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Today for you 36 new articles about earth's trees! (211th edition)

Subscribe / send blank email to:

earthtreenews-

Weblog: http://olyecology.livejournal.com .

 

--British Columbia: 1) A very liberal plunder, 2) Certainty of species

extinction,

--Oregon: 3) Truth is written on the land,

--California: 4) Uncontrolled experiments in logging, 5) Bohemian

grove, 6) Maxxam/PL logging continues,

--Montana: 7) Value of federal appeals process

--Michigan: 8) Housing development, 9) Impacts of Corporate Timberland

Ownership,

--Pennsylvania: 10) Save Blackwater Canyon,

--New England: 11) Upsurge in Summer camp attendance

--Virginia: 12) Management plan revisions for George Washington NF

--Georgia: 13) Fools destroy refuge and claim it's the Pine Beetle's fault

--South Carolina: 14) GM pine trees for sale

--USA: 15) Baseball players love Ash trees! 16) Public land

Proclamation, 17) Toxic fire retardant, 18) Forest carbon

sequestration data,

--UK: 19) Save Clovenside hill, 20) Ian's Wood protected,

--Turkey: 21) Five square kilometers of forest for international real estate,

--Guyana: 22) Illegally managed by Barama,

--Ecuador: 23) Sea Shepherd flies the flag of Ecuador,

--Brazil: 24) Citizens reject steel plant proposal, 25) Cargill,

Greenpeace and Nature Conservancy sell each other out, 26) A different

kind of Kayapo,

--Honduras: 27) Intimidation and death threats from illegal " lumber barons "

--India: 28) Monsoon is mangrove planting time

--Australia: 29) A massive sell-off of publicly owned Crown lease

land, 30) 'National Tree Chop Day' 31) Five arrests in Styx Valley,

32) Wildlife corridor spanning the continent, 33) Chance to object to

new plantation forests,

--World-wide: 34) domesticating nature can be seen everywhere, 35)

Destruction of mangrove forests, 36) Small print on tree-planting

offsets,

 

British Columbia:

 

1) Since the BC Liberals came to power in 2001, they've tripled the

export of raw, unprocessed logs from the province, allowing logging

companies to ship their logs to foreign mills instead of processing

them here in BC mills. Over 25 million cubic meters of raw logs have

been exported over the past 6 years from BC, which is the equivalent

of losing several thousand BC milling jobs to foreign mills. If we are

to establish sustainable harvest levels and forestry practices in BC,

while maintaining forestry employment levels at the same time, we need

to process every log here in BC. The BC government is expected to come

up with a new coastal forest industry plan sometime soon. They've

indicated that they will increase the taxes on raw logs coming from

public lands by 15% (which is still inadequate, ie. too low, to deter

companies from exporting raw logs to foreign mills - if the government

was serious, they could simply stop issuing permits for companies to

export raw logs from public lands) and have indicated that they will

be pushing the federal government to relax the already inadequate

restrictions that currently exist against raw log exports coming from

private lands. Private forest lands owned by TimberWest and Island

Timberlands on Vancouver Island are the source of most raw log exports

leaving BC. We must Ban Raw Log Exports and Promote Sustainable

Forestry!! Organized by the Pulp, Paper, and Woodworkers of Canada

Union (PPWC) Co-Sponsored by the Western Canada Wilderness Committee

(WCWC), United Steelworkers Union, Communication, Energy and

Paperworkers Union (CEP), BC Federation of Labour, Save Our Valley

Alliance (SOVA). WCWCAction

 

2) Over the course of many years of local hiking I have sighted many

of the endangered and threatened animal species on Vancouver Island

including: Double-crested Cormorant, Great Blue Heron, Trumpeter Swan,

Brant, Surf Scoter, Bald Eagle, Red-legged Frog, Turkey Vulture,

Northern Goshawk, Western Screech-Owl, Vancouver Island Pygmy-Owl,

Vancouver Island Marmot, Sea Otter, Humpback Whale, Killer Whale, Gray

Whale, Roosevelt Elk, Vancouver Island White-tailed Ptarmigan, and

Marbled Murrelet. While some of these species may be sighted regularly

in the Oceanside area, their numbers are none-the-less dwindling. The

fact that they still exist in numbers in this region makes it all the

more important for local residents to become aware of these species'

vulnerabilities and work towards protecting them. Almost all of these

vertebrates are endangered due to increased human activities such as

logging and housing developments. The federal government through

Environment Canada established the Committee on the Status of

Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) This committee of experts

assesses and designates which wild species are in some danger of

disappearing from Canada. These species are protected by the Species

at Risk Act (SARA), which was brought into effect in 2001. The website

allows easy identification of species that residents have concerns

about: www.speciesatrisk.gc.ca Here in British Columbia the provincial

government does not provide a great deal of protection for endangered

species, in fact the Wildlife Act reads more like a directory for

hunters and fishers. This act has not seen major amendments in the

past 25 years. Today the BC government, under the leadership of

Minister of Environment Barry Penner, is working on a new Wildlife Act

for introduction in the Legislature in 2008. Currently the Wildlife

Act is under review and the deadline for public input has been

extended until July 15, 2007. Input has been requested by Minister of

Environment Barry Penner env.minister and the Wildlife Act

Review Project, Fish & Wildlife Branch, Ministry of Environment PO Box

9374 STN PROV GOVT Victoria, B.C. V8W 9M4 Fax: (250) 387-0239 E-Mail:

WildlifeActReview

 

Oregon:

 

3) The truth is written on the land stripped of its natural assets by

an industry condemned and damned by no less than President Teddy

Roosevelt who called them liars, cheats and thieves and worse. Nearly

all, if not all, they've said to justify logging has been a lie. It

was not renewable, it was not sustainable, it was not economically or

ecologically harmless, let alone beneficial. It was industrial

liquidation of Nature on which we all depend for our lives (soil, air

& water, climate & weather, fish & wildlife) and using fraudulent,

dishonest accounting and buying our politicians , agencies and legal

system (even many of our green groups), to get away with it. But the

big lie, repeated often, works in a nation of sheep. Tim Hermach

zerocut1

 

California:

 

4) The Tahoe Basin, like many National Forest lands, has been subject

to an uncontrolled experiment in using logging to reduce fire risk.

However, research shows that logging makes forests more likely to

burn, results in growth of brush fuels and results in drying out the

forest. Common sense says that permitting wooden houses and recreation

within these forests also increases the risk of fire damage. The

answer to the problem of the Angora fire is not to blame the

regulatory agencies, or people for being frustrated at the lack of

easy answers. The answer lies in recognizing that these forests will

eventually burn and that living within them brings risk. Cutting down

the forest, which will harm the lake, makes the whole point of living

near formerly blue Lake Tahoe seem moot.-- Fraser Shilling, Davis

http://www.sacbee.com/110/story/266233.html

 

5) As about 2,000 members of the Bohemian Club start arriving this

week for the famously secret annual encampment of relaxation, high

jinks and male bonding, the club's board is fighting for an ambitious

logging plan for its Bohemian Grove on the Russian River. The

high-powered club is seeking a special logging permit that would allow

it to cut more than 1 million board feet each year in perpetuity

without strict environmental review. That's enough to build 70 houses

a year from the mature redwood forest -- the closest unprotected one

to San Francisco. Dozens of " Bohos " have written to the state

Department of Forestry and Fire Protection in support of the logging

plan, saying that it would reduce the risk of wildfire. They're

battling scientists and environmentalists who worry that the plan

would allow the club to double the amount of logging it does and would

require little oversight. The next public hearing on the plan is

expected in late summer. The controversy exemplifies a nationwide

clash over the best ways to prevent forest fires. The Bohemian Club's

board says it wants to reduce the risk of fire in its storied grove,

but scientists at the state Department of Fish and Game, the UC

Extension Service, UCLA and the Sierra Club argue that acceleration of

logging in the remaining patches of old coastal redwoods and Douglas

fir won't accomplish that goal. Instead, the plan might contribute to

fire risk as well as degrade the rare habitat, they say. The idyllic

grove in the little town of Monte Rio is always off limits to Sonoma

County neighbors, but that's particularly so from today until the last

Sunday in July. Corporate heads, political bosses, legal and financial

figures, and artists -- members of the club -- are leaving behind

their workaday world to bask in the beauty of giant redwoods, some of

them 300 feet high and 1,000 years old.

http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/07/12/MNGK0QV7HK1.DTL & feed\

=rss.news

 

6) Though Maxxam/PL is in bankruptcy, the liquidation logging has not

stopped. In Bear Creek and Jordan Creek where logging was halted over

a year ago by the local Water Quality Control Board, PL has continued

to file new logging plans. Water Quality is demanding a plan be in

place to clean up and protect streams from logging future activities.

There are now many logging plans stacked up and ready to cut as soon

as Water Quality gives the go-ahead. This is a growing problem that

needs to be addressed but is beyond the scope of this update. 1) Plan

Name Golden Bear THP was approved on June 28th. 2) Plan Name: " More

Shade " THP #1-07-070 Unit 3, a 38 acre portion of this logging plan,

contains " sporadically spaced " trees " left over from the initial

harvest in the early 1940's " . These trees are up to " about 100 inches "

in diameter at breast height (DBH). 100 inches= 8.3 ft. 3) Plan Name:

" Hog Wild " THP #1-07-094 This plan encompasses 114.75 acres in Bear

River just over the ridge from the Mattole River watershed. Unit 3 (

20.5 acres) is un-entered oldgrowth Douglas Fir. Unit 4 (38.5 acres)

is residual Oldgrowth Douglas Fir.

http://thpmonitor.blogspot.com/2007/07/maxxampalco-goes-hog-wild.html

 

Montana:

 

7) I can't think of a more instructive case about appeals than the

Frenchtown Face project, just west of Missoula. It was proposed by the

Lolo National Forest and highly promoted as restoration. And for good

reasons-the forested watersheds near Frenchtown were mightily abused,

partly from intense logging many years ago when the land was owned by

the Anaconda Copper Mining Company. But other factors led to the lost

integrity of the ecosystem, so the list of things the Forest Service

proposed to restore included a mine site, roadways that bleed sediment

into the streams, and native vegetation under press from noxious

weeds. The Forest Service also wanted to restore more natural fire

regimes by logging and prescribed burning, which troubled our group

since unsustainable logging had caused so much previous damage. Yet

until the final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) was published

along with the decision, the agency hadn't fully told the public about

what we came to see as the highest restoration priority-the soils. The

previous logging, along with livestock grazing, excessive roads, and

all-terrain vehicle use, had compacted so much soil in the Frenchtown

Face area that vegetation growth, including trees, was stunted.

Compaction also makes the soil vulnerable to noxious weed invasion and

erosion. Each of these factors reduces the long-term productivity of

the forest. The Frenchtown Face EIS did include plans to restore

soils, however to us the plans were not well-grounded in science. But

by then the final decision had been made, so the only avenue left for

bringing better science to the table was to appeal. This kind of

appeal involves asking a higher level official within the Forest

Service to undertake a formal review of the appeal issues. To make a

long story short, after we appealed the Lolo Forest Supervisor's

decision, the Forest Service's Regional Office reversed it, agreeing

with us that the soils analysis was inadequate. Our successful appeal

triggered the agency to initiate a scientific study of the soils in

Frenchtown Face, one that involved wider perspectives on soils and

soil restoration than were contained in the original EIS. What the

soil experts mostly recommended was to leave more large pieces of wood

on the ground in areas where soils were compacted. This would increase

soil moisture and biological activity, allowing natural soil recovery

over time.

http://www.newwest.net/index.php/topic/article/forest_services_public_appeals_pr\

ocess_works_fo

r_everyone/C38/L38/

 

Michigan:

 

8) ROYAL OAK -- Residents are mobilizing to save part of a three-acre

woodland in the city's northeast corner that will be cut down for a

52-unit housing development proposed for the former Mark Twain

Elementary School site. Diversified Property Group LLC bought the

12-acre parcel from the school district for $2 million and its

subsidiary, Pinnacle Homes, submitted plans to City Hall for a

detached condominium subdivision called Campbell Crossings on Campbell

Road near 14 Mile Road. The latest proposal does spare a thin line of

trees behind the school, which is slated for demolition, but not

enough to satisfy neighbors. As far as resident Ann Steffy is

concerned, " This is total destruction of the woods, and we've seen

deer tracks back there. " Steffy and her neighbors are passing out

fliers to boost attendance -- and opposition -- to the development at

the Plan Commission meeting scheduled for 7:30 p.m. Tuesday. " We hope

the people are heard at City Hall because the school board didn't

listen, " Steffy said. " It breaks your heart to see the plans for the

52 cramped condos and all the trees that will be gone. This is a tacky

development, and we're not snobs. It will ruin the quality of our

neighborhood. " http://www.dailytribune.com/stories/070807/loc_woods001.shtml

 

9) The presentation, " Impacts of Corporate Timberland Ownership Change

in the Upper Peninsula, " highlighted recent research along with

corporate landowners' perspectives.

In 2005, the Plum Creek Timber Company purchased 650,000 acres in the

U.P. from Escanaba Timber LLC, formerly Mead paper. In 2006,

International Paper sold 440,000 acres to GMO Renewable Resources LLC.

The presentation looked at the what happens when vertically integrated

timber product companies, like Mead, who produce paper products, sell

property to real estate investment trusts, like Plum Creek and other

companies. REITs invest almost exclusively in real estate according to

the report. " Money is in the land, " said Robert Froese, a professor at

Michigan Technological University. " We see increases in liquidity,

people can move in and out of investments easily with the new

ownership. " Froese talked about the U.P.'s transition from the old to

the new owners. Larry Leefers from the Michigan State University

department of forestry discussed the role of the forest products

industry in the U.P economy. Leefers talked about current economic

issues in tourism, sawmilling, logging and other industries. According

to the report, the forest products industry in Michigan had sales of

$11.2 billion in 2003. The U.P contributed $2.5 billion; totaling 22

percent of the state's final sales. Leefers touched on tourism in the

U.P. — questioning the industry's strength.

" Tourism is really important in the U.P. " said Leefers. " But vehicles

crossing the (Mackinac) bridge went down in the last seven years. The

U.P. has to get more money out of tourists while they're here. "

http://www.miningjournal.net/stories/articles.asp?articleID=17215

 

Pennsylvania:

 

10) In June 2002, timber operator John Crites of Allegheny Wood

Products filed a request with the US Forest Service for permission to

use the scenic Blackwater Canyon public hiking/biking trail as a

logging road and possible access to a proposed condominium project.

This dangerous plan would degrade the scenic, historic, and ecological

values of the wild Blackwater Canyon. The ten-mile-long Blackwater

Canyon Trail winds along the wild and scenic Blackwater River, through

the heart of the Blackwater Canyon. The Trail is home to rare and

endangered species. Dramatic coke ovens that produced heating fuel and

cut-stone archways, from the 1890 railroad era, make the Trail a

historically protected site. It would be a terrible wrong for the US

Forest Service to allow this precious and historic public land to be

degraded into a commercial logging road. The first comment period in

February 2003 brought in 10,000 comments opposed to the road

conversion and forced the Forest Service to study the impacts of this

project utilizing the full environmental impact statement (EIS)

process. Send your comments today! Tell the US Forest Service to

withdrawal their proposal to ruin the famous Blackwater Canyon Trail.

Click here

http://www.democracyinaction.org/dia/organizations/americanlandsalliance/campaig\

n.jsp?campaign

_KEY=12146 to send your letter. Deadline for comments is July 23, 2007.

 

New England:

 

11) There are no TVs, video games, or computers, and counselors keep

the only cellphone on the island hidden away for emergencies. Six

weeks of this might sound like punishment for the average boy today,

who lives with his iPod in his ear and talks to his friends in text

messages. Yet this year, for the first time in recent memory, Pine

Island sold out for the season six months before it opened. It is one

of a number of rustic wilderness camps in New England that are seeing

a surge in their popularity, at a time when parents and educators are

increasingly concerned that children do not spend enough time in the

natural world. For the 86 boys on Pine Island, there is no escape from

nature, and no choice but to learn to entertain themselves. Every

night of the summer, campers and counselors dance, sing, and role-play

for an hour at the evening campfire. One recent evening, as sparks

crackled and flames shot into the pink twilight, they sang a song

about a " crazy moose " who " drank a lot of juice, " cheered wildly as

campers and counselors danced the limbo under a wooden oar on the

beach, and laughed at a skit in which one shaggy-haired counselor with

a fake Australian accent imitated the late wildlife expert Steve

Irwin. Finally, everyone stood and gathered close around the fire,

their faces orange in the light, to sing a last song quietly,

together. " We entertain ourselves every night, and it becomes more

amazing all the time, because people don't know how to entertain

themselves anymore, " said Ben Swan , the camp's director, whose father

and grandfather ran the camp before him. Traditional summer camps in

the woods became popular a century ago, in response to concerns about

urbanization and the effects of city life on children. They thrived in

the 1920s, offering youngsters from cities and suburbs a chance to

experience nature and develop wilderness skills: building a fire;

reading a compass; paddling a canoe. But beginning in the 1970s, the

rise of technology, more protective parenting, and other societal

changes threatened traditional camps. When Swan took over as director

in 1989, enrollment at Pine Island had dwindled from 85 to 45 boys.

http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2007/07/07/nature_makes_a_comeback/

 

Virginia:

 

12) The Forest Service recently held public meetings regarding

revising the management plan for George Washington National Forest.

Many at the meetings appeared to be cheerleaders for big government

masquerading as conservatives. Calls for more logging, more roads, and

more corporate welfare reflect a strange sense of entitlement. The

overall focus of the plan needs to change, from indulging those who

want to take from the forest to taking care of the forest. The aim

should be self-sustaining ecosystems of healthy forests with as little

management intervention as possible; in other words, significantly

reducing expenditure of tax dollars. The majority of Americans want to

maintain the beauty of the few wild places we have left. But this

won't be possible without strong protection measures and mandates for

the National Forest. These include designation of wilderness and other

special areas; full protection of all old-growth tracts, roadless

areas, and rare species; and plan standards that bureaucrats are

required to follow. Those who disrespect wildlife and wild lands have

political connections, deep pockets, and loud voices. The effect of

pandering to their interests is to lock out many of us from enjoying

our national forests. If you care about our natural heritage, get

involved with the GWNF plan revision. Express your convictions for

strong protection to the Forest Service and to your local, state, and

federal elected officials.

http://fredericksburg.com/News/FLS/2007/072007/07082007/296296

 

Georgia:

 

13) Parts of the Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge in Jones County

look like a logging site, and it's all because of a little insect

smaller than a grain of rice. Pine beetles are native to this area but

forester Carl Schmitt says conditions this year are making them worse.

The beetle has already ruined about 300 of the refuge's 35,000 acres.

Now, they're marking and cutting down infected trees and also cutting

down a 150-foot barrier of healthy trees to try to stop the beetles

from spreading. A lumber company hauls away and sells the infected

trees. Schmitt says cutting down so many trees is bad for animals that

live in the forest. " You're going to take what's moderate- to

high-quality habitat and turn it into low- quality habitat, " Schmitt

says. He says even though they're trying hard to stop this problem,

he's not optimistic. " The reality is a fair number of them, even

though we try to cut and stop them, they're still spreading, " says

Schmitt. " It just slows them down some. " If the pine beetles continue

to spread through summer and into fall, they should die down during

winter. http://www.13wmaz.com/news/local_story.aspx?storyid=40808

 

South Carolina:

 

14) COLUMBIA - A new line of genetically improved pine trees could

change the health of South Carolina's forests in the years to come. An

improved loblolly pine is among the dozens of tree species for sale

right now by the South Carolina Forestry Commission. Officials say

these pines are more resistant to the fungi and insects that eat away

at South Carolina timber. Landowners wanting to invest in their land

can buy as few as ten trees or they can buy them by the tens of

thousands! http://www.wistv.com/Global/story.asp?S=6775569

 

 

USA:

 

15) Careers at stake with each swing, baseball players leave little to

sport when it comes to their bats. They weigh them. They count their

grains. They talk to them. But in towns like this one, in the heart of

the mountain forests that supply the nation's finest baseball bats,

the future of the ash tree is in doubt because of a killer beetle and

a warming climate, and with it, the complicated relationship of the

baseball player to his bat. " No more ash? " said Juan Uribe, a Chicago

White Sox shortstop, whose batting coach says he speaks to his ash

bats every day. Uribe is so finicky about his bats, teammates say,

that he stores them separately in the team's dugout and complains

bitterly if anyone else touches them. At a baseball bat factory tucked

into the lush tree country here in northwestern Pennsylvania, the

operators have drawn up a three-to-five-year emergency plan if the

white ash tree, which has been used for decades to make the bat of

choice, is compromised. In Michigan, the authorities have begun

collecting the seeds of ash trees for storage in case the species is

wiped out, a possibility some experts now consider inevitable. As

early as this summer, federal officials hope to set loose Asian wasps

never seen in this country with the purpose of attacking the emerald

ash borer, an Asian beetle accused of killing 25 million ash trees in

Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio and Maryland since it was spotted in

the United States five years ago. In late June, officials found signs

of the ash borer's arrival in Pennsylvania, setting off a new alarm

for the makers of baseball bats, most of which come from this rocky,

cool range on the New York border.

http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/11/us/11ashbat.html?ex=1341806400 & en=0625ab664479\

5b6e & ei=5088 & pa

rtner=rssnyt & emc=rss

 

 

16) Citizen advocacy is critical to preserving our public land

heritage. Public lands will only be protected through a unified and

committed public land movement. In that spirit we, the undersigned,

present the following principles for public lands: 1) Our public lands

are a public good that must be protected in perpetuity for the benefit

of each new generation. 2) Public lands must remain in public

ownership, overseen by the federal government on behalf of, and with

the input of, all citizens. 3) Protecting public lands requires strong

and enforceable laws. Efforts to circumvent the protections in

existing environmental laws must be resisted. 4)The public has a right

to know how our shared lands are being managed, and to participate in

open, transparent planning and decision-making. 5) Control of public

lands must never be ceded to local interests, advisory boards, panels,

or groups, but should remain with the federal government and, by

extension, the public at large. 6) Precedence shall be given to

ecological and other public purposes. The biological health of public

lands, waters, and wildlife have intrinsic value and should be given

the highest priority in public land management. 7) Public use shall

take precedence over commercial use. In situations where access is

restricted or allocated, the needs of the self-guided public shall

take precedence over the wants of commercial service providers. The

potential for revenue generation or other commercial outputs must

never unduly influence management decisions. 8) Public lands are not a

form of currency to be bartered for political favors. They are not to

be sold for revenue generation or for administrative cost reduction.

Protecting one area must not be accomplished by supporting degradation

of another. In these regards, public lands are non-fungible. 9)

Citizens and visitors alike should not be charged a fee merely for

walking, riding or floating upon public lands and waters. Enterprises

engaged in commerce should, at a minimum, be required to pay full cost

recovery for anything they do upon, and pay fair market value for

anything they remove from, public lands and waters. 10) Nearly 20

percent of public lands are congressionally designated as Wilderness.

The wilderness character of all designated Wilderness should be

preserved and not diminished in any way. 11) Legislation to designate

new wilderness should fully reflect and uphold the spirit, intent, and

provisions of the 1964 Wilderness Act, and contain no special

exceptions that would lessen the protective provisions of the

Wilderness Act. 12) Congress must appropriate adequate funding to the

federal land management agencies, both to ensure that the agencies are

able to carry out their obligations and to forestall any real or

perceived need for private funding of public land management. Please

review the Preamble and Principles and let me,

blaeloch, know whether your organization will join

us.

 

17) The agency's July 28, 2006, summary of " Key Points " strongly

emphasized the benefits of using fire retardant, although the agency

said that, beginning in 2007, it would no longer use retardant that

contained one chemical, sodium ferrocyanide, that has long been found

to cause some environmental problems. The agency also notes that

pilots try to avoid spreading retardant near waterways. However, doing

so is extremely challenging in the chaotic conditions of a fire. In

the past five years, a total of 409,721 fires have burned 18,382,397

acres, and an average of more than 20 million gallons of retardant

have been used each of the past 10 years. This year, more than 30

million gallons of retardant, plus an unknown quantity of foam, likely

will be used. Susan Finger, Environmental and Contaminants Research

Center, 573-876-1850. Diane Larson, U.S.G.S. Northern Prairie Wildlife

Research Center, 612-625-9271. Cecilia Johnson, U.S. Forest Service,

406-329-4819. Jeff Bass, National Interagency Fire Center,

208-387-5459. " Ecological Effects of Fire Fighting Foams and

Retardants, " Robyn Adams and Dianne Simmons. While slurry mixes stifle

forest fires, researchers have found in limited studies that the

retardants and foams also have a dark side. The most commonly used

mixtures can be toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates, and algae, can

harm rabbits, birds, and humans, and can reduce vegetative diversity

and boost the growth of weeds. Slurries and foams are mostly water,

but they also include ammonium fertilizer, detergent, and other

ingredients. Current studies are showing that a corrosion inhibitor

(sodium ferrocyanide) in some formulas becomes more toxic when exposed

to sunlight. Very little study has been done on chronic effects.

http://life.csu.edu.au/bushfire99/papers/adams/index.htm

 

18) When considering ways to address the rise in atmospheric carbon

dioxide levels and potential climate change, we must look toward the

important role the world's forests can play. Forests are better at

storing carbon than any other land cover. Forests in the United States

sequester about 200 million to 280 million tons of carbon per year,

offsetting as much as 20 percent of greenhouse gas emissions in the

United States - the equivalent to the amount of greenhouse gases

emitted by about 235 million cars annually. It is, therefore,

critically important to stabilize, or even increase, the world's

forestland base. Unfortunately, the world is facing a net loss of

about 45 million acres of forest per year. Even in the United States,

we lose about 1 million acres per year to development, although some

of this loss is offset by reforestation. Another major problem is

wildfire. Although already at catastrophic levels, if the climate

becomes warmer, wildfires will become more frequent and intense.

However, if we focus on forests only in their role of storing carbon,

we overlook an even bigger benefit of our forests. Forests have added

value because they provide a renewable source of wood products. Use of

wood should be enhanced because assessments show that using wood for

construction and housing uses far less energy and has a much lower

" carbon footprint " than structures built with steel, plastic, or

aluminum. Despite our abundant forests, the United States imports 36

percent of its wood consumption from other countries, some of which

have far lower environmental standards and often may incorporate

illegal logging. Our excessive restriction of harvesting on national

forests may very well promote excessive harvesting elsewhere.

http://www.redbluffdailynews.com/ci_6322242?source=most_viewed

 

UK:

 

19) The site, which is known as " Clovenside or R6 " , extends to

approximately 1.9 hectares. It has been identified by Moray Council as

suitable for a low-density development of up to 15 houses. However, it

is set within a conservation area and is colonised by young birch

woodland of between 10 and 15 years old, which consultants have

claimed is of no real importance, which has angered residents who

claim wildlife flourish in there. The area was formerly zoned as an

environmental greenfield site, but planners have earmarked it for

change in the new version of the Local Plan which would pave the way

for a housing development. Although there is no planning application

lodged for the site, the " Forres Gazette " believes that developers

Robertson Homes have already shown an interest in the land which is

believed to be privately owned, with proposals to build 12 executive

bungalows. Residents whose homes back onto the site have objected in

their droves to the new plans, claiming that it would rob them of an

area of woodland of amenity value, which is providing a home for

species of plantlife, birds and other animals. Chairman of the FCWT

(Forres Community Woodland Trust), Chris Piper challenged the

council's assessment that the landscape was of no amenity value, and

said it was just another example of woodland being eroded to make way

for housing. " This is an area of predominantly young native birch

woodland which although of no commercial value and currently

under-managed, is nonetheless an important element of Forres's green

fabric and a natural extension of the town's environmental jewel in

the crown – Cluny Woodlands, " he said. Meantime, residents are unhappy

with safety and flooding issues arising from the proposed development.

Local couple Andy and Joanne Scott, who live on Clovenside Road, are

worried about the proposed access onto the site which would be next to

their home near a blind corner, with a build-up in traffic from new

residents and construction likely to cause problems. The only other

access could be from the back of the site, which would mean taking

down a stone wall and a row of other more mature trees. " What would

the people of Forres think about this? " she said. " A lot of people

come up this road and would be horrified if they knew they were going

to put a housing development in there. "

http://www.forres-gazette.co.uk/news/fullstory.php/aid/1668/Residents_up_in_arms\

_over_woodland

_housing.html

 

20) AN OFFENHAM couple who planted 2,000 trees in memory of their son

have officially handed over the area of woodland to the Vale Landscape

Heritage Trust. Lionel and Margaret Wilkes met with members from the

Trust at Ian's Wood in Bishampton, which contains native species of

trees and shrubs and makes a valuable contribution to the Vale

landscape, in a ceremony on Monday and unveiled a plaque stating the

new owners of the land. The couple, who are aged 80 and 75

respectively, planted Ian's Wood behind Ivy House Farm in the 1980s

with the help of activists from Friends of the Earth after their son,

Ian, died. He was autistic, epileptic and suffered from brain damage.

But now they have donated it to the trust to ensure it is well looked

after. Mr Wilkes said: " We wanted to make sure it is looked after in a

respectful and wildlife friendly manner and we know the trust will do

that. " Andy Davies, manager of the trust, said it was a great

occasion. " We are going to try keep it in the same manner as Lionel

and Margaret have done, as a memorial to their son. It is such a

beautiful piece of woodland and hopefully it will become an important

nature reserve, especially for butterflies, " he said.

http://www.eveshamjournal.co.uk/mostpopular.var.1537162.mostviewed.ians_wood_giv\

en_to_landscape

_trust.php

 

Turkey:

 

21) In Milas the culprit is the international real estate investment

company Capital Partners, currently set to open five square kilometers

of forest for human settlement. Undertaking the project is Bodrum

A.Åž., the Turkish representative of Capital Partners, which bought the

forested area for YTL 80 million. The company asserts that the land's

status as a forest was removed based on a court ruling, issued on the

grounds of a disputed expert report. Casting more doubt on the case

was a recent fire in the forested land and the Forestry Generalate's reluctance to appeal the initial court ruling removing

the forest status of the area. B Legal experts say the forest can only

be saved by a criminal complaint filed by public prosecutors.

Surrounding Bozbük Bay with a five-and-a-half-kilometer-long beach,

the area in question is home to 14 villages and its story dates back

as far as 1967. During that year villagers applied to court to annul

an 1882 Land Registry record listing the land as a forest. The Generalate of Forestry filed an appeal and the court process

continued for years. In 1991 four individuals claiming rights on five

kilometer square area became an intervening party in the case. However

a new court process was launched for the entire forest, which the four

said they had bought. In 1999 forestry engineers Doğan Bozkurt, Aydın

Yükselmiş and Yakup Dündar, in an expert report prepared for the

court, wrote that the entire area was 25 square kilometers with five

square kilometers of this total area having the character of a

" non-forested " area. In 2006 a report from the Milas branch of the

MuÄŸla Regional Forestry Directorate stated that the every square meter

of the five square kilometer area was forested, contrary to what the

expert report had suggested.

http://voicesnewspaper.com/modules.php?name=News & file=article & sid=921

 

Guyana:

 

22) I had calculated partly from the Initial Public Offering (IPO)

prospectus of the parent company, Samling Global Ltd., in March 2007

that about 408,000 ha were illegally managed by Barama. The conformity

assessment body, SGS Qualifor, has at last put on its website the

public summary of the report of its surveillance mission of November

2006 (url = ). This shows that the Amerindian areas under " bad faith "

logging agreements (illegal under the Amerindian Act 2006, Article 55

(1) (d) cover 72,000 hectares, instead of my previous estimate of

7,978 ha. So Barama is even more illegal than I had suggested and even

more than is revealed in its IPO prospectus. The SGS report is

explicit on the matter of Barama control over harvesting in the

landlorded areas: " BCL has a few other areas in Guyana (through joint

ventures or own) where it has control over its management " (page 63 in

SGS document AD 36-A-01). Barama's IPO confirms that Barama has no

interest in sustainable management of these landlorded concessions

(VI-68 and VI-69 in the IPO prospectus). Let us recapitulate the legal

and policy requirements of Guyana which Barama is infringing through

these illegal acquisitions.

http://www.stabroeknews.com/index.pl/article_letters?id=56524259

 

Ecuador:

 

23) We are now officially allied with the Ecuadorian government in the

effort to protect not just the Galapagos but the Amazonian Rainforest.

It means that we can solicit materials and financial support in the

name of the Ecuadorian government and the Ecuadorian National Police

and we can use their logos to promote our activities in the Galapagos.

It means we can do patrols, set up surveillance positions and we can

make arrests. It means we are officially an environmental law

enforcement agency. This week we met with the Ecuadorian

Vice-President, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Prime Minister,

and the Director General of the National Police. All of the meetings

were extremely positive. On the evening of July 5th, I was awarded the

Amazon Peace Prize from the Latin American Association for human

rights I signed an agreement with the National Police that we would

work in partnership to protect the Galapagos National Park and the

Amazonian National Parks. The Director General of the National Police

came directly from a meeting with the President of Ecuador where the

President authorized the Director General to sign the agreement with

the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. The United States Embassy sent

a representative to attend the ceremony. The Sea Shepherd Conservation

Society maintains a permanent office in the Galapagos and has provided

a full time patrol boat to the National Park. We are now seeking to

secure a patrol boat to operate in partnership with the Federal

Environmental Police. http://www.seashepherd.org " Sail forth - steer

for the deep waters only, Reckless O soul, exploring, I with thee and

thou with me, For we are bound where mariner has not yet dared to go,

And we will risk the ship, ourselves and all. " - Walt Whitman

 

Brazil:

 

24) Brazil's Environment Ministry entered a minefield when it proposed

a sustainable forest district to contain deforestation in the

steel-making centre of Carajás, one of the most devastated and violent

areas in the Amazon. With a resounding " 'No' to projects that involve

destruction and death, " local social and environmental movements

rejected the idea, which they see as a continuation of the

deforestation process of the eastern Amazon, aggravated by promotion

of eucalyptus monoculture to obtain charcoal to fuel the steel

factories. Meanwhile, the industry executives want to change the

legislation that requires preserving up to 80 percent of the forests

of existing properties within the boundaries of the " Legal Amazon " ,

encompassing nine Brazilian states. The local companies " will only

sustain themselves if there is a 50-percent reduction " in the forest

coverage quota, because there are too many agricultural problems and

previous deforestation, says Ricardo Nascimento, president of the Iron

Industrial Syndicate, of the north-eastern state of Maranhão. But that

move would trigger protests from a world increasingly mobilised

against climate change, one of whose principal causes is precisely the

deforestation of the vast Amazon region. The Carajás sustainable

forest district (DFS - Distrito Florestal Sustentável), proposed by

the government's newly created Forest Service and still under public

debate, has inflamed the environmental, agrarian and social battles

being fought in the region for five decades. Highway construction and

incentive policies to settle the region have fomented deforestation,

especially for lumber and livestock.

http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=38470

 

 

25) In Brazil, a rich carpet of green rolled over the Amazon River

city of Santarem thirty years ago, a vibrant virgin forest. But

satellite images of the area of Santarem, 600 miles from the mouth of

the Amazon River, show that where carbon-storing trees once stood,

cattle ranches and soy farms now proliferate. Greenpeace estimates

that between 2002 and 2005 deforestation in the Amazon has claimed an

area twice the size of Switzerland. An unlikely alliance is working to

stop to the destruction: The corporate colossus Cargill has teamed up

with the non-profit environmental group The Nature Conservancy in a

bid to reduce the footprint of soy farming on land that has been

illegally cleared around Santarem. Environmental experts from The

Nature Conservancy are trying to teach soy farmers in Santarem to be

good stewards of the land. " The first thing, " says agronomist Jose

Benito Guerrero, " is to restore vegetation cover, after that the

animals, then bio-diversity … will come back. " Cargill's Assistant

Vice President for Corporate Affairs Lori Johnson says the farmers

don't want to be " the international pariahs. " Government officials

concede, however, that not a single farmer in the area is in

compliance with Brazil's Forest Code, which is aimed at preserving the

world's largest rainforest.

http://www.csrwire.com/PressRelease.php?id=9097

 

26) The four unclothed visitors were a different kind of Kayapo. They

spoke in an antiquated tongue that seemed a precursor to the language

spoken in the village, located in the Capoto-Jarina Indian Reserve in

central Brazil. The four men had come from a tribe that had remained

in the forest, the brothers said, untouched by the modern world. Over

the next seven days, the doubt expressed by the villagers evaporated

when they saw more than 60 of the Indians emerge from the forest,

sleeping in huts on the edge of the village. Then as quickly as they

had come, the Indians disappeared. They haven't been seen since. The

Indians' brief appearance this spring was enough to put them into the

center of a debate that is increasingly challenging governments

throughout the Amazon region: How should the rights and territories of

isolated populations be protected when the locations of those groups

remain largely unknown? Why couldn't anyone get a picture? Why was no

one except the Kayapo allowed into the village? How could a group of

people remain uncontacted in the 21st century? Could someone be making

this whole story up for some sort of personal or political gain? " I

don't believe it -- this is an area with lots of loggers and farmers

who are always going out into the forest, making studies, " said Albeni

de Souza, 22, a university student who works in a hotel in Colider.

" Even the Indians from the tribes on reservations walk around the

forest all the time. Someone would have seen them before. " In recent

months, Brazil and Peru have set aside protected areas for so-called

uncontacted groups, which have never been spoken to and rarely -- if

ever -- glimpsed.

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/07/AR2007070701312.\

html

 

Honduras:

 

27) A villager who just wanted to protect a small nature reserve in

the forest faced intimidation and death threats from illegal " lumber

barons " . With his wife and seven children, Victor lives in a small

village in Olancho, an area of Honduras covered by 2.5 million

hectares of rich forest. More than half has already been cut down.

And, despite a presidential ban last year on logging from many parts

of Olancho, it continues apace. Victor started work on environmental

issues in 2000, when he and other villagers in his municipality joined

together to try to protect a small nature reserve called " La Picoña " -

which he describes as " the lungs of the village " - from being razed to

the ground to make way for new construction. Over the past four years,

he and his family have received numerous death threats by phone. In

March this year, unknown individuals drove past his home at ten in the

evening and fired gunshots outside the house. These are not idle

threats. On 20 December 2006, Heraldo Zúñiga and Roger Iván Cartagena,

members of the Environmentalist Movement of Olancho (MAO), the

organisation to which Victor belongs, were murdered. Reports say they

were stopped by four policemen, who lined them up against a wall and

fired 40 shots at them. The MAO has complained of persistent

intimidation and death threats against its members over the past year.

Only its leader, Father José Andrés Tamayo, has received any real

protection, after he was warned to leave the country or be killed. For

activists such as Victor, " protection " comes in the form of the

occasional visit to his home by the police, whom he has good reason to

fear. The rationale behind the threats, and these murders, is obvious.

MAO members campaign against deforestation, logging and mining

activity in Olancho. And there is big money in these businesses.

" Lumber barons " have great wealth and political power. And so the MAO

finds itself threatened by criminal elements connected to the timber

trade and by people in positions of power. The pattern spreads across

Olancho, where six environmentalists have been killed since 1997, and

across the whole of Honduras, where the timber industry is worth an

estimated $50m (£25.1m) a year. Numerous village communities have

faced threats and intimidation after they highlighted the damage done

by commercial interests to their local environment. Victor and his

colleagues have been forced to divert their attention from

environmental campaigning to speaking out publicly against the murder

of their colleagues and the authorities' failure to mount an adequate

investigation. http://www.newstatesman.com/200707050031

 

India:

 

28) KANNUR - Against the deep grey monsoon clouds looming large over

the sparkling greenery of northern Kerala, Kallan Pokkudan stood like

a hero, bearing his canoe's oar, a pole and a water bottle. " I am

going to inspect the mangrove,'' said the stocky, middle-aged farmer.

Monsoon is mangrove planting time and Pokkudan has planted 100,000

saplings with his own hands. Inspired by his work, the local youth and

the forest department have coved several acres along the backwaters

and estuaries here, making it the most lush stretch on this coastal

belt -- and Pokkudan a celebrity. There is a 22-species mangrove

forest that grows over a man's height around Pokkudan's village

nestled in a wetland. It is advancing now and even devouring unsown

paddy fields, but nobody minds. " It protects the villages here from

wind, storms and the water that gushes down from the mountains when it

rains. And gives us enough fish,'' said Pokkudan. Amid resort

construction, sand mining and other assaults on the delicate coast, it

is local conservation initiatives, such as restoring the mangrove

forests, that offer any hope that the natural contours of Kerala, a

rain-washed coastal strip, will stay intact. Besides mangrove, locals

are now recognising the value of sand bars that offer protection to

the coasts against the ravages of man and nature, but these have

fallen prey to sand miners who supply the construction industry. In

the southern district of Thiruvananthapuram, that houses the state

capital with the same name, T. Peter, president of the state's

independent fish workers' union, has been spending nights with his

colleagues guarding a strip of sand between the Veli backwaters and

the Arabian sea to save it from being carried away by sand miners and

sold to the construction industry. " Thanks to the thick sand bar that

the waves have created there, our village was saved from the sea

attacks this monsoon, " Peter said. Last year, sea water had entered

the village through a gouged out estuarine sand bar, devouring houses,

flooding the churchyard famous for the annual feast of St Anthony and

the open air theatre performances associated with it. " Studies

indicate that the warming of the troposphere (the lowest portion of

the atmosphere) increases moisture content of the atmosphere and is

associated with an increase in heavy rainfall events, " V. Venugopal of

the Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Indian Institute of

Science, Bangalore, told IPS.

http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=38466

 

Australia:

 

29) The NSW Government is poised to begin a massive sell-off of

publicly owned Crown lease land including 1.5 million hectares of

vegetated properties, much of which contains high conservation values,

threatened species and ecosystems underrepresented in reserves.

Environment groups have slammed the NSW Government for proceeding with

the sell-off in the absence of adequate safeguards that environmental

values will not be protected. The State Government has repeatedly

promised that, '... in circumstances where environmental values on

perpetual leases cannot be adequately protected by covenants and

restrictions, the lands will be retained in public ownership'. " As the

proposal stands, environment groups do not accept that this promise

can be delivered " said Andrew Cox, Executive Officer of the National

Parks Association. The mass sell-off of Crown leases, including tens

of thousands of hectares of Identified Wilderness, old-growth forest,

and endangered woodlands was due to commence on 1st July 2007. NPA

claims that the Government cannot ensure the protection of these

valuable ecological areas once in private hands. NPA can reveal today

that environmental protection of converted leases will not be possible

using the covenanting regime proposed by the Department of Lands under

a law written in 1919.

http://www.wilderness.org.au/campaigns/landclearing/iemma-to-sell-off-million-he\

ctares/

 

30) Environment groups today described the actions by farmers involved

in so-called 'National Tree Chop Day' as self destructive and urged

the NSW Government not to give into environmental vandalism and

blackmail. The groups will also support community demands for even

stronger tree protection laws as a result of these actions. In

response to media reports that irresponsible landholders have chopped

down 4,000 trees and will double efforts every day, NSW Minister for

the Environment, Phil Koperberg said on ABC Radio this morning that he

would prefer to talk with the organisers in preference to taking

strong legal action. The NSW Farmers Association has failed to condemn

the vandalism and industry lobby groups like the Australian Beef

Association are actively supporting it. " This minority of farmers are

destroying their own properties and are a perfect example of why we

need the tree protection laws. They are also destroying the reputation

of the majority of farmers and their associations who claim farmers

are environmentally responsible, " said Reece Turner, New South Wales

Campaigner with The Wilderness Society. " The NSW and Queensland

Governments promised to enforce and retain the tree clearing laws at

recent state elections, and we expect them to do just that. " Jeff

Angel, Director of Total Environment Centre, said farmers were misled

if they believed these actions would affect politicians in their

favour. " Environment groups have vowed to investigate all legal

options to protect the environment and make the general community

aware and active on this issue. If these farmers think this stunt is a

free ride to exert political pressure, then they should think again.

We expect the community will be demanding even more stringent laws as

a consequence of this episode. " Land clearing remains the number one

cause of wildlife extinctions, the number one cause of dryland

salinity, and a significant cause of global warming, " said Mr Angel.

http://www.wilderness.org.au/campaigns/landclearing/vandals/

 

31) Five people have been arrested after blockading forestry

operations in the Styx Valley, in Tasmania's south-west. Protesters

used a car wreck to block the Styx Valley Bridge and the Maydena end

of the Styx Road, to try to stop loggers from accessing the area. One

man, who had his arm inside a steel pipe which was concreted into the

road, became stuck and had to be freed. Two women and three men, all

in their twenties, have been charged with several offences including

committing a nuisance and obstructing police. Protest spokesman, Peter

Firth, says about 15 people remain in the forest. " This is a very

significant area and we need to make greater steps to see that it's

protected,'' said Mr Firth. Forestry Tasmania's Ken Jeffreys says the

protesters' actions are frustrating. " Not that many months ago we

negotiated a memorandum of understanding to prevent these sort of

illegal and dangerous protests from taking place, " he said. The

protesters say they will stay as long as possible.

http://abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/07/09/1974054.htm

 

32) Australia will create a wildlife corridor spanning the continent

to allow animals and plants to flee the effects of global warming,

scientists said on Monday. The 2,800-kilometer (1,740 mile) climate

" spine, " approved by state and national governments, will link the

country's entire east coast, from the snow-capped Australian alps in

the south to the tropical north -- the distance from London to

Romania. " A lot of that forest and vegetation spine is already there.

But there are still blockages, " David Lindenmayer, a professor of

conservation biology, told Reuters of the plan. " The effects of

climate change will likely to be less severe in systems that have some

resilience and that we haven't gone in and buggered-up. " The creation

of the corridor was agreed by state and federal governments this year

amid international warnings that the country -- already the world's

driest inhabited continent -- is suffering from an accelerated

Greenhouse effect. Climate scientists have predicted temperatures

rising by up to 6.7 degrees Celsius (12 degrees Fahrenheit) by 2080 in

the country's vast outback interior. A 10-year drought is expected to

slash one percent from the A$940 billion ($803 billion) economy. The

corridor, under discussion since the 1990s as the argument in support

of climate change strengthened, will link national parks, state

forests and government land. It will help preserve scores of

endangered species. " We are talking a very long-term vision, a land

use that values keeping the eastern forests in place over past uses

like landclearing, " said Graeme Worboys from the IUCN, the world

conservation union. Lindenmayer, from the Australian National

University, said governments would need also to work with private

landholders to link the corridor through voluntary conservation

agreements. " Given only 10 percent of Australia's landscapes are going

to be in formal reserves, we are going to have to be far cleverer

about how we manage the country outside, " he said.

http://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUSSYD14547020070709

 

33) The Burnie City Council in Tasmania's north-west has passed a

motion that will ensure its aldermen have the chance to object to new

plantation forests in the area. Private timber reserves are approved

under the Forest Practices Act, but councils have the right to object

to plantations if they deem the developments are against the public

interest. Burnie aldermen have said they want to be consulted each

time an application for a private timber reserve comes to the council.

The alderman who proposed the motion, Malcolm Ryan, says it's one of

the few options available for people to have a say on the approval of

plantations. " If they're taking over good farm land which is going to

affect our beef production or our milk production or going to affect

our water resources, " he said, " then the Burnie City Council has the

right to object to a timber reserve under its 'against the public

interest' provision. "

http://abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/07/09/1974065.htm

 

World wide:

 

34) A new study published in SCIENCE Magazine evaluates the ways that

mankind has, over time, significantly altered its environment,

resulting in increased vulnerability to natural disasters, species

extinction, and disease transmission. The study, " Domesticated Nature:

Shaping Landscapes and Ecosystems for Human Welfare, " was conducted by

scientists at The Nature Conservancy, Santa Clara University, and

Harvard University. It examines specific cases where such alterations

— originally intended to increase food production, reduce risk, and

enhance global commerce — have ultimately caused negative,

unanticipated impacts on human well-being and natural systems. " The

world is at a tipping point whereby the alterations of landscapes and

oceans are causing a net decline in human well-being around the

world, " said Peter Kareiva, chief scientist at The Nature Conservancy

and lead author of the report. " The effects of domesticating nature

can be seen everywhere, from noticeable problems like pollution to

less apparent issues such as devastated coastal zones and deadly algae

blooms caused by excessive nutrient run-off into watersheds and river

basins. " In the report, researchers noted that throughout history,

humans have successfully grazed and cultivated crops, suppressed

wildfires, developed coastlines to protect against storm surges,

hunted wild species and harvested oceans. These efforts have no doubt

enhanced the well-being and quality of life for millions, and the

success of global economies can be largely attributed to such

alterations of our natural world. Yet researchers also found that the

inadvertent consequences of these adaptations have been appearing with

increased frequency in recent decades, and many of these unforeseen

effects are negative. For example, the report notes that more than

half of the world's forests have been destroyed as a result of land

conversion, and today's experts estimate that deforestation accounts

for nearly 25 percent of all carbon emissions worldwide.

http://www.nature.org/tncscience/science/art21687.html

 

35) Destruction of mangrove forests could leave the world deprived of

their important ecological services by the end of a century, warns an

international team of scientists writing in the July 6th issue of the

journal Science. Mangrove forests, which once covered more than

200,000 square kilometers of coastline, have been diminished by 35-86

percent in extent in locations around the world, according to the U.N.

Food an Agriculture Organization, and are critically endangered or

approaching extinction in 26 out of the 120 countries in which they

are found. Further, mangrove forests are disappearing at a rate of 1-2

percent per year, a pace that surpasses the destruction of adjacent

ecosystems, coral reefs and tropical rainforests. These losses,

combined with increasing fragmentation of mangroves, reduces their

viability and the quality of the services--including controlling

coastal erosion, buffering against storm damage, and serving as a

refuge for wildlife--they provide. " Effective governance structures,

socioeconomic risk policies, and education strategies are needed now

to enable societies around the world to reverse the trend of mangrove

loss and ensure that future generations enjoy the ecosystem services

provided by such valuable natural ecosystems, " they conclude. Mangrove

forest is found in silt-rich, saline habitats worldwide, generally

along large river deltas, estuaries, and coastal areas. It is

characterized by low tree diversity, almost exclusively mangroves,

with a low broken canopy. Mangroves are evergreen trees and shrubs

that are well adapted to their salty and swampy habitat by having

breathing roots (pneumatophores) that emerge from the oxygen-deficient

mud to absorb oxygen.

http://news.mongabay.com/2007/0705-mangroves.html

 

36) Unfortunately, trees grow rather slowly. And particularly when

they're small, they don't sequester much carbon. The small print on

tree-planting offsets typically indicate a 40-year maturity. If you

buy a tree-based offset today, you're sponsoring a reduction that

won't be complete until 2047, by which time we'll either be living in

hurricane-proof seaside bunkers in the Rockies or flying around in

hydrogen-fueled jet cars. A second concern with tree-based offsets is

permanence. An offset is only an offset if the reduction is real and

ongoing. Trees have an unfortunate habit of dying or being cut down.

Particularly given the time frames involved, with all the attendant

issues over land rights, it can be very tricky to say what will happen

to an individual forest several decades down the road. Some offset

companies claim to guard against this risk by padding their tree

offset purchases, but such tactics don't seem to guard against

large-scale deforestation. There are additional problems with

tree-planting projects, which I catalog below. But before delivering

the whole list, I want to provide some perspective to this downbeat

picture. The first bit of perspective is that tree-planting projects

make up an extremely small percentage of offsetting projects

worldwide. For example, reforestation accounts for 6 out of 1,783

projects in the CDM pipeline. Consumers are disproportionately aware

of trees because such projects make up a disproportionate share of the

tiny voluntary market. As mentioned, marketers love these projects

because they're cheap and consumer-friendly. I wish this weren't so,

but it doesn't really affect the worldwide market very greatly.

http://gristmill.grist.org/story/2007/7/10/84942/4328

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