FW: FACTORY FARM TIGERS

[Guest guest]

William Tung

Sunday, June 10, 2007 11:15 PM

 

DAILY MAIL (London)

March 12, 2007 Monday

1664 words

 

FACTORY FARM TIGERS

 

FROM DANNY PENMAN IN SOUTH-EAST CHINA

 

CRUEL ALMOST BEYOND BELIEF, THIS CHINESE FARM BREEDS HUNDREDS OF

TIGERS IN ROWS OF BATTERY CAGES . . . SO THEY CAN BE KILLED AND

TURNED INTO WINE

 

KING, the Siberian tiger, stares at me through the bars of his cage.

His two beautiful, graceful companions pace back and forth across

their tiny compound. They look crushingly bored. The most exciting

thing they can do is paw mournfully at the dirty pools of rainwater

on the floor of their cage.

 

Although the Xiongsen tiger park, near Guilin in south-east China,

appears to be a depressingly typical Third World zoo, with a theme

park restaurant and open areas where tigers roam, it actually hides

a far more sinister secret: it's a factory farm breeding tigers to

be eaten and to be made into wine.

 

In row upon row of sheds, hundreds of tigers are incarcerated in

battery-like cages which they never leave until they are

slaughtered.

 

Visitors to the park can dine on strips of stir-fried tiger with

ginger and Chinese vegetables. Also on the menu are tiger soup and a

spicy red curry made with tenderised strips of the big cat. Visitors

can wash it all down with a glass or two of wine made from Siberian

tiger bones.

 

A waitress at the farm's restaurant tells me proudly: 'The tiger

meat is produced here. It's our business. When Government officials

come here, we kill a tiger for them so they have fresh meat. Other

visitors are given meat from tigers killed in fights. We now have

140 tigers in the freezer.

 

'We also sell lion meat, bear's paw, crocodile and snake. The bear's

paw has to be ordered in advance as it takes a long time to cook.'

 

The waitress clearly does not care that she is selling meat and wine

from endangered species. She is not worried that selling them is

against Chinese and international law, and helps to fuel the

poaching that is driving tigers to extinction.

 

Tigers and other endangered species are being reared on an

industrial scale throughout China, despite international treaties

forbidding this. The Mail discovered three factory farms breeding

tigers in China. The Guilin farm alone has 1,300 tigers, including

the incredibly rare and elusive Siberian sub-species.

 

It rears and slaughters Bengal, South China and White tigers. More

than 300 African lions and 400 Asiatic black bears are also reared

here for food and traditional Chinese medicines.

 

The Chinese authorities claim that farms like the one at Guilin are

a vital part of the country's conservation efforts, and that they

will one day release these endangered creatures back into the wild.

 

But my visit to the Xiongsen Bear and Tiger Mountain Village shows

their real intention could not be more different. For the fact is

that these animals could never survive in the wild.

 

HAVING spent their lives in tiny, battery-style units, they cannot

hunt and would be dead within days of being released. Each shed at

the tiger farm -- and I saw at least 100 -- houses between three and

five tigers in a space no larger than a typical family living room.

In relative terms, they have about as much space as a battery hen.

 

The animals have all been bred on the farm. The cubs are taken from

their mothers at three months and put in a kindergarten. I saw

around 30 tiger cubs in this creche, where they stay until they are

old enough to be transferred to the battery units.

 

Many of the youngsters kept leaping at the fencing. The younger ones

simply wanted to play like kittens. The older cubs were already

showing signs of stress.

 

Tigers are naturally solitary creatures that roam over dozens of

square miles, so it's hardly surprising that life in the cages

drives them insane. I saw numerous examples of stress-related

repetitive behaviour.

 

The mature animals paced back and forth across their cages for hours

on end -- three steps forward, three steps back. Some hurled

themselves at the bars of their prison cells, while others simply

stared into space.

 

Over-crowding drives the creatures to attack each other, often

resulting in death. Officially it is only the tigers killed in such

fights that can be eaten or turned into wine. But it is clear that

many of them die as a result of a bullet to the head.

 

They are not the only animals killed.

 

For entertainment, visitors to the animal park can watch the 'live

killing exhibition', a sick spectacle in which animals are 'hunted'

and torn to pieces by tigers while onlookers cheer.

 

I watched in horror as a young cow was stalked and caught by a

tiger. Its screams filled the air as it struggled.

 

A wild tiger would dispatch its prey within moments, but these

tigers' natural killing skills have been blunted by years of

captivity. The tiger tried to kill -- tearing, biting at the cow's

body in a pathetic-looking frenzy -- but it simply didn't know how.

 

Eventually, the keepers stepped in and put the cow out of its misery.

 

VIRTUALLY all the tigers from the Guilin farm end up at a winery 100

miles to the north, their carcasses dumped in huge vats of rice wine

and left to rot for up to nine years.

 

The Chinese believe that the tiger's strength passes into the wine

as its body decomposes. They also believe that it is a powerful

medicine that wards off arthritis, strengthens bones and acts as a

general tonic.

 

Smelling like a mixture of methylated spirits, antiseptic and

congealed meat, it is difficult to believe that anyone would

willingly drink it, and yet people pay up to ?00 a pint for it.

 

The Guilin farm also has its own small winery and acts as a

distribution centre across China. The distribution manager showed me

around with a Chinese tourist.

 

A small dingy office acts as the nerve centre of the warehouse. On

the wall were charts showing that day's deliveries of tiger wine

across China. Six crates were sent to Wuhan and another to Tianjing.

Six crates of 'powdered bear' were sent to Shanghai. Numerous other

cities and countless deliveries were also listed.

 

We were led into the warehouse, where I was hit with the disgusting

and potent aroma of tiger wine. I was led past countless crates

containing the foul-smelling brew. In the corner of the warehouse

was a huge brown earthenware vat. It must have held at least 50

gallons, and its contents were probably worth around ?2,000.

 

'We have three ages of wine,' said the manager. 'Three, six or nine-

years old. It helps with arthritis and strengthens old people's

bones.'

 

She slid aside the lid of the earthenware vat to reveal a reddish-

brown liquid with an overpowering smell of meths. A piece of string

was pulled out of the vat. Attached to the end was a tiger's rib

cage. Small slivers of dark red flesh could still be seen clinging

to the bone, even though it had probably been in the vat for at

least three years.

 

The manager then filled up an old plastic water bottle with a pint

of wine and handed it to my fellow tourist. He paid ?0 for it.

 

Whatever westerners think of tiger wine, the Chinese regard it as a

potent drink with almost magical qualities. In the past, a Chinese

doctor may have prescribed small quantities of wine for a short

period of time.

 

But in recent years, big companies have moved into the market and

industrialised all parts of the industry. Now the wine is becoming

an essential drink for China's corrupt bureaucrats and the nation's

nouveaux riches.

 

Conservationists say tiger farming is not only barbaric, it could

lead to the animal's extinction in the wild.

 

'It is stimulating demand for meat and wine, and this will

inevitably lead to more poaching,' says Grace Gabriel, of the

International Fund for Animal Welfare.

 

'It costs ?,000 to raise a tiger from a cub to maturity in one of

these farms, while it costs no more than ?0 in India to poach one.

On the market, a dead tiger can fetch ?0,000.

 

'With such a huge margin, it is inevitable that more people will

poach wild tigers if demand increases,' she adds. 'There are only a

few thousand tigers left in the wild, and the last thing they need

is increased demand for their body parts.'

 

If present trends continue, tigers could be extinct in the wild

within a decade. Three subspecies have already vanished. Chinese

tigers are down to a pitiful 20 animals in the wild and

are 'functionally extinct'.

 

There are only about 450 Siberian tigers left in Russia's Far East.

The remaining 3-4,000 are sparsely scattered across India, Nepal and

South-East Asia.

 

The trouble is that, as tigers become rarer in the wild,

their 'street value' increases, which in turn encourages even more

poaching.

 

Tigers have already become extinct in India's most famous reserve at

Sariska. Numbers have plunged in several other reserves, too.

 

Most of these tigers will have been sold to traders in China. The

Chinese authorities do virtually nothing to clamp down on this

illegal trade, and many corrupt bureaucrats and police earn

substantial sums from it.

 

And demand is continuing to increase as ever more bizarre uses for

tigers are promoted.

 

Tiger whiskers are used to 'cure' laziness and protect against

bullets. Their brains, when mixed with oil and rubbed on the skin,

are promoted as a cure for acne. Penises are used as aphrodisiacs,

while hearts apparently impart courage, cunning and strength.

 

Tiger farmers also have their eyes on the 2008 Olympics in Beijing.

They hope that a huge influx of tourists will lead to increased

demand for tiger wine.

 

Although it is illegal to trade internationally in such tiger

products as wine, the Chinese are lobbying hard to get the law

relaxed. This June, the Chinese Government is expected to press the

Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)

to allow the trade in 'medicines' such as wine produced from farmed

tigers.

 

If agreed, it will lead to a massive increase in tiger farming and

tens of thousands of these noble beasts will spend their lives in

battery cages.

 

If the Chinese get their way, then it will almost certainly drive

the tigers over the cliff into extinction.

 

It is almost too late to save this magnificent creature -- but not

quite.

 

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