Studying Sanskrit

[Jagat]

Could anyone explain to me why a space of several lines precedes the table that I put in this last document, and why the font size changed?

 

Thanks.

[Jahnava Nitai Das]

The problem is that the UBB cgi script is adding line breaks '< br >' at the end of each line in the table. This is somehow getting applied before the table (don't ask me how internet explorer reads it like that, I get a headache just thinking of these things).

 

My guess is that the UBB script has a filter to harmonize the difference between HTML and the UBB text format. For example in HTML spaces and returns are ignored, whereas in UBB texts they aren't.

 

My speculation is that your HTML table would need to be done in one single line of text with no space or enters (like a run-on sentence). This way the UBB script won't read the enters and insert the < br >. But can it be done and pasted into the message window without getting broken up?

 

[This message has been edited by jndas (edited 07-06-2001).]

[Jagat]

<center><table border=5><font size=-2><tr><td>Adverb<td>Time<td>Place<td>Manner</tr><tr><td>interrog.<td>kadA <td>kutra <td>katham <td> </tr><tr><td>trans..<td>when?<td>where?<td>how?<td></tr> <tr><td>relative <td>yadA<td>yatra<td>yathA<td></tr> <tr><td>trans.<td>when<td>where<td>as<td></tr><tr><td>correlative <td>tadA <td>tatra <td>tathA </tr> <tr> <td>trans. <td>then <td>there <td>so <td> </tr> <tr> <td>universal <td> sadA <td>sarvatra <td>sarvathA </tr> <tr> <td>interrog. <td>always <td>everywhere <td>in every way <td> </tr></table> </center></font>

 

[Jagat]

Ok. Looks like that does it. Thank you very much, Prabhu.

[Guest guest]

Originally posted by Jagat:

Ok. Looks like that does it. Thank you very much, Prabhu.

Yes, sometimes the speculation can bring spectacular results!

 

 

[gauraprema]

Dear Prabhujis,

 

Dandavats. Jai SRi Sri Guru Gauranga!

 

Perhaps the Sanskrit forum might not be the best place to post this, but since we are on learning languages, I was wondering if anyone may be able to direct me to books on the learning of Bengali. Since the books of Srila Narottama das Thakura are in Bengali and I need to study them, I will need to learn some, so any help would be much appreciated. Thanks!

 

Haribol!

 

Your servant,

Sudevi dasi

[Tarun]

1) dhenuH grAmyaH pazuH = Cow is country animal.

2) dhenuH madhuraM dugdhaM dadAti = Cow gives sweet milk.

3) sA dhAnyaM tRNaM ghAsaM ca bhaxayati = She eats grain, grass and straw.

4) dhenoH dugdhaM dadhi bhavati = Cow's milk changes to curd.

5) dadhi mathitvA taktaM sAdhayanti = They churn curd to make buttermilk.

 

[Ajay Shah]

Previously posted by T.S.

Dear Prabhujis,

Dandavats. Jai SRi Sri Guru Gauranga!

 

Perhaps the Sanskrit forum might not be the best place to post this, but since we are on learning languages, I was wondering if anyone may be able to direct me to books on the learning of Bengali. Since the books of Srila Narottama das Thakura are in Bengali and I need to study them, I will need to learn some, so any help would be much appreciated. Thanks!

 

Haribol!

 

Your servant,

Sudevi dasi

You dumbbitch. Just admit you were wrong in saying bengali is a vernacular like english (not vernacular but an indirect direct import from india like basmati rice).

 

Y Our Servant,

 

BHaktin Neha.

[Jagat]

Dear J.N. Prabhu,

 

It's very tiresome, I know, but this Bhaktin Neha needs to be reprimanded for this use of language. Could you please do the needful?

 

Your servant,

 

Jagadananda Das.

[Tarun]

1) dhenuH grAmyaH pazuH = Cow is country animal.

2) dhenuH madhuraM dugdhaM dadAti = Cow gives sweet milk.

3) sA dhAnyaM tRNaM ghAsaM ca bhaxayati = She eats grain, grass and straw.

4) dhenoH dugdhaM dadhi bhavati = Cow's milk changes to curd.

5) dadhi mathitvA taktaM sAdhayanti = They churn curd to make buttermilk.

6) DadhnaH navanItaM jAyate = Butter forms from curd.

7) navanItAt ghrtaM bhavati = From butter ghee forms.

8) dhenoH xiraM, dadhi, taktaM, ghrtaM ca pathyAni bhavanti

Cow's milk, curd, buttermilk and ghee are good for health.

9) bhArata-deze janaiH dhenuH pujyate

Cow is being worshipped by people in India (land).

10) dhenoH dve zRnge vartete = Cow has two horns.

Notice in 1) no verb is required.

Copula - when to be verb is understood, ergo no need.

Thus, these 3 consecutive words "cow village beast" = The cow is a village animal.

In sentences 2 thru 10, notice Sanskrt's word order (mentality).

Something like "literal frontloading" (verb last).

2) Cow sweet milk gives.

3) She grain grass, straw and/too eats.

4) Of cow milk curd becomes.

5) Curd having churned buttermilk (they) make.

6) From curd butter arises - advents - appears.

There's a mistake in sentence 6. Can you detect it?

7) From butter ghee becomes - is - forms.

8) Of/from cow milk curd, buttermilk, ghee and/also/too healthy are.

Can 8 be translated slightly differently?

9) In India, by people cow worshipped.

10) Of/from cow 2 horns exists.

"To have" is formulated in Russian and Sanskrt indirectly.

Instead of "Cows have 2 horns" ~ {of cow 2 horns (there) exists}.

 

[Tarun]

11) tasyAH ekaM dIrghaM pucchaM asti |

From/to her one long tail is.

She has one long tail.

12) tasyAH catvAraH pAdAH santi |

From/to her 4 legs are.

13) dhenavaH zuklAH, zyAmAH, raktAz ca bhavanti |

Cows white, black, red and are/become.

14) zizavaH rugNAz ca dhenu-dugdhaM pibanti |

Children sickmen and cow's milk drink.

15) dhenoH paripAlanaM xemAya bhavati |

Of cows (cows') protection prosperity brings.

[Tarun]

maNDUkaH mUSikaz ca = Frog and Mouse

(juggle word order where need be)

1) kasmiMzcit taTAke ko'pi maNDukaH avartat |

In certain tank there existed/lived frog.

2) tasya taTAkasya tIre kazcana muSikaH vasati sma |

Of that (same) of tank along bank certain mouse living was.

3) kAlakrameNa maNDUkaH mUSikaz ca mitre abhavatAm |

Gradually frog mouse and friends became.

4) kadAcit mUSikaH taTAke plavanaM aicchat |

Once mouse in tank swim desired.

5) kintu saH plavanaM na jAnAti sma |

But he/it knew not how to swim...

to be continued...

right now...

Where were we? Oh yes, almost swimming

6) ataH tau Alocya rajjvA svapAdau abadhnItAm |

Ergo, they 2 consulted with thread their feet tied.

7) maNDUkaH jale utplutya itastataH plavate sma |

Frog in water jumped hither thither swim was.

8) tat pAda baddhaH mUSakaH api tena saha jale acarat |

That leg bound mouse also it with in water moved.

9) itthaM tau cirAya jale plavana-sukhaM anvabhavatAm |

In this way, they 2 ______ in water swimming enjoyed.

10) tasmin samaye kazcit gRdhraH Dayale sma |

In/at that time certain vulture/eagle above flying was.

11) saH jalopari plavamAnaM mUSikaH apazyat |

He water above swimming mouse saw.

12) saH jhaDiti sva pAdAbhyAM taM agRhNAt |

He at once with his legs him caught.

13) hanta! mUSikeNa saha tat pAda baddhaH maNDUko'pi lambate sma |

Alas! mouse with that leg bound frog also hanging was |

14) gRdhraH maNDUka mUSikau prApya tuSTaH abhaxayat |

Vulture/eagle frog mouse both grabbed happily ate.

15) sthalavAsI mUSikaH jalavAsinA maNDUkena maitrIM akarot |

Land dwelling mouse with water-dwelling frog friendship made.

16) tena ubhAvapi sahaiva mRtyuM prAptavantau

|

Due to this both too with like death achieved.

17) ataH samayor eva maitrI zobhate |

Ergo, of 2 same certainly friendship works/is beautiful.

In sentence 9, what does cirAya mean?

[animesh]

Does "cirAya" here mean "for a long time"?

[Tarun]

Sounds good. cira, cirAya - dative suffix

In ZrI RUpa manjarI-pada, our ZrIla Narottam dAs ThAkur pleads:

cira-dina tApita jIvana

For the rest of my life my soul will be burning.

Remaining days burning life

Bengalis pronounce cira as ciro - chiro.

Sanghe-zaktiH ~ Strength in Numbers ~ Group Power

1) kasyacit vRddhasya catvAraH putrAH Asan |

Of certain old man 4 sons were.

2) te sadA parasparaM kalahAyamAnA Asan|

They always among themselves quarrelsome were.

3) bahudhA prayatamAno'pi saH vRddhaH teSu paraspara-prItiH kalpayituM azaktaH abhavat |

However much he tried, that old man amongst them friendly/affectionate to each other make unable was.

4) kadAcit saH vRddhaH maraNatalpe avartata |

One day that old man on his death bed was (lying).

5) putrAH sarve tat talpasya parisare Asan |

Sons all of his bed at side were.

6) vRddhaH teSu kaNcit AhUya 'kASTha-bandhaM ekaM Anaya' iti AjnAyata |

Old man amonst them one caled "Stick-bundle one bring" thus ordered.

7) saH tathaiva kaSTha-bandhaM Aharat

He accordingly stick-bundle brought. Sounds good. cira, cirAya - dative suffix

In ZrI RUpa manjarI-pada, our ZrIla Narottam dAs ThAkur pleads:

cira-dina tApita jIvana

For the rest of my life my soul will be burning.

Bengalis pronounce cira as ciro - chiro.

Sanghe-zaktiH ~ Strength in Numbers ~ Group Power

1) kasyacit vRddhasya catvAraH putrAH Asan |

Of certain old man 4 sons were.

2) te sadA parasparaM kalahAyamAnA Asan|

They always among themselves quarrelsome were.

3) bahudhA prayatamAno'pi saH vRddhaH teSu paraspara-prItiH kalpayituM azaktaH abhavat |

However much he tried, that old man amongst them friendly/affectionate to each other make unable was.

4) kadAcit saH vRddhaH maraNatalpe avartata |

One day that old man on his death bed was (lying).

5) putrAH sarve tat talpasya parisare Asan |

Sons all of his bed at side were.

6) vRddhaH teSu kaNcit AhUya 'kASTha-bandhaM ekaM Anaya' iti AjnAyata |

Old man amonst them one caled "Stick-bundle one bring" thus ordered.

7) saH tathaiva kaSTha-bandhaM Aharat

He accordingly stick-bundle brought. Sounds good. cira, cirAya - dative suffix

In ZrI RUpa manjarI-pada, our ZrIla Narottam dAs ThAkur pleads:

cira-dina tApita jIvana

For the rest of my life my soul will be burning.

Bengalis pronounce cira as ciro - chiro.

Sanghe-zaktiH ~ Strength in Numbers ~ Group Power

1) kasyacit vRddhasya catvAraH putrAH Asan |

Of certain old man 4 sons were.

2) te sadA parasparaM kalahAyamAnA Asan|

They always among themselves quarrelsome were.

3) bahudhA prayatamAno'pi saH vRddhaH teSu paraspara-prItiH kalpayituM azaktaH abhavat |

However much he tried, that old man amongst them friendly/affectionate to each other make unable was.

4) kadAcit saH vRddhaH maraNatalpe avartata |

One day that old man on his death bed was (lying).

5) putrAH sarve tat talpasya parisare Asan |

Sons all of his bed at side were.

6) vRddhaH teSu kaNcit AhUya 'kASTha-bandhaM ekaM Anaya' iti AjnAyata |

Old man amonst them one caled "Stick-bundle one bring" thus ordered.

7) saH tathaiva kaSTha-bandhaM Aharat

He accordingly stick-bundle brought.

[Jagat]

Originally posted by Tarun:

vRddhaH putreSu ekaikaM AhUya, "kASTha-bandhaM enaM bhanjaya" ity uvAca |

8) Old man among sons one by one called "stick bundle this break" thus said.

9) kintu, kopi taM bhanjayituM na azaknot |

But, anyone it break not able.

In sentence 8, what does enaM mean?

In sentence 9, what does kopi mean?

enaM is accusative of "this". It's an alternative form of etaM, not a separate pronoun.

 

kopi is ko'pi kaH api in sandhi. It means "someone." It is like kazcana. See Bhagavata 10.14.2, 10.14.29-30 (a clearer example).

 

 

[Tarun]

vRddhaH putreSu ekaikaM AhUya, "kASTha-bandhaM enaM bhanjaya" ity uvAca |

8) Old man among sons one by one called "stick bundle this break" thus said.

9) kintu, kopi taM bhanjayituM na azaknot |

But, anyone it break not able.

In sentence 8, what does enaM mean?

In sentence 9, what does kopi mean?

[Tarun]

c10) tataH saH vRddhaH, 'taM kASTha-bandhaM unmucya ekaikaM kASThaM bhanjayata' ity avocat |

Then that old man 'that stick bundle untie one by one break' thus said.

11) teSu ekaiko'pi ekaikaM kASTham AdAya xipraM, vinA zrameNa abhanjayat |

Among them each as one by one took quickly, without effort broke.

12) tadA vRddhaH avadat, "pUtrAH!

ekaikaM kASThaM yuSmAbhiH sulabhatayA bhagnam; na kASTha-bandhaH |

Then old man said, "Sons, single stick by you (all) easily broken; not stick bundle.

13) ataH yUyaM sadA sanghI-bhavat |

tadA na ko'pi yuSmAn badheta" iti |

Ergo, you (all) always united be. Then nobody you (can) trouble/bother" thus.

14) evaM sanghe zaktiM tebhyaH abodhayat |

Certainly, thus in unity strength to them (he) explained.

[Bhakta Shakta]

Note to GCC:

 

I prefer to self-learn Sanskrit by realizing brahman and becoming an uttama-bhagat <-;

 

 

[Tarun]

Jagatji: Great to see you back!

We were just keeping this thread lukewarm while you were away.

sambhASaNam (angAni uddizya)

Conversation (limbs concerning)

1) prasnaH (question) - idaM kim? This what?

uttaram (answer) - idaM mama zarIram | This my body.

2) pra - zarIrarasya bhAgAH ke? Of body parts what?

utt - zarIrasya bhAgAh ziraH, kaNThaH, uraH, udaraH, hastau, pAdau, angulayaH ity AdayaH |

Of body parts head, neck, chest, belly, hands, feet, fingers etc.

Notice: for such a long sentence no verb (is) required.

3) pra - tava zirasi kiM KiM vartate? Your head what what exists?

utt - mama zirasi dve netre, dvau karNau, ekA nAsikA, mukhaM, jihvA, dantAH, evam AdayaH vartate?

My in head 2 eyes, 2 ears, one nose, face, tongue, teeth, thus/certainly exists.

??This zirasi form comes from ziraH. It's in which case?

4) pra - tvaM netrAbhyAM kiM karoSi? You with 2 eyes what do?

utt - ahaM netrAbhyAM pazyAmi | I with 2 eyes see.

5) pra - tvaM karNAbhyaM kiM karoSi? You with 2 ears what do?

utt - ahaM karNAbhyAM zRNomi. I with 2 ears hear.

6) pra - tvaM nAsikayA kiM karoSi? You with nose what do?

utt - ahaM nAsikayA jighrAmi. I with nose smell.

7) praznaH - tvaM vadanena kiM karoSi? You with mouth what do?

uttaram - ahaM vadanena annaM bhaxayAmi | I with mouth food eat.

8) pra - tvaM jihvayA kiM karoSi? You with tongue what do?

utt - ahaM jihvayA rasayAmi | I with tongue taste.

9) pra - tvaM dantaiH kiM karoSi? You with teeth what do?

utt - ahaM dantaiH carvayAmi | I with teeth chew.

10) praznaH - tvaM pAdAbhyAM kiM karoSi? You with 2 feet what do?

uttaram - ahaM pAdAbhyAM carAmi | I with 2 feet move/walk.

11) pra - tvaM hastAbhyAM kiM karoSi? You by 2 hands what do?

utt - ahaM hastAbhyAM vastUni gRhNAmi | I by 2 hands take things.

12) pra - tvaM angulIbhiH kiM karoSi? You with fingers what do?

utt - AhaM angulIbhiH gaNayAmi | I with fingers count.

13) praznaH - kaNThaH kutra vartate? Neck where situated?

uttaram - kaNThaH zirasaH adharastAt vartate |

utt - Neck head below from situated.

??What dif between zirasah and ziraH??

14) praznaH - kaNThasya adharastAt kiM kiM vartate?

u - kaNThasya adharastAt kuraH, udaraM, hastau, pAdau, ete vartante |

Of neck below from chest, belly, hands, feet these exist.

In 14, kaNThasya adharastAt are in singular gen. & abl. cases

??What about zirasaH in 13? "kaNThaH zirasaH adharastAt"??

 

[Tarun]

Bhakta Shaktaji: tvam vadanena kiM karoSi?

(uttaram = answer antar = within last post)

[Tarun]

Moreover, tvam angulIbhiH kim karoSi? (in 10 words or less)

[Tarun]

For now on we keep it as simple as possible. We'll give

first: original Sanskrt transliterated, second: Sanskrt word order translated into English,

third: the English word order (if needed)

Note: In Sanskrt there are no articles (a, an, the) so we'll leave them out in English translation too.

******* KrIDAnganam = Playground *******

c1) praznaH/question: idaM kim? this what?what is this?

2) uttaram/answer: idaM krIDAnganam |

3) praznaH/questn: krIDAngaNe bAlAH kiM kurvanti?

4) krIDAngaNe bAlAH krIDAnti | In playground boys play.

5) bAlAH kathaM krIDAnti? Boys how play?

6) bAlAH kandukaiH krIDAnti. Boys with balls play.

7) saH bAlAH kiM karoti? That boy what does/doing?

8) saH bAlAH vakradaNDena kandukaM tADayati. That boy with (curved) bat ball hits.

9) anyaH kiM karoti? Other (boy) what doing?

10) anyaH svadaNDena kandukaM pratiruNaddhi |

Other (boy) with his bat ball stops.

11) aho! idAnIM kiM AsIt? Oh! Now what is? (happened?)

12) kandukaH ubhau api vancayitvA dhAvitaH | Ball from both even having escaped runs.

Having even/also escaped from (them) both, ball rolls away.

13) ayaM aparaH kuto dhAvati? Other (boy) why runs?

14) ayaM kandukaM grahItuM dhAvati | He ball to catch runs.

15) kutaH sarve bAlAH karatAlaM kurvanti? Why all boys handclap do?

16) ayaM api kandukaM agrhItvA patitaH |

This boy too ball not having caught fell down.

ataH sarve hasanti, karatAlaM kurvanti ca |

So, all laugh, handclap do too.

?In 12, what does ubhau mean?

?In 13, 14, 16 what does ayaM mean?

?In 13 what does aparaH mean?

Most of these words can be found in Bhagavad-gIta.

From 13, ayam avilola... DAmodarASTakam

 

[Tarun]

******* SUryaH = Sun *******

tAtaH - bAla! sUryaH kasyAM dizi udeti?

Father - Son! Sun in which direction rises?

sutaH - tAta! sUryaH prAcyAM dizi udeti |

Son - Father! Sun in Eastern direction rises.

tAtaH - saH kasyAM dizi astaM gacchati?

Father - He in which direction sets/goes?

sutaH - sah pratIcyAM dizi astaM gacchati |

Son - He out in Western direction sets/goes down.

tAtaH - sUryeNa asmAkaM kiM prayojanam?

Father - By Sun we what gain?

sutaH - sUryaH asmAkaM prakAzaM, uSNaM ca yacchati |

Son - Sun us light heat and gives.

tAtaH - sUryaprakAzena kiM bhavati?

Father - By sunlight what becomes (effect)?

sutaH - sUryaprakAzena andhakArah nazyati |

Son - By sunlight darkness destroyed. Sunlight dissipates night.

tAtaH - sUryasya uSNaH kiM karoti?

Father - Of Sun Heat what does? What does Sun heat do?

sutaH - sUryasya uSNaH prANinaH raxati |

Of Sun heat living protects. Sun's heat protects living (beings).

kiM ca sUryaH uSNa-kiranaiH meghAn janayati |

What and Sun with (His) hot rays clouds creates.

tAtaH - sUryadevaM kutaH janAH pUjayanti?

Father - Sun-god why people worship?

sutaH - sUryaH grahANAM AdhipaH | Sun among planets head.

api ca svakiranaiH lokAn raxati | Also and by His rays planets (He) protects.

ataH janAH taM pUjayanti | Ergo, people Him worship.

Some (10) of the Sun-god's names:

AdityaH savitA sUryaH

khagaH pUSA gabhAstimAn |

suvarNa-sadRzaH bhAnuH

hiraNya-retaH divAkaraH ||

[Tarun]

******* RAmAyaNa-kathA *******

1) ayodhyAyAM dazarathaH nAma rAjA AsIt |

in Ayodhya Dazarath name king was

(Once upon a time) In Ayodhya there was a King named Dazarath.

2) tasya tisraH bhAryAH AsIt |

Of him 3 consorts were = He had 3 consorts.

3) tAH krameNa kausalyA, kaikeyI, sumitrA ca |

They by count/step KausalyA, KaikeyI, Sumitra and.

4) etAsu bhAryAsu catvAraH kumArAH ajAyanta |

In those wives 4 sons were born.

5) tesu prathamaH rAmaH kausalyAyAM putraH |

Among them first RAma from/of Kausalya son.

6) dvitIyaH bharataH KaikeyyAH putraH |

Second Bharata from/of KaikeyI son.

7) trtIya-caturthau laxmaNa zatrughnau sumitrAyAH putrau |

Third-fourth Laxman Zatrughna from/of SumitrA sons.

8) rAmaH pituH AjnayA vanaM agacchat |

RAma of father by command forest went.

9) tena saha laxmaNaH, sItA ca agacchatam |

by him with Laxman, SItA and/also went/followed.

10) rAvaNo nAma rAxasaH vane sItAM aharat |

RAvaNa name man-eater in forest SItA stole away.

11) saH tAM lankA-nagare asthApayat |

He her LankA in city kept.

12) rAmaH kapi-rAjena sugriveNa, hanumatA ca sakhyaM akarot |

RAma by monkey king Sugriva, with HanumAn and friendship made.

13) hanumAn samudraM ullanghya lankAyAM sItA |

HanumAn sea jumped (over) in LankA SitA saw.

14) vAnarAH samudre setuM abadhnan |

Monkeys on sea bridge built.

15) rAmaH lankAM gatvA sarvAn rAxasAn rAvaNaM ca jaghAna |

RAma LankA having gone all man-eaters RAvaNa also killed.

16) tataH saH sItayA saha ayodhyAM prApa |

Then he by SItA with AyodhyA returned.

17) ayodhyAyAM rAmasya paTTAbhiSekaH abhavat |

In AyodhyA of RAma coronation bath took place.

Note: no capital letters in Sanskrt.

Names of persons, places are capitalized only in translation.

Sanskrt: sItA = SItA (English)

?? Can someone explain the verb prApa in 16? krameNa in 3? hanumatA in 12?

[Tarun]

******* RAmAyaNa-kathA *******

1) ayodhyAyAM dazarathaH nAma rAjA AsIt |

in Ayodhya Dazarath name king was

(Once upon a time) In Ayodhya there was a King named Dazarath.

2) tasya tisraH bhAryAH AsIt |

Of him 3 consorts were = He had 3 consorts.

3) tAH krameNa kausalyA, kaikeyI, sumitrA ca |

They by count/step KausalyA, KaikeyI, Sumitra and.

4) etAsu bhAryAsu catvAraH kumArAH ajAyanta |

In those wives 4 sons were born.

5) tesu prathamaH rAmaH kausalyAyAM putraH |

Among them first RAma from/of Kausalya son.

6) dvitIyaH bharataH KaikeyyAH putraH |

Second Bharata from/of KaikeyI son.

7) trtIya-caturthau laxmaNa zatrughnau sumitrAyAH putrau |

Third-fourth Laxman Zatrughna from/of SumitrA sons.

8) rAmaH pituH AjnayA vanaM agacchat |

RAma of father by command forest went.

9) tena saha laxmaNaH, sItA ca agacchatam |

by him with Laxman, SItA and/also went/followed.

10) rAvaNo nAma rAxasaH vane sItAM aharat |

RAvaNa name man-eater in forest SItA stole away.

11) saH tAM lankA-nagare asthApayat |

He her LankA in city kept.

12) rAmaH kapi-rAjena sugriveNa, hanumatA ca sakhyaM akarot |

RAma by monkey king Sugriva, with HanumAn and friendship made.

13) hanumAn samudraM ullanghya lankAyAM sItA |

HanumAn sea jumped (over) in LankA SitA saw.

14) vAnarAH samudre setuM abadhnan |

Monkeys on sea bridge built.

15) rAmaH lankAM gatvA sarvAn rAxasAn rAvaNaM ca jaghAna |

RAma LankA having gone all man-eaters RAvaNa also killed.

16) tataH saH sItayA saha ayodhyAM prApa |

Then he by SItA with AyodhyA returned.

17) ayodhyAyAM rAmasya paTTAbhiSekaH abhavat |

In AyodhyA of RAma coronation bath took place.

Note: no capital letters in Sanskrt.

Names of persons, places are capitalized only in translation.

Sanskrt: sItA = SItA (English)

?? Can someone explain the verb prApa in 16? krameNa in 3? hanumatA in 12?