 microg/g creatinine). A

sample from her kelp supplements contained 8.5 mg/kg (ppm) arsenic.

Within weeks of discontinuing the supplements, her symptoms resolved and

arsenic blood and urine levels were undetectable. DISCUSSION: To

evaluate the extent of arsenic contamination in commercially available kelp,

we analyzed nine samples randomly obtained from local health food stores.

Eight of the nine samples showed detectable levels of arsenic higher than

the Food and Drug Administration tolerance level of 0.5 to 2 ppm for certain

food products. None of the supplements contained information regarding the

possibility of contamination with arsenic or other heavy metals. The 1994

Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) has changed the

way dietary herbal therapies are marketed and regulated in the United

States. Less regulation of dietary herbal therapies will make inadvertent

toxicities a more frequent occurrence. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL

PRACTICE: Clinicians should be aware of the potential for heavy metal

toxicity due to chronic use of dietary herbal supplements. Inquiring about use

of dietary supplements is an important element of the medical history. PMID:

17450231 [PubMed - in process]

 

Pancreatology. 2007 Apr 18;7(1):28-36 [Epub ahead of print]. Suppressive

Effect of Herbal Medicine Saikokeishito on Acinar Cell Apoptosis in Rat

Spontaneous Chronic Pancreatitis. Su SB, Xie MJ, Sawabu N, Motoo Y.

Research Center for Traditional Complexity System,

Shanghai University of Traditional , Shanghai, China.

Background/Aims: Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by acinar

destruction and fibrosis. We previously reported that apoptosis is involved in

acinar destruction in chronic pancreatitis in the WBN/Kob rat. This study

aimed to elucidate the antiapoptotic effect of Saikokeishito (TJ-10).

Methods: Four-week-old male WBN/Kob rats were fed a special pellet diet

(MB-3) with or without TJ-10 (80 mg/100 g body weight) for 20 weeks.

Pancreas was histopathologically examined every 4 weeks, and the

expression of apoptosis-related factors such as Fas and Fas ligand (FasL)

mRNA and protein was analyzed with RT-PCR, in situ hybridization and

immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis was detected with a TUNEL method.

Results: In untreated WBN/Kob rats, chronic pancreatitis developed at 12

weeks and progressed with marked acinar cell destruction at 16 weeks. The

expression ofFas and FasL peaked at 12 and 20 weeks. An apoptotic index

in acinar cells correlated to the expression of Fas and FasL mRNA.

However, in the TJ-10-treated rats, the rate of pancreatic acinar cell

destruction, the apoptotic index at 12-20 weeks, and the expression of Fas

and FasL at 12 and 20 weeks decreased significantly compared to those in

untreated rats. Conclusion: These results suggest that TJ-10 has a

therapeutic effect on chronic pancreatitis by the suppression of acinar cell

apoptosis via the Fas/FasL system. Copyright © 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel

and IAP. PMID: 17449963 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

 

Eur J Pharm Sci. 2007 Mar 19; [Epub ahead of print]. Nondestructive

quantitative analysis of erythromycin ethylsuccinate powder drug via short-

wave near-infrared spectroscopy combined with radial basis function neural

networks. Qu N, Li X, Dou Y, Mi H, Guo Y, Ren Y. Department of Chemistry,

College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China. A new

assay method for the nondestructive determination of erythromycin

ethylsuccinate powder drug via short-wave near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR)

combined with radial basis function (RBF) neural networks is investigated.

The modern near-infrared spectroscopy analysis technique is efficient,

simple and nondestructive, which has been used in chemical analysis in

diverse fields. Short-wave NIR is a more rapid, flexible, and cost-effective

method to control product concentration in pharmaceutical industry. The

RBF neural networks are local approximation networks that have

superiorities in function approximation and learning speed. In addition, the

structure of RBF networks is simple. Estimate and calibration of the sample

concentration via short-wave NIR are made with the aid of RBF models

based on conventional spectra, standard normal variate (SNV), multiplicative

scatter correction (MSC) and the first-derivative spectra. Various optimum

models of them are established and compared. Experiment results show

that the models of SNV spectra can give better performance, and the

optimized RBF neural network model after SNV treatment were given, by

which the root-mean-square-errors (RMSE) for calibration set and test set

were 0.3266% and 0.5244%, respectively and the correlation coefficients ®

for calibration set and test set were 0.9942 and 0.9852, respectively. The

proposed RBF method based on short-wave NIR is more valuable and

economical for quantitative analysis than traditional methods such as partial

least squares (PLS). PMID: 17449230 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

 

Int J Food Microbiol. 2007 Mar 15; [Epub ahead of print]. The in vitro

antibacterial activity of dietary spice and medicinal herb extracts. Shan B,

Cai YZ, Brooks JD, Corke H. School of Biological Sciences, The University

of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong. The in vitro antibacterial

activities of a total of 46 extracts from dietary spices and medicinal herbs

were investigated by agar-well diffusion method against five foodborne

bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus,

Escherichia coli, and Salmonella anatum). Their total phenolic contents were

also evaluated. Many herb and spice extracts contained high levels of

phenolics and exhibited antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens.

Gram-positive bacteria were generally more sensitive to the tested extracts

than Gram-negative ones. S. aureus was the most sensitive, while E. coli

was the most resistant. There were highly positive relationships (R(2)=0.73-

0.93) between antibacterial activities and phenolic content of the tested

extracts against each bacterium. This suggested that the antibacterial

activity of the tested extracts was closely associated with their phenolic

constituents. PMID: 17449125 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

 

Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2007 May;100(5):302-7. Induction of

Apoptosis by Ginger in HEp-2 Cell Line Is Mediated by Reactive Oxygen

Species. Vijaya Padma V, Arul Diana Christie S, Ramkuma KM. Department

of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India. Ginger (Zingiber

officinale Roscoe, Zingiberaceae) is a commonly used medicinal herb

throughout the world. Although some studies have demonstrated its

antitumour activities on cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, the exact

mechanism is not fully elucidated. Hence, the present study was designed to

examine the in vitro cytotoxic activities of saline extract prepared from ginger

extract on HEp-2 cell line. The cytotoxic effect of the drug was confirmed by

3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and cell

counting and estimation of protein, DNA and RNA. Meanwhile, propidium

iodide staining and agarose gel electrophoresis were performed for

determining the induction of apoptosis. In addition, superoxide radical

generation, nitrite formation and glutathione studies show involvement of

free radicals. The present results show that the extract exerts dose-

dependent suppression of cell proliferation; the IC(50) value was found to be

900 microg/ml. At a dose of 250 microg/ml, marked morphological changes

including cell shrinkage and condensation of chromosomes were observed.

Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA from HEp-2 cells treated with 250

microg/ml ginger powder for 24 hr showed marked DNA ladder pattern. The

involvement of free radicals was confirmed by increased superoxide

production, decreased nitrate formation and depletion of glutathione in

ginger-treated cells. Further screening of active components using gas

chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses showed the presence of

clavatol, geraniol and pinostrobin in the extract. The results of the present

study suggest that ginger might be useful as a potential antitumour agent.

PMID: 17448115 [PubMed - in process]

 

Cent Afr J Med. 2005 Nov-Dec;51(11-12):115-20. Anti-diabetic activity of

Aloe excelsa. Gundidza M, Masuku S, Humphrey G, Magwa ML.

Department of Pharmacy, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, Harare,

Zimbabwe. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Aloe excelsa powder

on diabetes. DESIGN: The experiment was carried out in the laboratory on

both normal and diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in the rats by using

streptozotocin. Thereafter, blood samples were taken from both the normal

and diabetic rats and the sugar levels measured by using the Accutrend

Alpha blood glucose monitoring kit. SETTING: The experiment was

conducted in the laboratory in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of

Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: A total of 280 male albino rats weighing 250 g on

average were used. They were obtained from the Animal House of the

Medical School at the University of Zimbabwe. MAIN OUTCOME

MEASURES: Reduction in sugar levels. RESULTS: The Aloe excelsa

powder produced a dose-dependent reduction in the blood glucose in blood

glucose levels. It also compared well with the effect of insulin.

CONCLUSION: This study shows that Aloe excelsa has significant activity

on glucose levels in rats and this, therefore, confirms the claims by

traditional healers that this plant has anti-diabetic effects. Publication

Types:

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PMID: 17447343 [PubMed - in process]

 

Headache. 2007 Apr;47(4):540-5. Patients' preference for migraine

preventive therapy. Peres MF, Silberstein S, Moreira F, Corchs F, Vieira DS,

Abraham N, Gebeline-Myers C. Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa-

Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, and UNIFESP - EPM, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Objective.-Preventive treatment is an important part of migraine therapy.

When prescribing medication, physicians should understand patients'

treatment preferences and select drugs that most closely meet their patients'

needs. Understanding the factors that influence patients' preference

increases physicians' ability to select appropriate migraine therapy.

However, unlike acute migraine treatment, patients' preferences for migraine

preventive treatment have never been studied. Methods.-We enrolled 250

patients who attended the Jefferson Headache Center and Sao Paulo

Headache Center and had a primary headache diagnosis. Patients' age,

gender, body mass index (BMI), headache diagnosis, headache frequency,

duration, and intensity, headache disability (by MIDAS), and current

preventive treatments were ascertained. Patients were asked to rate 7

aspects of headache prevention (efficacy, speed of onset, out-of-pocket

expenses, adverse events, formulation of therapy, type of treatment, and

frequency of dosing) in order of importance (1-7). Each patient also

evaluated 12 different clinical scenarios, each one containing a simulation of

2 hypothetical headache preventive treatments, wherein patients could

choose Product A, Product B, or neither. Patients were informed of each

product's efficacy data (50%, 75%, or 100% headache elimination), adverse

event profile (weight gain, concentration difficulty, and/or fatigue), and

dosing frequency (once every 3 months, once per day, or twice per day).

Results.-Most patients were Caucasian. Mean BMI was 26.55 +/- 5.34,

range (17-45). Mean history of headache was 20.93 years. Fifty patients

(40%) had 45 or more headache days in the past 3 months. Mean headache

intensity score (0-10 scale) was 5.7 +/- 1.8. Patients were on various

preventive treatments, including beta-blockers (48 [41%]), calcium-channel

blockers (19 [16%]), antidepressants (52 [44%]), antiepileptics (46 [39%]),

neurotoxins (16 [14%]), vitamins/herbal therapies (28 [24%]), and

nonmedicinal therapy (38 [32%]). Of the 7 aspects of migraine prevention

that patients were asked to rate, 72% rated effectiveness the most important

aspect. Twelve percent rated speed of onset most important, 6% rated

absence of adverse events most important, 3% rated formulation of therapy

most important, 3% rated out-of-pocket expenses most important, and 2%

rated type of treatment (prescription/vitamin) most important. None rated

frequency of dosing as the most important factor. In the area of preventive

treatment scenarios, patients were more likely to choose treatments with

higher efficacy rates, fewer adverse events and less frequent dosing

schedule. Patients indicated that they preferred the treatment options with

higher efficacy rates even if side effects were present and a more frequent

dosing schedule was necessary. Conclusion.-Patients' preference regarding

migraine prevention is very important in headache management. Patients

rated efficacy the most important aspect in preventive therapy and preferred

treatment options with higher efficacy rates. Future studies are needed for a

better understanding of patients' preference for migraine prevention. PMID:

17445103 [PubMed - in process]

 

J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 May;22(5):762-3. Liver injury induced by a

Japanese herbal medicine, sairei-to (TJ-114, Bupleurum and Hoelen

Combination, Chai-Ling-Tang) R1. Aiba T, Takahashi T, Suzuki K, Okoshi S,

Nomoto M, Uno K, Aoyagi Y. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,

Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University,

Niigata, Japan. The case is reported of a man who showed acute hepatitis

with jaundice after he was given a Japanese herbal medicine, sairei-to (TJ-

114, Bupleurum and Hoelen Combination, Chai-Ling-Tang). Unusually, the

component thought to be responsible for the observed drug-induced liver

injury was able to be identified. Lymphocyte migration inhibition testing

indicated that the tuber of the perennial herbage Pinellia ternate was the

causative agent. PMID: 17444872 [PubMed - in process]

 

Phytother Res. 2007 Apr 20; [Epub ahead of print]. Evidence of

effectiveness of herbal antiinflammatory drugs in the treatment of painful

osteoarthritis and chronic low back pain. Chrubasik JE, Roufogalis BD,

Chrubasik S. Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Freiburg im

Breisgau, Albertstr. 9 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany. Treatment with

herbal medicines is very popular in Europe. In order to get information on

the evidence of effectiveness of oral herbal medicines in the treatment of

pain in the joints or lower back, OVID(MEDLINE), PUBMED and

COCHRANE COLLABORATION LIBRARY were searched back to 1985 for

systematic reviews. The level of evidence of effectiveness was defined as

strong - at least two confirmatory studies demonstrating a clinical relevant

effect, moderate - one confirmatory study with a clinical relevant effect

and/or multiple exploratory studies of good quality; otherwise the evidence

was insufficient or conflicting in the case of inconsistent findings.Fifteen

systematic reviews were identified. The evidence of effectiveness was

strong for a proprietary unsaponifiable avocado soybean fraction and

Harpagophytum preparations containing >50 mg harpagoside in the daily

dosage, moderate for ginger and a proprietary rose hip and seed powder,

insufficient for Boswellia serrata gum resin and other herbal preparations

and inconsistent for a proprietary willow bark extract.Further rigorous studies

are required to confirm the usefulness of herbal medicines in the treatment

of osteoarthritic complaints and chronic low back pain in order to enable

acceptance of the herbal medicines into the treatment guidelines. Copyright

© 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. PMID: 17444576 [PubMed - as supplied by

publisher]

 

Phytother Res. 2007 Apr 20; [Epub ahead of print]. Administration of

Cyperus rotundus tubers extract prevents weight gain in obese Zucker rats.

Lemaure B, Touche A, Zbinden I, Moulin J, Courtois D, Mace K, Darimont C.

Nestle Research Center, 101 Avenue Gustave Eiffel, BP 49716, 37390

Tours cedex 2, France. Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae; C. rotundus) is

an Indian medicinal plant demonstrated to exert multiple health benefits. The

purpose of the present study was to test the biological efficacy of C.

rotundus tubers extract on weight control in obese Zucker rats. It was

demonstrated that administration of 45 or 220 mg/kg/day of C. rotundus

tubers hexane extract for 60 days in Zucker rats induced a significant

reduction in weight gain without affecting food consumption or inducing

toxicity. In vitro, 250 microg/mL of this extract was able to stimulate

lipolysis

in 3T3-F442 adipocytes suggesting that this medicinal plant contains

activators of beta-adrenoreceptors (AR). The binding assay performed on

the rat beta3-AR isoform, known to induce thermogenesis, demonstrated

that C. rotundus tubers extract can consistently and effectively bind to this

receptor. These data suggest that the effect on weight gain exerted by C.

rotundus tubers extract may be mediated, at least partially, through the

activation of the beta3-AR. Conclusion: C. rotundus tubers extract prove to

be a new herbal supplement for controlling body weight preferentially in

beta3-AR sensitive species. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

PMID: 17444573 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

 

 

 

Best regards,