(IN) The temple elephant tragedy in India

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*http://www.tehelka.com/story_main39.asp?filename=Ne100508a_jumbo.asp*

*A Jumbo Tragedy*

 

*The failure to enforce rules and stressful use at temple events are forcing

elephants in Kerala to run amok*

 

*KA SHAJI*

*Thrissur and Kochi*

Photo: SK Mohan

 

EVERY SUMMER, a tragedy unfolds in Kerala. Somewhere or the other, elephants

trained to participate in temple festivals turn on their trainers and the

religious congregation around them and stampede. Sometimes, they kill

people. On April 24, an elephant ran amok at a temple near the coastal

Thrissur city trampling an elderly woman to death and killing two men,

including a mahout (while its own sat atop terrified) who it impaled on its

tusk. It took two hours to control the animal. By the time the elephant was

brought to heel 90 minutes later, it had also destroyed portions of the

temple. This is the season of the Thrissur pooram festival when elephants

are taken and form part of processions to mark one of the most significant

Hindu religious festivals in Kerala. This incident occurred around noon when

the elephant was being taken out of the temple for a ceremonial procession.

 

Animal rights activists say the temple tragedy underlines the serious flaws

in the management of captive, or tamed, elephants in Kerala. Since January,

rampaging elephants have killed 18 people, including eight mahouts, across

Kerala. According to the Kerala Elephant Lovers' Association, a group of

passionate advocates for the beast, the elephants' fury continues because of

the failure of the government to enforce the rules set out for the

management of the captive elephants. " How can civil society continue to

ignore the failure to adhere to the norms? " asks VK Venkitachalam, head of

the association, who alleges that the authorities at the temple where the

elephant rampaged had not complied with an order of the Kerala High Court

specifying the do's and don'ts for the use of elephants at such events. The

court's order included a restraint on the display of the captive elephants

between 11 am and 3 pm as stipulated by the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.

 

ACCORDING TO the government rules, organisers must begin providing the

forest department daily fitness certificates for the elephants from three

days before an event begins. But such certificates are submitted in bulk

only to get the requirement out of the way. Says Radha Krishnan, an elephant

lover: " Earlier, only kings and lords owned elephants. Now, they are a

necessity at temples, churches and mosques. With a steady increase in number

of festivals, the casualty also increases. "

 

Many elephants are made to quickly cover many kilometres between temples

during the January-May festival season. " Elephant owners and trainers are

warned every year to care for their animals,'' says noted environmentalist

PK Uthaman. " But many elephants still have to endure unhealthy living

conditions and are underfed. " Adds another expert, KC Panicker: " The number

of elephants participating in festivals is very large, about 50 to 60. That

has to be reduced. All elephants have to be given a fitness certificate by a

veterinary surgeon. "

 

Last year, the Kerala government announced that committees will be set up in

each of the state's 14 districts to ensure that Captive Elephant Management

Rules were

Photo: SK Mohan

 

followed. Such committees were to include forest officials and activists.

But no committee has been set up in any district even as elephants run crazy

and kill people, and temples continue to use elephants in their events.

 

" It not just their beauty but also the faith that the elephant represents

Lord Ganesha that makes the elephant crucial for our festival events, " says

P. Chandrasekharan, who runs one of the city's temple administrative bodies,

the Thiruvambadi Devaswom. In most cases, long working hours in sweltering

heat and dehydration puts elephants under extreme stress. " We cannot

directly interfere with individual temple administrative bodies, " G.

Sudakaran, who heads the ministry that exclusively caters to the management

of such temple bodies, told TEHELKA. Admitting that it was cruelty that

forced the beasts to the violence, the minister adds: " We will try to bring

in new legislation to stop the use of elephants. "

 

But a ban on the use of elephants in temples would be easily flouted in

festival-crazy Kerala. Elephant lovers as well as festival organisers say

that the need of the hour is a consensus that will bring down the abuse of

the animal. Pointing out that the elephant is Kerala's state animal and that

the state government's emblem also has two elephants in it, government

official KP Sreekumar says almost all festival events have at least one

richly caparisoned elephant.

 

Currently, some 700 elephants are in captivity across the state. About 260

are with the devaswoms, the temple bodies, while 440 are individually owned.

The largest private collection is 14 elephants. Earlier, only the high-caste

Namboodiris owned elephants. But elephant ownership is now seen as symbolic

of wealth and prestige. Kerala Forest Minister Binoy Viswam had last year

said that all elephants will be 'retired' at the age of 65 years. But no

followup action has been taken. His other elephantfriendly initiatives such

as fixed work hours and safe transportation for the elephants also remain on

paper.

 

" The Kerala Elephant Owners' Association would welcome scientific

initiatives on the part of the government to avoid tragedies. We have to

compile a proper set of rules to decide what needs to be done when elephants

run amok, " says the association's representative P. Sasi Kumar.

 

In Kerala, elephants rarely breed in captivity. Capturing them from the

forests is banned. They are now being bought from Bihar, West Bengal and the

Northeast.

 

The cost of each calf varies from Rs 1.5 lakh to Rs 3 lakh. The journey to

Kerala lasts up to 15 days. Once trained, elephants are rented at the rate

of Rs 15,000 for a three-hour programme. Such events invariably begin around

noon and the elephants are made to stand in the sun and denied water for

long periods. " There is a misconception that elephants fan their ears and

dance because they appreciate the music, " says EK Easwaran, an elephant

expert. " Actually, elephants fan their ears to cool their bodies and dance

on their feet to get away from the hot tar. "

 

After a long strenuous walk in the hot sun, when the animals are hungry and

thirsty, their mahouts feed them and take them to water. But instead of

bringing them much relief, this actually clogs their intestines, says

Easwaran.

 

Elephants, he says, can never be completely domesticated and always desire

to return to the wild. A mahout puts the elephant under stress by hitting it

when it disobeys commands. " Captive elephants are always made to work even

when there is no work,'' says Easwaran. Clearly, man or beast, there is only

so much repression that a living being can take, as the rampaging elephant

showed at Thrissur.

 

*WRITER'S E-MAIL

*shaji <http://www.tehelka.com/shaji (AT) tehelka (DOT) com>